Leukocytes

Question 1

Leukocytes have..

Answer 1

cytoplasm + nucleus

unlike RBC

Question 2

What does cytoplasm do?

Answer 2

protein synthesis

Question 3

What does nucleus do?

Answer 3

DNA carrying genetic message transmitted to cytoplasm by RNA

Question 4

Diapedesis

Answer 4

migration of WBCS through vessel walls to tissues

Question 5

Function of WBC

Answer 5

defend body against foreign substances

Question 6

Kinds of WBC

Answer 6

granulocytes & arganulocytes

Question 7

kinds of granulocytes

Answer 7

neutrophils (most numerous), eosinophils, basophils

Question 8

kinds of agranulocytes

Answer 8

lymphocytes (most numerous) & monocytes

Question 9

Neutrophils

Answer 9

produced in bone marrow
multi-lobed nucleus (2-5 segments) **KNOW THIS
jointed by chromatin strands
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Question 10

3 kinds of granules in neurtrophils

Answer 10

1) Azurophilic (primary)- lysosomes
2) Specific (secondary )
3) Tertiary- facilitate diapedesis

Question 11

function of neutrophils

Answer 11

defense against acute bacterial and fungal infections by phagocytosis

Question 12

Neutrophilia

Answer 12

high neutrophil numbers in response to infection

Question 13

Neutropenia

Answer 13

low neutrophil #

Question 14

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 14

Abnormal neutrophils

6 of more lobes; Vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency; interferes w/ DNA synthesis

Question 15

Hyposegmented neutrophils

Answer 15

defect in chromatin syntheisis

Question 16

Eosinophils

Answer 16

bilobed nucleus

Acidophilic grandualed- contain enzymes/lysosomes w/ cytotoxic effect to destroy parasites, neutralization of histamine

Question 17

Eosinophil function

Answer 17

protection against parasitic infestation, dampen allergic reaction

Question 18

Basophils

Answer 18

S-shape nucleus w/ dark purple staining cytoplasmic grandules

Question 19

Basophils functions

Answer 19

Inflammatory profess. Triggers release of IgE

Question 20

Lymphocytes

Answer 20

roundish dark blue nucleus off center that fills most of the cell (90%)

Question 21

Lymphocytes function

Answer 21

body’s immune system

Question 22

3 functional types of lymphocytes

Answer 22

1) T cells- from thymus
2) B-cells- from BM
3) Natural killer cells- programmed to kill foreign cells or tumor cells

Question 23

Increased lymphocytes

Answer 23

lymphocytosis

Question 24

decreased lymphocytes

Answer 24

lymphopenia

Question 25

monocytes

Answer 25

kidney shaped nucleus

Question 26

Monocyte function:

Answer 26

ingest and break down dead and dying body cells | Secrete cytokines that activate inflammatory response and proliferate other cells

Question 27

Penia

Answer 27

decrease

Question 28

cytosine, cythemia, philia

Answer 28

increase

Question 29

Neutropenia causes

Answer 29

susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections

Question 30

Eosinophilia

Answer 30

increased eosinophil number causes: parasitic infections allergic reactions (asthma)

Question 31

Monocytosis

Answer 31

elevation in monocyte count

Question 32

Lymphocytosis

Answer 32

increase in lymphocyte count. Results from increased production. Causes: viral infection or cancer

Question 33

Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) ***NOTE WE NEED TO KNOW

Answer 33

``` cause of beingn lymphocytosis NOT monocytosis "kissing disease" spread by saliva, sneezing, coughing Virus induced- EBV; type of herpes virus EBV infects epithelial cells and B cells ```

Question 34

IM what happens..

Answer 34

increase in lymphocyte # and changes in morphology ---> ATYPICAL LYMPHOCYTES Diagnosis: NEED TO KNOW High CBC- high WBC and lymphocyte count blood smar- atypical lymphocytes

Question 35

Leukemias

Answer 35

uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic (blood cells) in BM can be acute- immature blood cells can be chronic- well-differentiated mature blood cells

Question 36

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 36

proliferating cell-primitive lymphoid cell

Question 37

acute myeloid leukemia

Answer 37

proliferating cell- primitive myeloid cell

Question 38

Chromic myeloid leukemia

Answer 38

due to philadelphia chromosome mutation; translocation b/w chromosome 22 and 9 results in myeloid marrow hyperplasia abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells

Question 39

Lymphomas

Answer 39

Solid tumors that arise in lymphoid tissue and spread to other solid tissues 2 types: Hodgkin's and non-hodkins

Question 40

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 40

Presence of malignant Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cells | enlargement of lymph nodes usually in the neck

Question 41

Non-hodgkin's lymphoma

Answer 41

common in immunosuppressed patients | 90% of NHL B lymphomas; 10% T-cell lymphomas

Question 42

Multiple myeloma

Answer 42

third most common hemtoplogic malignancy after leukemia and lymphoma plasma cells accumulate in bone marrow and cause pressure on walls, bone pain and fractures