Leukopoiesis Exam 2

Question 1

What are the functions of neutrophils?

Answer 1

Primary function is phagocytosis; destroy pyogenic bacteria; respond to inflammatory reaction; attracted to sites of inflammation by chemotaxis, which is chemical message sent out by injured cells or microbes; highly motile, travel by diapedesis - through capillary walls to tissue sites

Question 2

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 2

Play a role in allergic reactions

Question 3

What are the functions of eosinophils?

Answer 3

Found in high numbers when the body is invaded by parasitic organisms and during allergy attacks - they respond to allergens and parasites

Question 4

What are the functions of monocytes/macrophages?

Answer 4

Less discriminating; participate in phagocytosis; travel by diapedesis; differentiate into larger macrophages which have greater phagocytic activity

Question 5

What percentage of the peripheral blood is segmented neutrophils?

Answer 5

50% - 70%

Question 6

What percentage of the peripheral blood is band neutrophils?

Answer 6

0% - 5%

Question 7

What percentage of the peripheral blood is lymphocytes?

Answer 7

20% - 40%

Question 8

What percentage of the peripheral blood is monocytes?

Answer 8

3% - 11%

Question 9

What percentage of the peripheral blood is eosinophils?

Answer 9

0% - 5%

Question 10

What percentage of the peripheral blood is basophils?

Answer 10

0% - 1%

Question 11

How many cells are counted in a differential?

Answer 11

100

Question 12

What is the reference interval for WBC in adults?

Answer 12

3,600 - 10,600/uL

Question 13

If the WBC is over 40,000/uL, how many cells should be counted in a differential?

Answer 13

200 cells

Question 14

If the WBC is over 100,000/uL, how many cells should be counted in a differential?

Answer 14

300 or 400 cells

Question 15

How many cells do you count for extremely low cells counts?

Answer 15

Count 50 cells and multiply by two

Question 16

What are the fetal sites of leukopoiesis?

Answer 16

Liver until 1-2 weeks postnatal for granulocytes and monocytes, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus; bone marrow by sixth month

Question 17

What is the site of granulocyte production?

Answer 17

Red bone marrow only

Question 18

What is the primary site of monocyte production?

Answer 18

Bone marrow

Question 19

What are the primary sites of lymphocyte origin?

Answer 19

Thymus, bone marrow, and lymph tissure

Question 20

What are the secondary sites of lymphocyte production?

Answer 20

Spleen, Peyer’s patches, tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes throughout the body

Question 21

Where are lymphocytes stored?

Answer 21

Found circulating in peripheral blood and lymph which brings them to sites of activity

Question 22

Where are granulocytes stored?

Answer 22

They are found in high concentrations is granulocytic pools; bone marrow - peripheral blood - tissues - marginating pool (up against endothelium of blood vessels)

Question 23

What is the size of the myeloblast?

Answer 23

15-20 um

Question 24

What is the N:C ratio of the myeloblast?

Answer 24

4:1 (very little cytoplasm visible)

Question 25

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the myeloblast?

Answer 25

Round to oval; nucleoli visible; fine chromatin

Question 26

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the myeloblast?

Answer 26

Moderate basophilia; no granules

Question 27

What is the size of the promyelocyte?

Answer 27

14-20 um

Question 28

What is the N:C ratio of the promyelocyte?

Answer 28

3:1

Question 29

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the promyelocyte?

Answer 29

Round to oval; nucleoli visible; chromatin slightly courser than a myeloblast

Question 30

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the promyelocyte?

Answer 30

Basophilic; few red to purple granules

Question 31

What is the size of the myelocyte?

Answer 31

12-18 um (getting smaller)

Question 32

What is the N:C ratio of the myelocyte

Answer 32

2:1

Question 33

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the myelocyte?

Answer 33

Round to oval; may have one flattened side; no nucleoli; chromatin getting coarse and more condensed; dawn of neutrophilia usually present

Question 34

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the myelocyte?

Answer 34

Slightly basophilic; few granules

Question 35

What is the size of the metamyelocyte?

Answer 35

10-15 um

Question 36

What is the N:C ratio of the metamyelocyte?

Answer 36

1.5:1

Question 37

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the metamyelocyte?

Answer 37

Indented; kidney bean shape; indentation is less than 50% of the width of hypothetical round nucleus; chromatin is course and clumped

Question 38

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the metamyelocyte?

Answer 38

Pale blue to pink cytoplasm, few granules

Question 39

What is the size of the band neutrophil?

Answer 39

10-15 um

Question 40

What is the N:C ratio of the band neutrophil?

Answer 40

Cytoplasm predominates

Question 41

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the band neutrophil?

Answer 41

Constricted, but no threadlike filament;indentation is more than 50% of the width of a hypothetical round nucleus; chromatin has visible constriction

Question 42

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the band neutrophil?

Answer 42

Pale pink to colorless

Question 43

What is the size of the segmented neutrophil?

Answer 43

10-15 um

Question 44

What is the N:C ratio of the segmented neutrophil?

Answer 44

Cytoplasm predominates

Question 45

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the segmented neutrophil?

Answer 45

2-5 lobes connected by thin filaments, without visible chromatin

Question 46

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the segmented neutrophil?

Answer 46

Pale blue to pink

Question 47

What is the size of the monocyte?

Answer 47

12-20 um

Question 48

What is the is the N:C ratio of the monocyte?

Answer 48

Variable

Question 49

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the monocyte?

Answer 49

Variable; may be round, horseshoe shaped, or kidney shaped; often has folds producing brain-like convolutions

Question 50

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the monocyte?

Answer 50

Blue-gray; may have pseudopods

Question 51

What is a left shift?

Answer 51

An increase in the number of immature leukocytes in the peripheral blood, particularly neutrophil band cells

Question 52

Which cells are responsible for antibody production?

Answer 52

B lymphocytes

Question 53

What is the size of the basophil?

Answer 53

10-14 um

Question 54

What is the N:C ratio of the basophil?

Answer 54

Cytoplasm predominates

Question 55

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the basophil?

Answer 55

Usually two lobes connected by thin filaments without visible chromatin

Question 56

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the basophil?

Answer 56

Lavender to colorless; deep purple to black granules

Question 57

What is the size of the eosinophil

Answer 57

12-17 um

Question 58

What is the N:C ratio of the eosinophil?

Answer 58

Cytoplasm dominates

Question 59

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the eosinophil?

Answer 59

Two to three lobes connected by thin filaments without visible chromatin

Question 60

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the eosinophil?

Answer 60

Cream-colored; may have irregular borders; pale orange to dark orange refractile granules

Question 61

What is the size of the lymphocyte?

Answer 61

7-18 um

Question 62

What is the N:C ratio of the lymphocyte?

Answer 62

5:1 to 2:1

Question 63

What is the appearance of the nucleus of the lymphocyte?

Answer 63

Round to oval; may be slightly indented

Question 64

What is the appearance of the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte?

Answer 64

Scant to moderate; sky blue; vacuoles may be present