lesson six Flashcards
(25 cards)
specific defences are part of our…
immune system
our immune system is composed of different types of cells that occur in most organs of our body. what do these cells do?
protect against foreign organisms, alien chemicals and cancerous and other immune cells.
some of these cells in the immune system are nonspecific such as
neutrophils and macrophages
while others are specific such as
B cells and T cells (two types of lymphocytes)
when B cells and T cells react it is called
an immune response
the immune reponse- homeostatic mechanism ….
when a foreign substance or organism enters the body, this response helps to combat this invasion and restore the internal environment to normal.
there are two parts to the immune response: what are they and briefly describe
- humoral response (antibody mediated immunity) - which involves the production of special proteins, called antibodies which circulate around the body and attack invading pathogens.
- cell mediated response- which involves the formation of special cells (killer T cells) that destroy invading organisms
much of the lymphoid tissue is composed of two types of lymphocytes:
B cells- which produce antibodies
T cells- which provide cell mediated immunity
where are T cells and B cells made?
bone marrow
where do the T cells mature?
thymus
where do B cells mature?
bone marrow
B cells and T cells are involved in …… immunity.
specific
what is the function of B cells?
best suited to defend your body against
- bacteria
- toxins produced by bacteria
- viruses that are outside of any host cell
function of T cells are?
defend your body from
- bacteria and viruses that are inside the host cell (kill host cell and what s in them)
- larger multicellular pathogens
- cancerous cells
- transplanted foreign tissue
how do you make T cells and B cells begin to attack a specific pathogen?
you have to show these cells a part of the specific pathogen that needs to be defend against… they know what to ‘look’ for before attacking/killing
what is an antigen
any substance capable of causing a specific immune response
what are some examples of what antigens can be?
large molecules
can be proteins, carbohydrates, lipids or nucleic acids
what is self tolerance?
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids are all capable of being antigens .. yet your body doesn’t react against your own DNA, proteins or cell membranes
define self antigens
the molecules in our body that do not trigger an immune response
define non self antigens
the foreign molecules that do trigger response
when is the immune system programmed
embryonic development, to distinguish between self and non self (tolerant)
what is an auto immune disease
occurs when your immune system attcks particular cells or tissues (self antigens) in your own body
define antibody:
specialized protein that is produced in response to a non self antigen
antibodies are …
specific
