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CSS 6 > Lessons 3-4 > Flashcards

Lessons 3-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is SDLC?

A

Software Development Life Cycle

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2
Q

What are the 7 Phases of SDLC?

A
  • Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives
  • Determining human information requirements
  • Analyzing system needs
  • Designing the recommended system
  • Developing and documenting software
  • Testing and maintaining the system
  • Implementing and evaluating the system
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3
Q

What are the 5 phases of SDLC? (Process Flows) R. Pressman, SE 7th Ed

A
  • Communication
  • Planning
  • Modeling
  • Construction
  • Deployment
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4
Q

What are the 4 kinds of Process Flows?

A
  1. Linear Process Flow
  2. Iterative Process Flow
  3. Evolutionary Process Flow
  4. Parallel Process Flow
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5
Q

What are the Sequential/Prescriptive Process models?

A
  • Waterfall Model
  • V-model
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6
Q

What are the Evolutionary/Iterative/Incremental Process Models?

A
  • Incremental Model
  • Spiral Model
  • Prototyping
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7
Q

What are the other terms for the Waterfall Model? (other names)

A
  • Linear-sequential life cycle model
  • Classic Life Cycle
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8
Q

What does the Classic life cycle suggest?

A

It suggests a systematic sequential approach to software development

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9
Q

Each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin and there is no overlapping in the phases.

A

Waterfall Model

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10
Q

Who created the Original Waterfall Model?

A

Winston Royce, 1970

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11
Q

What types of systems are appropriate for the waterfall model?

A
  • Embedded systems
  • Critical Systems
  • Large Software Systems
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12
Q

Waterfall Model Appropriate System

There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues, patches are released. Also to enhance the product some better versions are released. Maintenance is done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.

A

Embedded Systems

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13
Q

Waterfall Model Appropriate System

where there is a need for extensive safety and security analysis of the software specification and design

A

Critical Systems

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14
Q

Waterfall Model Appropriate System

that are part of broader engineering systems developed by several partner companies

A

Large Software Systems

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15
Q

What are the 6 phases in the Waterfall Model?

A
  • Requirement Gathering and Analysis
  • System Design
  • Implementation
  • Integration and Testing
  • Deployment of system
  • Maintenance
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16
Q

Waterfall Model Phase

All possible requirements of the system to be developed are captured in this phase and documented in a requirement specification document

A

Requirement Gathering and analysis

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17
Q

Waterfall Model Phase

The requirement specifications from first phase are studied in this phase and the ________ is prepared. ________ helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and helps in defining the overall system architecture.

A

System Design

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18
Q

Waterfall Model Phase

With inputs from the system design, the system is first developed in small programs called units, which are integrated in the next phase. Each unit is developed and tested for its functionality, which is referred to as Unit Testing.

A

Implementation

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19
Q

Waterfall Model Phase

All the units developed in the implementation phase are integrated into a system after testing of each unit. Post integration the entire system is tested for any faults and failures.

A

Integration and Testing

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20
Q

Waterfall Model Phase

Once the functional and non-functional testing is done; the product is deployed in the customer environment or released into the market.

A

Deployment of system

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21
Q

Waterfall Model Phase

There are some issues which come up in the client environment. To fix those issues, patches are released. Also to enhance the product some better versions are released. This is done to deliver these changes in the customer environment.

A

Maintenance

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22
Q

Illustrates how verification and validation actions are associated with earlier engineering actions

A

V-Model

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23
Q

Depicts the relationship of quality assurance actions to the actions associated with communication, modeling, and early construction activities

A

V-Model

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24
Q

How does the V-Model work?

A

As a software team moves down the left side of the V, basic problem requirements are refined into progressively more detailed and technical representations of the problem and its solution.

Once code has been generated, the team moves up the right side of the V, essentially performing a series of tests (quality assurance actions) that validate each of the models created as the team moved down the left side

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25
26
A software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations
Spiral Model
27
Who created the Spiral Model?
Boehm, 1988
28
In the spiral model, what is term for " repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations"?
Spirals
29
Combines change avoidance with change tolerance
Spiral Model
30
Assumes that changes are a result of project risks and includes explicit risk management activities to reduce these risks
Spiral Model
31
What are the phases for the Spiral Model?
* Objective setting * Risk assessment and reduction * Development and validation * Planning
32
# Spiral Model Phase Specific objectives for that phase of the project are defined
Objective Setting
33
# Spiral Model Phase Constraints on the process and the product are identified and a detailed management plan is drawn up
Objective Setting
34
# Spiral Model Phase Project risks are identified
Objective Setting
35
36
# Spiral Model Phase Alternative strategies, depending on these risks, may be planned
Objective Setting
37
# Spiral Model Phase For each of the identified project risks, a detailed analysis is carried out
Risk Assessment and Reduction
38
# Spiral Model Phase Steps are taken to reduce the risk
Risk Assessment and Reduction
39
# Spiral Model After risk evaluation, a development model for the system is chosen
Development and Validation
40
# Spiral Model Phase The project is reviewed and a decision made whether to continue with a further loop of the spiral
Planning
41
# Spiral Model Phase If it is decided to continue, plans are drawn up for the next phase of the project
Planning
42
building software application prototypes which displays the functionality of the product under development, but may not actually hold the exact logic of the original software
Prototyping
43
enables to understand customer requirements at an early stage of development
Prototyping
44
helps get valuable feedback from the customer and helps software designers and developers understand about what exactly is expected from the product under development
Prototyping
45
What are the 4 Types of Prototyping?
* Throwaway Prototyping/rapid or close ended prototyping * Evolutionary Prototyping/breadboard prototyping * Incremental Prototyping * Extreme Prototyping
46
# Type of Prototyping uses very little efforts with minimum requirement analysis to build a prototype
Throwaway Prototyping
47
# Type of Prototyping once the actual requirements are understood, the prototype is discarded and the actual system is developed with a much clear understanding of user requirements
Throwaway Prototyping
48
# Type of Prototyping based on building actual functional prototypes with minimal functionality in the beginning
Evolutionary Prototyping
49
# Type of Prototyping the prototype developed forms the heart of the future prototypes on top of which the entire system is built
Evolutionary Prototyping
50
# Type of Prototyping the well-understood requirements are included in the prototype and the requirements are added as and when they are understood
Evolutionary Prototyping
51
# Type of Prototyping refers to building multiple functional prototypes of the various sub-systems then integrating all the available prototypes to form a complete system
Incremental Prototyping
52
# Type of Prototyping used in the web development domain
Extreme Prototyping
53
# Types of Prototyping This process is used to draw attention to the second phase of the process, where a fully functional UI is developed with very little regard to the actual services
Extreme Prototyping
54
What are the three phases of Extreme Prototyping?
* basic prototype with all the existing pages is presented in the HTML format * the data processing is simulated using a prototype services layer * the services are implemented and integrated to the final prototype
55
based on the idea of developing an initial implementation, exposing this to user comment and evolving it through several versions until an adequate system has been developed
Incremental Model
56
specification, development, and validation activities are interleaved rather than separate, with rapid feedback across activities
Incremental Model
57
a fundamental part of agile approaches
Incremental Model
58
better than a waterfall approach for most business, e-commerce, and personal systems
Incremental Model
59
it is cheaper and easier to make changes in the software as it is being developed
Incremental Model
60
# ``` ``` The basic idea behind this method is to develop a system through repeated cycles and in smaller portions at a time, allowing software developers to take advantage of what was learned during development of earlier parts or versions of the system
Iterative and Incremental Model
61
What does WBS mean?
Work Breakdown Structure
62
What is WBS?
A repeatable process that can be used as a template for future projects
63
How is WBS used?
1) effectively decompose the project scope 2) improve estimating 3) better control the project execution and 4) more accurately verify project completion
64
Why should you use GANTT charts for project scheduling?
* an easy way to schedule tasks * bars represent each task or activity * the length of each bar represents the relative length of the task
65
Who invented GANTT charts?
Henry Gantt
66
What are the advantages of using GANTT charts?
1. main advantage: simplicity 2. Another advantage: the size of the bar indicates the relative length of time it will take to complete each task
67
What does PERT mean?
Program Evaluation and Review Techniques
68
When and how was PERT developed?
Developed in the late 1950s for use in the US Navy’s Polaris nuclear submarine project
69
Represented by a network of nodes and arrows that are then evaluated to determine the critical activities, improve the schedule if necessary, and review progress once the project is undertaken
PERT Diagram

CSS 6 (4 decks)

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