lesson5

Question 1

collateral

Answer 1

secondary or unintended damage or consequence

The industrialization of farming led to the collateral loss of biodiversity

Question 2

enervation

Answer 2

the process of weakening or exhausting something

the enervation of the soil due to over-farming has reduced its natural fertility

Question 3

welfare

Answer 3

the health, happiness, and well-being of a person or group
modern farming practices have raised concerns about the welfare of livestock

Question 4

fertiliser

Answer 4

a chemical or natural substance added to soil to increase its fertility

farmers rely on fertiliser to improve crop yields, but excessive use can harm the environment

Question 5

pesticide

Answer 5

a substance used to kill harmful insects or other pests that damage crops

the widespread use of pesticide has contributed to the decline of many bird species

Question 6

monoculture

Answer 6

the cultivation of a single crop over a large area

monoculture farming reduces biodiversity and makes crops more vulnerable to diseases

Question 7

rearing

Answer 7

the process of breeding and raising animals

the rearing of cattle in confined spaces has raised ethical concerns

Question 8

livestock

Answer 8

farm animals such as cows, sheep, and chickens

livestock farming contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions

Question 9

onward

Answer 9

moving forward or continuing in progress

the onward march of agricultural technology has greatly increased food production

Question 10

yield

Answer 10

the mount of crops or produce obtained from a field

farmers use advanced techniques to increase their crop yield

Question 11

colossal

Answer 11

extremely large or great in size

the colossal impact of industrial farming on the environment cannot be ignored

Question 12

skylark

Answer 12

to’rg’ay

Question 13

partridge

Answer 13

kaklik

Question 14

lapwing

Answer 14

qizqush

Question 15

bunting

Answer 15

dehqonchumchuq

Question 16

hedgerow

Answer 16

tabiiy to’siq

Question 17

faeces

Answer 17

solid waste matter excreted from body

Question 18

filth

Answer 18

thick, unpleasant dirt

Question 19

loch

Answer 19

a Scottish term for a lake or sea inlet

pollution has affected the marine life in several Scottish lochs

Question 20

alga

Answer 20

suv o’ti (plural algae)

Question 21

wheat

Answer 21

bug’doy

Question 22

borne

Answer 22

pp of bear. carried or transmitted by something

many water-borne diseases are linked to agricultural pollution

Question 23

merely

Answer 23

only; nothing more than

the loss of biodiversity is not merely an aesthetic issue but an environmental crisis

Question 24

staggering

Answer 24

shockingly large or impressive in amount

the staggering cost of repairing environmental damage from farming is often overlooked

Question 25

externality

Answer 25

indirect cost or effect of an activity that are not reflected in its price pollution from farming is one of the many negative externalities of industrial agriculture

Question 26

arable

Answer 26

suitable for growing crops arable land is becoming less fertile due to excessive use of chemicals

Question 27

figure

Answer 27

a number or statistic representing a quantity the figure for agricultural pollution costs was higher that expected

Question 28

pasture

Answer 28

land covered with grass used for grazing animals farmers rotate their cattle between different pastures to maintain soil quality

Question 29

phosphate

Answer 29

chemical compounds containing phosphorus, often used in fertilisers

Question 30

emission

Answer 30

gases or pollutants released into the air agriculture is responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions

Question 31

prop

Answer 31

to support or hold something up government subsidies are propping up unsustainable farming practices.

Question 32

feasible

Answer 32

possible or practical to do it is feasible to adopt more sustainable farming methods with proper support

Question 33

furthermore

Answer 33

in addition, moreover sustainable farming reduces pollution, furthermore, it improves soil health

Question 34

daunt

Answer 34

to make someone feel slightly frightened or worried about their ability to achieve something She was not at all daunted by the size of the problem.

Question 35

foothill

Answer 35

tog' etagi

Question 36

leaflet

Answer 36

a piece of paper that gives you information or advertises something A leaflet about the new bus services came through the door today.

Question 37

itinerary

Answer 37

a detailed plan or route of a journey The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary.

Question 38

culminate

Answer 38

If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease.