Lesson 9: Logic And Critical Thinking

Question 1

What is Logic?

Answer 1

Logic is the study of correct reasoning and how to make good arguments.

Question 2

What is critical thinking?

Answer 2

Critical thinking is the ability to analyze and evaluate ideas clearly and wisely.

Question 3

Why is Logic important in philosophy?

Answer 3

Because it helps us spot errors in thinking and find the truth.

Question 4

How are Logic and Critical thinking related?

Answer 4

Logic gives the rules, and critical thinking is how we use them in real life.

Question 5

Signs of good critical thinking

Answer 5

Asking questions, using evidence, staying open-minded, and avoiding bias.

Question 6

Two basic types of reasonings

Answer 6

Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning

Question 7

What is Deductive reasoning

Answer 7

It uses a general truth to make a sure conclusion.
Example: All birds have wings → A parrot is a bird → So, a parrot has wings.

Question 8

What is inductive reasoning

Answer 8

It uses examples to guess a general rule.
Example: I saw 5 dogs with tails → So maybe all dogs have tails.

Question 9

Strength of an argument-

Answer 9

This applies mostly to inductive reasoning (where conclusions are not guaranteed but likely).

Question 10

Validity and soundness of an argument-

Answer 10

Validity and soundness of an argument in deductive reasoning mean that an argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises, and sound if it is valid and the premises are actually true but this doesn’t automatically mean the conclusion is true unless the argument is sound.