Lesson One - The Proteome Flashcards
What is the proteome?
The entire set of proteins which are expressed by a genome
What type of cell is mRNA transcribed in?
Eukaryotic cells
What is Post Translational Modification?
The alteration of the protein after translation
Why is post translational modification required?
So that the protein can do its function at the correct time
Where does post translational modification occur?
In the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and the target site of proteins
What can post translational modification involve?
The addition of chemical group
and
The covalent cleavage of the polypeptide
What can be added to the polypeptide and why?
Chemical groups in order to allow the protein to do the correct function
Give some examples of chemical groups
Phosphorylation Acylation Alkylation Glycosylation Oxidation
What does covalent cleage involve?
The cleaving (cutting) sections of the polypeptide.
Why does covalent cleavage occur?
As sometimes the protein functions more effectively in parts
Give two examples of covalent cleavage
Proteases
Autocatalytic cleavage
Potentially how many proteins can be produced from a genome?
1 000 000
How many proteins in the genome expressed at one time?
20 000
What can vary overtime to a given cell and why?
The set of proteins which are expressed by that cell due to different conditions such as the stress response
What does regulation of Gene Expression ensure?
The the cell is energy efficent and producing proteins only when they are required
