lesson9

Question 1

BCE

Answer 1

before christian era/before current era

Question 2

prowl

Answer 2

to move around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard, such as an animal does when hunting

pirates prowled the Mediterranean

Question 3

raid

Answer 3

a short sudden attack, usually by a small group of people

raiding merchant ships

Question 4

fleet

Answer 4

“dengiz flotasi”

Question 5

reign

Answer 5

the period of time when a king or queen rules a country

in ancient Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep III

Question 6

predate

Answer 6

to have existed or happened before another thing

it is reasonable to assume it predated this powerful civilization

Question 7

surpass

Answer 7

to do or be better than

unsurpassed knowledge of the local coastline and sailing routes.

Question 8

cove

Answer 8

a curved part of a coast that partly surrounds an area of water
ko’rfaz

Question 9

laden

Answer 9

carrying or holding a lot of something

Caught in a trap, a slow merchant ship laden with goods

Question 10

retailation

Answer 10

the act of hurting someone or doing something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you

knowledge of the local area helped the pirates to avoid retaliation

Question 11

condone

Answer 11

to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong

Homer not only condones, but praises the lifestyle and actions of pirates

Question 12

glory

Answer 12

great admiration, honour, and praise that you earn by doing something successfully

glorified pirates’ daring attacks on ships or even cities.

Question 13

detour

Answer 13

a different route that is used because a road is closed

Athenian ambassadors made a detour from their official travel to capture a ship sailing from Egypt

Question 14

tolerate

Answer 14

to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them

The Greeks’ liberal approach towards piracy does not mean they always tolerated it

Question 15

curtail

Answer 15

to stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something

The Greeks’ liberal approach towards piracy does not mean they always tolerated it,

Question 16

hamper

Answer 16

to prevent someone doing something easily

but attempts to curtail piracy were hampered by the large number of pirates operating in the Mediterranean.

Question 17

culprit

Answer 17

someone who has done something wrong

demanding punishment of the culprits.

Question 18

embolden

Answer 18

to make someone brave

emboldened pirates

Question 19

prominent

Answer 19

very well known and important

emboldened pirates kidnapped prominent Roman dignitaries

Question 20

dignitary

Answer 20

a person who has an important position in a society

Question 21

ransom

Answer 21

tovon puli

Question 22

hostage

Answer 22

someone who is taken as a prisoner by an enemy in order to force the other people involved to do what the enemy wants

Question 23

concerted

Answer 23

planned or done together for a shared purpose

The time had come for concerted action

Question 24

menace

Answer 24

something that is likely to cause harm

new law granted Pompey vast funds to combat the Mediterranean menace

Question 25

eradicate

Answer 25

to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad Rome eradicated piracy

Question 26

correspondence

Answer 26

letters, especially official or business letters