LEV Flashcards
(19 cards)
what are the risk factors for a DVT?
post op trauma extended periods of inactivitiy oral contraceptives/ hormones replacement therapy/cancer Clotting disorders( Factor V , May Thurner syndrome) Obesity/ Pregnancy Smoking Age Heart failure Inflammatory disease
What are the symptoms for a DVT
Pain/ cramping/ tendernesss
swelling
REDNESS/ WARMTH
Homan’s sign
What are the venous appearance symptoms?
Brawny/ thick
what are the arterial appearance symptoms?
scaly/ shiny/ thin
What are the complications of a DVT?
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
fatal Shortness of breath chest pain on inspiration/ cough hemoptysis rapid pulse dizziness/ syncope
What are the testing methods for a DVT?
Sono= gold standard but has limitations
D-dimer= False positives( pregnancy, malignancy, liver disease, age, trauma)
CT/ MRI
VENOGRAPHY
VO
What are the treatments for a DVT?
Anticoagulants
Thrombolytics
IVC filter
Compression stockings= postphlebitic syndrome
What are the sonographic characteristics of an acute thrombus?
Vein distention
Minimal- no compresibility (be careful not to compress artery)
Anechoic- Hypoechoic- complex echogenicity
Semi-mobile - mobile
Absent venous flow within thrombus
Peripheral flow seen if nonocclusive
What are the sonographic characteristics of a chronic thrombus?
Normal to small vein size Thick echogenic walls Hyperechoic strands/ bands may be seen Brightly echogenic Fixed- non mobile Recanalization
What are the sonographic findings of a non occlusive thrombus?
Lumen seen of either ( AP and SUP/ INF) of thrombus
Venous flow seen passing around the thrombus
What are the sonographic findings of an occlusive thrombus?
Normal to small vein
Non compressible
Absent blood flow
Follow thrombus extension proximally and distally
What are the three Doppler characteristics?
Spontaneity
Phasicity
Augmentation
Spontaneity
flow should be present
phasicity
flow should demonstrate respiratory changes
When augmented distally
Doppler should show an increase in flow
When augmented proximally
Doppler should show an absence of flow
Constant flow or monophasic flow is seen ___________ to an obstruction
distally
_What causes Pulsatile venous waveforms?
AV fistula or right sided heart failure
What should you check if you seen a pulsatile venous waveform?
check the contralateral side for comparison
