leukaemias

Question 1

which type of leukaemia is most common in younger adults

Answer 1

AML

Question 2

which leukaemia is associated with gum hypertrophy

Answer 2

AML

Question 3

list 2 symptoms associated with thrombocytopenia that a leukaemia patient may present with

Answer 3

epistaxis

easy bruising

Question 4

list 3 infiltrative symptoms a leukaemia patient may present with

Answer 4

hepatomegaly
lymphadenopathy
gum infiltration (AML)

Question 5

what type of cells are present in acute leukaemia

Answer 5

immature

Question 6

what type of cells are present in chronic leukaemia

Answer 6

mature

Question 7

what is a precursor lesion for AML

Answer 7

myelodisplasia

Question 8

which translocation is commonly associated with AML

Answer 8

t(15:17)

Question 9

which subtype of AML is associated with DIC

Answer 9

acute promyelocytic anaemia

Question 10

which subtype of AML is commonly associated with gun infiltration

Answer 10

acute monocytes leukaemia

Question 11

what investigation of diagnostic for leukaemia

Answer 11

bone marrow biopsy

> 20%

Question 12

what is seen on blood film in AML

Answer 12

auer rods

Question 13

what is 1st line treatment in CML

Answer 13

tyrosine kinase inhibitor

e.g. imatinib

Question 14

what is the name give to the chromosome translocation associated with CML

Answer 14

Philadelphia chromosome

Question 15

what is the BCR ABL gene responsible for producing

Answer 15

tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 16

what blood result (FBC) would indicate CML

Answer 16

raised granulocyte count

Question 17

is myelofibrosis a acute or chronic condition

Answer 17

chronic

myeloproliferative condition

Question 18

what mutation is associated with myelofibrosis

Answer 18

JAK2 mutation

Question 19

what happens to the bone marrow in myelofibrosis

Answer 19

bone marrow fibrosis

Question 20

what is a key sign infiltrative sign of extrameduallry haematopoesis seen in myelofibrosis

Answer 20

massive splenomegaly

Question 21

what cells are affected in myelofiobrosis

Answer 21

megakaryocytes

Question 22

what type of cells is seen in blood film of myelofibrosis

Answer 22

tear drop red cells

Question 23

is myelofibrosis a

wet tap or dry tap

and why?

Answer 23

dry tap

bone marrow fibrosis therefore unable to aspirate

Question 24

what type of cells is typically effected in polycythaemia vera

Answer 24

RBC

Question 25

what mutation is associated with polycythemia vera

Answer 25

JAK2 mutation

Question 26

what medication should be started in a patient with polycytheamia vera

Answer 26

aspirin

Question 27

what mutation is associated with essential thrombocytosis

Answer 27

JAK2

Question 28

what med is used in the management of essential thrombocytosis

Answer 28

aspirin

Question 29

which is the most common leukaemia in children

Answer 29

ALL

Question 30

name one condition that increases the risk of developing ALL

Answer 30

downs syndrome

Question 31

where does ALL cells not infiltrate

Answer 31

gums

Question 32

what is the most common translocation associated with ALL

Answer 32

t(12:21)

Question 33

list 3 organs ALL can infiltrate

Answer 33

``` liver spleen lymph nodes parotid testicle CNS ```

Question 34

what will you see on blood film in ALL

Answer 34

immature lymphoblasts

Question 35

what is the diagnostic investigation for ALL

Answer 35

bone marrow biopsy

Question 36

which is the most common leukaemia in older adults

Answer 36

CLL

Question 37

what is the classic finding in blood film in CLL

Answer 37

smudge cells

Question 38

what complication is associated with CLL

Answer 38

warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 39

name the condition: elderly patient + new onset back pain

Answer 39

think myeloma

Question 40

what condition can progress to myeloma

Answer 40

MGUS

Question 41

which antibodies are associated with myeloma

Answer 41

IgG and IgA

Question 42

pneumonic for myeloma

Answer 42

CRAB hypercalcaemia renal insufficiency anaemia bone lesions/pain

Question 43

what protein deposition in the kidney is associated with myeloma

Answer 43

bence jones proteins

Question 44

what blood investigation should you carry out if you suspect myeloma

Answer 44

serum electrophoresis M spike

Question 45

what do you see on urine electrophoresis in myeloma

Answer 45

hence jones proteins

Question 46

what do you see on blood film in myeloma

Answer 46

rouleaux formation

Question 47

lytic bone lesions

Answer 47

myeloma