Let's get drunk

Question 1

When we talk about alcohol what are we often talking about

Answer 1

ethanol

Question 2

What is methanol present in

Answer 2

anti-freeze, solvents and some fuels

Question 3

Is it legal to brew alcohol at home

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

is it legal to distil spirits

Answer 4

no - because you get a lot of contaminants such as methanol

Question 5

What is methanol metabolised to

Answer 5

formalderhyde an then formic acid

Question 6

How do you treat methanol toxicity

Answer 6

Alcohol - competitive inhibition. Drinking ethanol means you don’t make any formic acid

Question 7

Recommended unit per week

Answer 7

14

Question 8

Who should abstain from alcohol

Answer 8

pregnant women

Question 9

How do we absorb alcohol

Answer 9

water soluble compound

Question 10

Does food slow down absorption alcohol

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

Why does having a full stomach mean you get less drunk

Answer 11

The longer alcohol is in the stomach the more it is metabolised prior to emptying the small bowel. Therefore food slows gastric emptying

Question 12

The higher the concentration of alcohol the slower it gets absorbed. True of false

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Which type of spirits are absorbed faster

Answer 13

Aerated drinks

Question 14

What is the quickest absorption of alcohol concentration

Answer 14

20-30%

Question 15

Why do women cope with alcohol less well

Answer 15

they have a lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase

also they have a higher subset fat percentage. Therefore men dilute alcohol more ( as it is water soluble)

Question 16

Where does 90% of the metabolism occur

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

At what rate roughly is alcohol removed from the blood

Answer 17

around 1 unit an hour

Question 18

When is the peak alcohol concentration after consumption

Answer 18

60minutes

Question 19

Why can some ethnic groups just not cope with alcohol

Answer 19

They have constitutionally low levels of alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 20

Why do people get flushing and feel sick when they drink

Answer 20

Defficient or ineffective variant of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Acetlyalderhyde is unpleasant and toxic. This group of people have low levels of alcoholisms as it is simply not pleasant

Question 21

Is it possible to increase your alcohol tolerance

Answer 21

Possible to up regulate alcohol dehydrogenase. Induction of CP450

Question 22

In heavy drinking what happens

Answer 22

Analogues and alternative pathways activated

Question 23

What are the consequences of heavy drinking

Answer 23

Production of hydrogen ions (REDOX) which must be…

UNFINISHED

Question 24

Why do you feel worse if you dance

Answer 24

Switch on anaerobic pathway- produce lactic acid

Question 25

why do you get the munchies

Answer 25

Hepatic gluconeogenesis

Question 26

What happens to fatty acids when you drink

Answer 26

Oxidation is impaired

Question 27

Alcoholic ketoacidosis

Answer 27

Excess NADH, impaired fatty acid metabolism (increased substrate available), fasting state { this is in contrast to diabetic ketoacidosis where there are low of normal glucose with high ketones}

Question 28

Who is alcoholic ketoacidosis usually associated with

Answer 28

malnourished state

Question 29

How do you get drunk

Answer 29

CNS depressant- basically increases levels of GABBA

Question 30

What is the affect on the cerebellum

Answer 30

Loss of muscular coordination and slurred speech

Question 31

What are the various levels

Answer 31

<100 - excitement, and fun 100-200 - slurring, falls, emotional >200- stupor, difficult to rouse Dangerous if brain stem is inhibited-decrease consciousness and breathing

Question 32

How does ADH affect the kidney

Answer 32

Within the distal tubule it promotes water reabsorption and therefore concentrates urine

Question 33

how does alcohol effect your heart beat

Answer 33

Negative inotrope

Question 34

What is Holiday heart syndrome most commonly

Answer 34

Supraventricular tachycardia

Question 35

Why do you get a headache

Answer 35

Congeners, serotonin. Banna and pineapple make It worse, water makes it better

Question 36

What is a cure for hangover

Answer 36

Anything that inhibits prostaglandins

Question 37

Drunk person turns up to A and E- what do you need to rule out

Answer 37

``` Head trauma Haemetemesis Pancreatitis- grey turners and cullers sign cardio resp ```