LESSON 9: Nation-Building and Market Revolution (1815-1840) Flashcards
(26 cards)
Andrew Jackson
chasing Native Americans and runaway slaves, he occupied Spanish Florida in 1818;
took Spanish governor into custody: accused of breaking Spanish neutrality by allowing British to operate in Pensacola and arming the Seminoles (Native Americans);
appointed somebody governor and took off;
detained British people and executed
Adams-Onis Treaty (Transcontinental Treaty) 1819
negotiated by the Secretary of State John Quincy Adams ;
Spain ceded Florida to the U.S.;
agreement on the U.S.-Spanish border: not clear after Louisiana Purchase
Convention of 1818
negotiated by John Qiuncy Adams with Britain;
set border with Canada at 49th parallel
Joint British U.S. occupation of Oregon County
not part of any country;
the entice Pacific North-West;
fur trade: Britain had companies active
1815-1840
peace;
8 new states joined union;
Maine (1820), Missouri (1821), Michigan (1837), Florida (1845), Iowa (1846), Wisconsin (1848), and Texas (1845)
National Road
America’s first major federal transportation project;
from Cumberland, MD-Wheeling to VA-Vandalia, IL;
1818-1838
Transportation by flatboats on natural river
cheaper than transportation by road;
road transportation (pulled by animals) slow and expensive
Transportation by land in 1800s
(30 mi) cost as much as transporting same cargo from England to the U.S. across the Atlantic Ocean
Steamboats
revolutionized commerce in 1810s by allowing two-traffic movement on the interior
Robert Fulton’s Clermont
the first commercially viable steamboat;
traveled from Albany to NYC
Canals
were built to close gaps in the river system;
brief canal boom in the U.S.: peaking in the 1820s and leading into 1830s;
important East-West connections
Erie Canal
NY state project of 1825;
connected Albany to Buffalo;
canal cuts across upstate NY;
by 1830, the canal paid itself off;
the most commercially successful canal in the U.S.;
Governor Dewitt Clinton got the funding going;
over 360 mi; 4 feet deep (enough for flatboats)
National Road 1830
extended to Washington D.C.
Communications Revolution
1844;
telegraph went into commercial operation;
created in 1830 by Samuel Morse
First American Railroads
Baltimore and Ohio (1830)
Charleston and Hamburg (1833);
British invention by George Stephenson (1823)
Second Middle Passage
1800-1860;
forced migration of 1 million slaves from Upper South to Deep South;
was crucial in the rise of Cotton Kingdom
America’s first factory
established by Samuel Slater in Rhode Island in 1790, producing yarn
Boston Manufacturing Company
created by Boston Associates (including Francis Cabbott Lowell);
started making cloth in 1813;
in 1822, expanded to Lowell, MA (a mill town that became the center of U.S. textile industry
American System of Manufacturers
perfected by Eli Terry and Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney
by 1850, had at least 500 mills, employing possibly 10,000 people
Textile Insutry
dominated but by 1830s and 1840s, beginning of other types of industries: tools, firearms, shoes, clocks, agricultural machinery
Influx of immigrants
by 1840s and 1850s, influx of immigrants; German and mostly Irish
Immigration
between 1815 and 1860, more than 5 million immigrants;
Irish escaped Great Potato famine;
1840 - 1850: 4 million
Nativism
in the 1850s, among Protestant Anglos
