Level 2 Flashcards by B -

We hope that you are successful in this tournament. If we were to translate that previous sentence into Latin (read it again, if necessary), we would use what use of the infinitive?
Bonus: What would be the correct tense of the infinitive in our Latin sentence?
Bonus: What use of the ablative would be in our Latin sentence?

INDIRECT STATEMENT
FUTURE
PLACE WHERE

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What is the difference between the translations of “was being carried” and “was carried”?
Bonus: What imperfect tense shows what type of past action?

WAS BEING CARRIED - IMPERFECT PASSIVE and WAS CARRIED - PERFECT PASSIVE
INCOMPLETE or REPEATED

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A shot from whose bow killed Achilles?

Bonus: What god was said to have guided Paris’ arrow?

PARIS

APOLLO

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An alea or talus was a die (singular of dice) used in games. From what were aleae or tali usually made?
Bonus: The worst throw of the dice was called a canis. What is a canis?

KNUCKLE BONES OF PIGS

DOG

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Identify the common bond: Curiata, Centuriata, Tributa.

Bonus: Which comitium met to confer imperium on a consul or praetor?

COMITIA (accept ASSEMBLIES)

CURIATA

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What is the difference in meaning between the verbs morior and moror?
Bonus: What about solus and soleo?

MORIOR - TO DIE and MOROR - TO STAY

SOLUS - ALONE/ONLY and SOLEO - TO BE ACCUSTOMED

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Who suffered the fate of being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten out daily by an eagle or vulture?
Bonus: Who suffered the fate of being chained to a rock for a sea-monster?

PROMETHEUS

ANDROMEDA

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What was the flamen Dialis?

Bonus: What about the flamen Quirinalis?

PRIEST OF JUPITER

PRIEST OF QUIRINUS, THE DEIFIED ROMULUS

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Today’s date is March 30th. Express that date as a first century AD Roman would understand it (you may use the appropriate abbreviations).
Qui dies est ante diem septem Kalendas Maias
Bonus: Now give the date without abbreviations.
Bonus: The year is AD 1996. Express that as a Roman would understand it A.U.C.

AD III Kal. Apr.
APRIL 25
ANTE DIEM III (TRES) KALENDAS APRILES
A.U.C. MCMXCVI

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What case is used to show place where with the names of cities and towns?
Bonus: Titus decided to stay at Athens. Translate the place construction in that sentence into Latin.

LOCATIVE

ATHENIS

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Identify the common bond: audeo, soleo, gaudeo.

Bonus: Give the last principal parts of each of those verbs.

SEMI-DEPONENT VERBS

AUSUS and SOLITUS and GAUDEO

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Name, in order, the seven kings of Rome.

Bonus: Which Sabine king ruled briefly with Romulus?

ROM., NUM. POMP., T. HOST., ANC. MARC., TARQ. PRIS., SERV. TULL., and TARQ. SUP.
TITUS TATIUS

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Give the Latin and English for the abbreviation R.I.P.

Bonus: What use of the subjunctive is this?

REQUIESCAT IN PACE - MAY HE REST IN PEACE

OPTATIVE or HORTATORY or JUSSIVE

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Who sent Jason to fetch the golden fleece?
Bonus: Jason had to fetch the golden fleece (and some say avenge the murder of Phrixus) in order to regain the throne from Pelias who had murdered Jason’s father. Name him.

PELIAS

NELEUS

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What did the Romans call the Black Sea?

Bonus: What do we know as the Mare Germanicum?

PONTUS EUXINUS

NORTH SEA

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What editor’s or proof-reader’s mark was is used to cancel a deletion or other change previously made to a manuscript or proof?
Bonus: What does this term mean?

STET

“LET IT STAND”

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Identify the common bond: far, camillus, pronuba.

Bonus: What was the meaning of feliciter, shouted at the wedding party as they paraded home?

CONFARREATIO WEDDING

GOOD LUCK or HAPPINESS

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Errare humanum est. Why is humanum neuter?
Bonus: The little-known correct completion of this phrase is “To correct is divine.” Is this use of the infinitive subjective, objective, or complementary?

INFINITIVES ARE INHERENTLY NEUTER AND TAKE A NEUTER PREDICATE
SUBJECTIVE

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Distinguish in meaning between rex, regia, and regnum.
Bonus: Using the verb rego, regere, rexi, rectum meaning “to rule”, translate into Latin “The kingdom had been ruled by the king in the palace.”

REX - “KING”; REGIA - “PALACE”; and REGNUM - “KINGDOM”

REGNUM A REGE IN REGIA REGNUM ERAT

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In what year was Octavian named Augustus by the Senate?

Bonus: What was the term for emperor, which basically meant “chief citizen”?

27 BC

PRINCEPS

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Distinguish in meaning between vis and vis.

Bonus: What is the Latin and English for the abbreviation of viz.?

“YOU WISH” and VIS - “FORCE” (not STRENGTH, THAT IS ONLY FOR THE PLURAL)
VIDELICET - “CLEARLY, OBVIOUSLY”

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The Nones fall on the 5th and the Ides on the 13th of every month except which four?
Bonus: What were the original names of the months Julius and Augustus?

MARCH, MAY, JULY, OCTOBER

QUINCTILIS and SEXTILIS

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Hercules perfomed twelve labors to attone for killing his first wife in a fit of rage. Who was this unfortunate woman?
Bonus: Who was Hercules’ second wife who inadvertently brought about his death?

MEGARA

DEIANIRA

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Who was the author of the Ab Urbe Condita?

Bonus: Who was the author of the Lives of the Twelve Caesars?

LIVY

SUETONIUS

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Give the first person singular, imperfect passive subjunctive of the verb from which we derive the noun "expulsion". Bonus: Change to the pluperfect.

EXPELLERER | EXPULSUS ESSEM

What tough Roman king was responsible for the destruction of Alba Longa? Bonus: Who had founded Alba Longa?

TULLUS HOSTILIUS | ASCANIUS

What is the perfect active infinitive of the verb from which we derive the English noun "spectator." Bonus: Change to the future active infinitive.

SPECTAVISSE | SPECTATURUS ESSE

Economists often speak of per capita income. What does per capita mean? Bonus: Rome has been called the caput mundi. What does this mean?

FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL | THE CENTER OF THE WORLD

Arrange these lements of a Roman boy's education in the proper sequence: rhetor, grammaticus, ludus litterarius. Bonus: Name one of the two Greek elements of a youth's training that the Roman's considered mere frills.

LUDUS LITTERARIUS, GRAMMATICUS, RHETOR | MUSIC or PHYS. ED. or GYMNASTICS

What is the term for an uninvited dinner guest? | Bonus: Umbrae would not be given food from the main course but frusta instead. What is this?

UMBRA | SCRAPS or LEFT-OVERS

Which god carried the thyrsus? | Bonus: What was Mercury's wand called?

DIONYSUS or BACCHUS | CADUCEUS

What is the third person singular, imperfect indicative of the verb from which we get the English word "patience"? Bonus: Change patiebatur to the subjunctive.

PATIEBATUR | PATERETUR

In the use of Roman numerals, what does it mean when there is a bar over the numerals? Bonus: What did it mean when a Roman numeral had a bar on top and on the left and right?

X 1000 | X 1,000,000

What river served as the geographical boundary of Italy and Cisalpine Gaul? Bonus: What large river in Northern Italy is fed by the Alps and serves as a major agricultural resource?

RUBICON | PO

The editor said that the next edition of the book would be out within three years. Translate the time construction into Latin. Bonus: The first edition was released two years ago. Translate that time construction.

TRIBUS ANNIS | ABHINC DUOS ANNOS

Who were the Gemini? | Bonus: Who were the Atridae?

CASTOR and POLLUX | AGAMEMNON and MENELAUS

Who was awarded a triumph in 81 BC, 71BC, and 61BC and the consulship in 70 BC, 55BC, and 52 BC although he was not a man of senatorial rank? Bonus: Who (reluctantly) cognominated Pompey "Magnus" in 81 BC?

POMPEY (THE GREAT) | SULLA

Translate into Latin: "Part of the boys and all of the girls." Bonus: How would you say "A few of us?"

PARS PUERORUM ET OMNES PUELLAE | PAUCI NOSTRUM

Identify the common bond: Tellus, Gaea, Terra. | Bonus: Identify: Bona Dea, Magna Mater, Cybele.

``` MOTHER EARTH (or MOTHER GODDESS) THE GREAT MOTHER GODDESS ```

The motto of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is "Mens et manus." Translate. Bonus: What is the meaning of Harvard's motto: Veritas?

MIND AND HAND | TRUTH

What Greek enchantress turned Odysseus' men into swine and detained him for a year? Bonus: On what island did this take place?

CIRCE | AEAEA

Numa Pompilius is said to have added two months to the original ten-month calendar. What two months did he add? Bonus: Who further reformed the calendar in 45 BC?

JANUARY and FEBRUARY | JULIUS CAESAR

You have reached the final round of competition. Now is not the time to rest on your laurels. What does that phrase mean? Bonus: Since the laurel was also associated with poetic or prophetic inspiration, what is the title of a nation's greatest poet?

TO BE CONTENT OR SATISFIED WITH ONE'S ACCOMPLISHMENTS | POET LAUREATE

What English adjective meaning "overly rash or bold" refers to the son of Daedalus who did not heed his father's warning and flew too close to the son? Bonus: What is the meaning of the English adjective "daedalian"?

ICARIAN | INTRICATE or COMPLEX

Who am I? I was a pupil of Aristotle and often dreamed of world conquest. I consolidated Macedonia's hold on Greece and them took control of Asia, Egypt, and Syria. In 326 BC I ordered the Greeks to consider me a god and I found an Egyptian oracle to confirm it. By 325 BC I was in control of a huge territory stretching from Macedonia to India. Bonus: At what young age did I die?

ALEXANDER THE GREAT | 32

A sign from ancient Pompeii advertises games to be held on the day before the Kalends of June. They advertise venatio et vela erunt. What is a venatio and in what form does a venatio survive in the world today? Bonus: What was the meaning of vela erunt?

AN ANIMAL HUNT; BULL-FIGHTING | THERE WILL BE AWNINGS OVER THE AMPHITHEATER

What is the Latin for "a horn of plenty," signifying any particularly abundant source? Bonus: One myth lists the origin of the cornucopia as a horn which was broken off of what goat which nourished Zeus as a infant?

CORNUCOPIA | ALMATHEA

Distinguish in meaning between tamen and tandem. Bonus: If the main clause of a Latin sentence contains tamen, how do you translate the cum in the subordinate clause? Bonus: What is the difference between tam and tum?

TAMEN - "HOWEVER" and TANDEM - "FINALLY" "ALTHOUGH" TAM - "SO" and TUM - "THEN"

Identify the common bond: Ptolemy II, Pyrrhus, Hannibal. | Bonus: The Romans never used elephants much in battle, but in what other activity did they use them?

USED ELEPHANTS IN BATTLE | ARENA

The authority of a pater familias over his descendants was called what? Bonus: What was a husband's authority over his wife called?

PATRIA POTESTAS | MANUS

If someone tells you to take some information cum grano salis, what do they mean? Bonus: If someone says the information is bona fide, what does she mean?

WITH GRAIN OF SALT meaning WITH CERTAIN RESERVATION OF BELIEF IN GOOD FAITH/TRUE AND BELIEVABLE

After what battle and in wht year did Julius Caesar send back the famous phrase "Veni! Vidi! Vici!"? Bonus: At what battle in what year did Caesar succeed in becoming an autocrat, having defeated all of his political opponents?

ZELA IN 47 BC | PHARSALUS IN 48BC

What god was said to have been the father of Servius Tullius? Bonus: Though born to a slave-woman, Servius Tullius was marked for greatness when what occured when he was a baby?

VULCAN (not HEPHAESTUS) | A BLUE FLAME WAS SEEN FLICKERING AROUND HIS HEAD

"Marcus remained in Sicily for ten months." Translate the time construnction in that sentence into Latin: Bonus: "When he arrives home, we will have a huge banquet." Using a cum clause and the verb advenio, advenire, translate the phrase "When he arrives home..."

DECEM MENSES | CUM DOMUM ADVENERIT

What kingdom did Attalus bequeath to Rome in 133BC? | Bonus: Pergamum was located on the western shore of what large eastern peninsula?

PERGAMUM | ASIA MINOR or TURKEY

Identify the common bond: mane, cliens, sportula. | Bonus: What was the sportula?

ELEMENTS OF THE SALUTATIO | BASKET OF FOOD or SMALL GIFT OF MONEY

Answer the following question in Roman numerals: Multiply the number of indicative tenses by the number of persons, add the number of voices and divide the whole sum by the number of subjunctive tenses. Bonus: Responde Latine: Multiply the number of cases (not including vocative and locative) by the number of declensions and subtract the sum of the number of genders and numbers.

V | VIGINTI

Translate the motto of the City College of New York: Respice, Adspice, Prospice. Bonus: What is the translation of the motto of North Carolina: Esse Quam Videri?

"LOOK TO THE PAST, LOOK AT THE PRESENT, LOOK TO THE FUTURE" | "TO BE RATHER THAN TO SEEM"

"Titus said that he was happy with the new arrangements." Give the correct form of the infinitive in that sentence. Bonus: "Titus said that he would be happy." Translate the infinitive in that sentence.

ESSE | FUTURUM ESSE

Which of the following is not a deponent verb: moror, morior, fruor, uxor, and vescor? Bonus: Which of the verbs above (i.e. moror, morior, fruor, and vescor) take an object in the ablative?

UXOR | FRUOR and VESCOR

Responde latine. Quot cohortes in legione sunt? | Bonus: Responde latine. Quot centuriones in cohorte?

DECEM | SEX

Had his men not let the cat out of the bag, so to speak, Odysseus might have made it home from Troy in the first year of his voyage. What was it that the sailors let out of the bag? Bonus 1: What minor god gave Odysseus the present that ended up hurting him when his men opened it without authorization and let all the winds escape? Bonus 2: What goddess, still angry at Aeneas and the Trojans, asked Aeolus to shipwreck them when they are attempting to sail from Sicily to Italy?

THE WINDS AEOLUS JUNO

The decisive battle between Pompey and Caesar occurred at Pharsalus in 48 B.C. After his defeat, Pompey fled to Alexandria. How was he received there? Bonus: Whom did Caesar attempt to reinstate on the throne of Egypt after he pursued Pompey to Alexandria?

HE WAS KILLED (BY ORDER OF PTOLEMY) | CLEOPATRA

What is unusual about verbs of favoring, helping, pleasing, and trusting with regard to their grammatical usage? Bonus: Give four other type of verbs that would take the dative.

THEIR OBJECTS ARE IN THE DATIVE CASE | THE OPPOSITES OF THOSE ABOVE, BELIEF, PERSUASION, COMMAND, OBEY, SERVE, RESIST, ENVY, THREATEN, PARDON, and SPARE

In a Roman household, what was the special duty of a coquus? | Bonus: Translate quid coquitur?

COOKING | WHAT'S COOKING?

Sometimes you just have to face it; one woman in the ancient world was just stone cold ugly. You wouldn't want to face her, the reflection in your shield would be safer. Who was she? Bonus: What famous creature sprang from the blood of Medusa? Bonus: What god was reputed to have sired Pegasus?

MEDUSA PEGASUS POSEIDON/NEPTUNE

Hamilcar Barca expanded Carthage's empire by conquering parts of Spain. He also fathered one of the greatest generals the world has seen. Who was this Carthaginian general? Bonus: Whose war tactic of encirclement did Scipio Africanus adopt to defeat Hannibal at Zama?

HANNIBAL | HANNIBAL'S

What degree of adjective would be used to express that something is too heavy? Bonus: Say in Latin: The rock is too heavy.

COMPARATIVE | SAXUM GRAVIUS EST.

Give the four irregular (they lack their final -e) imperative singular verbs. Bonus: Give the plural imperatives of duc and fer. We all know the phrase cave canem. Now make that phrase plural.

DIC, DUC, FAC, FER DUCITE, FERTE CAVETE CANES

What was the name of the slave who was thrown to the lions but was not killed because the fiercest lion recognized him as a friend? Bonus: What had Androcles done that had earned the friendship of this lion?

ANDROCLES/ANDROCLUS | HE'D REMOVED A THORN FROM HIS PAW

Which of the following fruits did the Romans not grow: apples, cherries, grapes, oranges, pears, peaches? Bonus: Give the Roman names of two of the fruits above.

ORANGES | MALUM, CERASUM, UVA, PIRUM, PERSICUM

What hero captured Pegasus at Corinth and later killed the Chimera? Bonus: How did Bellerophon die?

BELLOROPHON | HE WAS FLUNG OFF PEGASUS WHILE WHILE TRYING TO FLY TO MT. OLYMPUS

Sometimes certamen questions can seem to go on endlessly. What Latin expression expresses "endlessly"? Bonus: What is the expression that means from the beginning, literally translated "from the egg"?

AD INFINITUM | AB OVO

What Latin word would introduce the subordinate clause in the following sentence: "We held back so that the other teams would ring in first." Bonus: What do we call the type of subordinate clause in this sentence: "We asked that they accompany us"?

UT | UT CLAUSE OF INDIRECT COMMAND

Romans thought that eating butter was barbaric. What did they use instead? Bonus: What, in Latin and English, did Romans use to sweeten foods?

OLIVE OIL | MEL/HONEY

Even while denying the rumor, who divorced his wife after it was said that Publius Clodius Pulcher had disturbed the rites of the Bona Dea in order to be with her? Bonus: Who was this wife? Bonus: What reason did Caesar give for divorcing Pompeia?

JULIUS CAESAR POMPEIA THAT CAESAR'S WIFE MUST BE ABOVE SUSPICION

Give the three participles and their meanings from the verb scribo. Bonus: Translate the participle in the following sentence: Thisbe, intending to die, drew Pyramus' dagger.

SCRIBENS- WRITING, SCRIBENTUS/A/UM- HAVING WRITTEN, and SCRIPTURUS/A/UM- ABOUT TO WRITE MORITURA

Translate the relative pronoun in the following sentence into Latin: I saw the girl who was sitting under the tree. Bonus: Translate "who was sitting" from that sentence using only a present active participle.

QUAE | SEDENTEM

Of potatoes, corn, tomatoes, and onions, which would an ancient Roman have eaten? Bonus: Which of the following would a Roman have most readily drunk: oleum, vinum, lac

ONIONS | VINUM

In early Roman history the new year began on March 1st. At that time what was the name of the fifth month? Bonus: After Julius Caesar reformed the calendar, this month was renamed Iulius. Why was this month chosen to honor Caesar?

QUINCTILIS | IT WAS THE MONTH OF HIS BIRTH

What Greek god is said to have invented the lyre out of a tortoise shell? Bonus: Who is his son who invented the syrinx or reed pipe?

HERMES | PAN

The subjunctive gets its name because it is often yoked under a main verb. When that main clause contains an adjective or adverb expressing degree, what type of subordinate clause are you most likely to find? Bonus: What words would introduce the result clause in the following sentence: The man in front of me was so tall that I was not able to see.

RESULT CLAUSE | UT NON

A fiat is a decree or order. What is the literal meaning of the Latin word fiat? Bonus: What use of the subjunctive is that?

LET IT BE DONE/LET IT HAPPEN | JUSSIVE/HORTATORY

Put the following four people in chronological order of their deaths: Cicero, Tiberius, Augustus, Antony. Bonus: In what year did Cicero die?

C, An, Au, T | 43 BC

What was the expression used for a man such as Cicero who became consul without having a distinguished family? Bonus: How long was a censor in office?

NOVUS HOMO | 18 MONTHS

Who were Helen of Troy’s twin brothers, the Dioscuri, sons of Leda who were said to live half their time on earth, half in Heaven? Bonus 1: What sign of the zodiac with what meaning do we get from these brothers? Bonus 2: Tell me in Latin how many signs of the zodiac there are.

CASTOR and POLLUX GEMINI, TWINS DUODECIM

Using a deponent verb, say in Latin "Marcus is speaking." | Bonus: Using the same two verbs, tell Marcus to speak.

MARCUS LOQUITUR | LOQUERE, MARCE

Using an ablative absolute, say in Latin, "While Marcus was speaking, Julia listened." Bonus: Now translate, "While Marcus and Julia were speaking, no one listened."

MARCO LOQUENTE, IULIA AUDIVIT | MARCO AND IULIA LOQUENTIBUS, NEMO AUDIVIT.

Who was Caesar's nominal co-consul during the consulship of Julius and Caesar? Bonus: Why did Bibulus not often leave his house?

BIBULUS | HE WAS CONSTANTLY TAKING THE OMENS

Give the name for the fish sauce which Romans savored on their food. Bonus: Using the verb, aspergo, aspergere, aspersi, aspersum, say in Latin "asparagus sprinkled with garum"

GARUM | ASPARAGUS ASPERSUS GARO

What daughter of one of the original Olympians was abducted by her uncle while she was picking flowers in a field? Bonus: Zeus did not always have a very respectful view of women, and so you would think that he wouldn't have been too concerned about his brother's actions. He felt the need to intervene for the return of Persephone, however, because what was happening as a result of Demeter's grief?

PERSEPHONE/PROSPERINA | THE CROPS WERE FAILING

Translate the adjective in the following sentence: I think that the work of mothers is very hard. Bonus: Translate the entire sentence.

DIFFICILLIMUM | PUTO/OPINOR LABOREM MATREM DIFFICILLIMUM ESSE

Every certamen has to have a tricky round which is always a little harder. Watch out and stay on your toes. If the first sentence I just read were in Latin, what would be the word for "a little"? Bonus: What is the name of that construction?

PAULO | ABLATIVE DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE

When the Romans wanted to humiliate a defeated enemy, what custom did they have for those who had surrendered? Bonus: What Numidian king made the Roman army of Albinus walk under the yoke and lived to regret it when he was captured by Marius in 106 B.C.?

SUBJUGATION/PLACING UNDER THE YOLK | JUGURTHA

What was the food and drink of the gods is a commonly asked question, and as we all know it was nectar and ambrosia. However, do you know what Greek god introduced a new drink to the his fellow deities? The Latin name for this new concoction is vinum. Bonus: What was unusual about Bacchus' birth?

DIONYSUS | HIS MOTHER WAS KILLED BEFORE HE WAS BORN AND SO HE GREW IN ZEUS' THIGH

White is the traditional color for brides in America. In ancient Rome, however, it was something like saffron. American brides wear their rings on the third (some say fourth) finger of their left hands. Where did Roman brides wear them? Bonus: What words did a Roman bride recite at her wedding?

ON THE SAME FINGER | UBI TU GAIUS, EGO GAIA.

The Latin verb partire is to share, and it provides the basis for what part of speech that shares the functions of a verb and an adjective? Bonus: Name the Latin participles.

PARTICIPLE | PRESENT ACTIVE, PERFECT PASSIVE, FUTURE ACTIVE+PASSIVE

Deponent verbs are a bit unusual, doing the most unexpected things at times. What is a little odd about the future passive participle of a deponent verb? Bonus: Give the participles and meanings from hortor.

IT HAS A PASSIVE MEANING | HORTANS- ENCOURAGING, HORTATUS- HAVING ENCOURAGED, HORTATURUS-ABOUT TO ENCOURAGE, HORTANDUS- TO BE ENCOURAGED

A major road was built between Capua and Rome in 312 B.C. It was later expanded to Brundisium. It was constructed during the censorship of Appius Claudius. It was partially lined with what type of structure, one of the most famous of which belongs to Caecilia Metella? Bonus: Why were people buried along the Appian Way rather than near their homes in the city?

TOMBS | IT WAS ILLEGAL TO BURY PEOPLE IN ROME

Medusa was once a beautiful woman, but she turned so ugly that anyone who looked at her became stone. Perseus was able to kill her while she was asleep, however, but he couldn't kill her sisters. Why not? Bonus: How many sisters did Medusa have, and what were their names?

THEY WERE IMMORTAL | TWO: STHENO and EURYALE

How many years was Julius Caesar Pontifex Maximus? Bonus: Augustus allowed his former triumvir Lepidus to remain pontifex maximus until his death in 12 B.C. Augustus then assumed the office and held it until the end of his reign. How long was Augustus pontifex maximus?

20 (63-44 BC) | 26 (12 BC-AD 14)

Once you've figured it out, translate the prepositional phrase "in the following sentence". Bonus: Translate this sentence into Latin.

``` IN SEQUENTI (-E) SENTENTIA REDDE LATINE HANC SENTENTIAM (TRANSFER, VERTE, ETC. IN LINGUAM LATINAM) ```

Give the translation of and the type of clause used in "Iaceant canes dormientes." Bonus: The hortatory/jussive subjunctive is different from other subjunctives in that it is used in independent clauses. Give another independent use.

LET SLEEPING DOGS LIE, HORTATORY/JUSSIVE | OPTATIVE, POTENTIAL, DELIBERATIVE

Cerberus was lulled to sleep by what Greek minstrel? | Bonus: Cerberus also fell asleep when Aeneas and the Sybil went to the underworld. Why was that?

ORPHEUS | THE SYBIL TOSSED HIM HONEY AND DRUGGED MEAT

A censor was a Roman official who took the census and had control over public morals. They served for a term of 18 months but often were elections held for the office? Bonus: How many censors were there at one time?

EVERY FIVE YEARS | TWO

In July of 44 B.C. Octavian staged the Ludi Victoriae Caesaris to fulfill a vow to his adopted father. It is said that during this time the sidus Iulium appeared. What was the sidus Iulium? Bonus: What did this star or comet supposedly signify?

THE JULIAN STAR | THAT JULIUS CAESAR HAD BECOME A GOD

What word would introduce the subordinate clause in the following sentence? He sent men to explore the territory. Bonus: What type of subordinate clause is this?

QUI | RELATIVE CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

Keeping with the relative pronoun theme for the moment, I would like for the person whom I recognize to tell me what relative pronoun would be used if this whole sentence were translated into Latin. Bonus: In that same long sentence, what case, number, and gender would "keeping" be?

QUEM | NOMINATIVE, SINGULAR, MASC/FEM (DEPENDS ON THE GENDER OF THE MODERATOR)

The last Roman emperor in the West was deposed in 476 A.D. Give his name as well as the name of his deposer. Bonus: In religious matters, Odoacer was of the Arian persuasion. This heresy which taught that Christ was a creature rather than God from eternity had been condemned at the Council of Nicaea which was convened by what Emperor? Bonus: What disastrous event occurred in 1204, from which the Empire never really recovered?

ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS, ODOACER CONSTANTINE CONSTANTINOPLE WAS CAPTURED BY THE CRUSADERS

What Athenian prince contributed to his father's death by his own carelessness in forgetting to hoist the proper sails on his return from Crete where he had killed the minotaur? Bonus: Who was his father, how did he die, and what geographical name do we have from that?

THESEUS | AEGEUS, HE LEPFT INTO THE SEA, AEGEAN SEA

Divide the number of Vestal Virgins into the minimum number of years a Vestal had to serve, et responde Latine. Bonus: What was the punishment for impurity in a Vestal?

QUINQUE | SHE WAS BURIED ALIVE

The verbs volo, nolo, and malo follow a similar pattern. This should be no surprise, since nolo and malo both use volo as a root. Of what two phrases, with their literal meanings, are these verbs contractions? Bonus: Conjugate volo completely in the present indicative.

NON VOLO-NOT TO WANT; MAGIS VOLO-TO WANT MORE | VOLO, VIS, VULT, VOLUMUS, VULTUS, VOLUNT

Congratulations on making it into the Final Round of the 2000 Ad Fontes Certamen. Give me the Latin noun and its English meaning from which our word "final" derives. Bonus 1: Give the word in its nominative and genitive plural along with its plural meaning. Bonus 2: Give another Latin word with the meaning "territory."

FINIS, FINIS, END/BOUNDARY/LIMIT FINES, FINIUM, COUNTRY/TERRITORY/LAND AGER, AGRI/REGIO, REGIONIS

I was a legate during the year 109 during the Jurgurthine War. Two years later I became consul. I abolished the property qualification for the army, thus recruiting volunteers. I captured Jurgurtha, but am perhaps\\ even better know for my conflict with the man who was then my senior legate, Sulla. Bonus 1: Marius was helped in achieving the consulship in that he had married advantageously a patrician named Julia. What relation was this woman to Julius Caesar? Bonus 2:What famous comment did Sulla once make about Caesar that pertained to his uncle by marriage?

MARIUS HIS AUNT "I SEE MANY A MARIUS IN HIM"

What Roman magistrate was assigned the task of keeping the streets clean? Additionally he had to entertain the public and host annual games. Bonus 1: If a politician skipped the aedileship, what next office in the cursus honorum did he seek? Bonus 2: What are the three traditional offices of the cursus honorum?

AEDILE PRAETORSHIP QUAESTOR, PRAETOR, CONSUL

What beast of mythology is, according to Homer, "lion in front, snake behind, and she-goat in the middle"? Bonus: Describe the hybrid sphinx that terrorized the Thebans until Oedipus caused her death.

CHIMERA | HUMAN HEAD, BODY OF A LION (POSSIBLY WITH WINGS)

In America, it's usually only little children who say the word "beautifuler," but that was not the case in Rome. What perfectly correct Latin word conveys the same idea? Bonus 1: Make pulchrior superlative. Bonus 2: I don't know whether little kids might say "suitable-er". I doubt it. I doubt Roman kids tried it either, though they might have. How did Roman adults say "more suitable"?

PULCHRIOR/PULCHRIUS PULCHERRIMUS/A MAGIS IDONEUS

Responde Latine. Quis dixit "Speculum, speculum in muro. Quis pulcherrima omnium est?" Bonus 1: Yes, it was the queen in "Snow White and the Seven Dwarves." Of those septem homunculi, who were Medicus, Laetus, et Somniculosus? Bonus 2: What about "Querens?"

REGINA (MALA IN NIVEA) DOC, HAPPY, and SLEEPY GRUMPY

Well, we'll move away from our modern mythology back to some ancient. If Clytemnestra had had a magic mirror and had asked it who was the fairest of them all in her day, what would the mirror have told her? Bonus 1: In what two ways were Helen and Clytemnestra related? Bonus 2: We don't know whether Clytemnestra was jealous of her sister, but she didn't take kindly to her husband's being gone at Troy for ten years and coming home with a Trojan princess. Who was the princess who was killed by this jealous wife?

HELEN THEY WERE SISTERS AND SISTERS-IN-LAW CASSANDRA

The suicide of what wife of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus led to the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome by Lucius Junius Brutus? Bonus 1: What was the full name of the king that Brutus drove from Rome? Bonus 2: What Etruscan ruler did Tarquin the Proud enlist to help him retake Rome?

LUCRETIA LUCIUS TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS (LAST KING OF ROME) LARS PORSENNA

What art-form, composed of tesserae and glue or cement, did the Romans perfect? Bonus 1: In reference to the question above, what is a tessera? Bonus 2: What architectural feature did the Romans perfect which allowed them to complete such magnificent buildings as the Pantheon?

MOSAICS A SMALL PIECE OF STONE, WOOD, or GLASS; TILE THE DOME

This verb does NOT mean "I do not know." What is the correct meaning of the ignosco? Bonus 1: What case does ignosco govern? Bonus 2: What Latin word does mean "I do not know"?

TO FORGIVE/PARDON/OVERLOOK DATIVE NESCIO/IGNORO

The fifth declension has only a few words in common use. Which fifth declension word is used in countless idioms such as "grain," "deeds" and "republic"? Bonus 1: How do you say "deeds" using res? Bonus 2: How do you say "revolution" using res?

RES, REI RES GESTAE RES NOVAE

Emperors in the mid-third century were often depicted on coins wearing coronae radiatae. These spiky crown were meant to evoke what celestial object? Bonus 1: Constantine was one of the first Roman emperors to depict himself on coins wearing a diadem. He was associating himself with kings of what Greek realm who had worn the diadem? Bonus 2: What sort of crown did Augustus wear on his coinage?

THE SUN MACEDONIC OR HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS NONE OR A LAUREL WREATH

Each cyclops had only one eye, but what three aged sisters possessed only one eye among the three of them? Bonus 1: What hero stole their eye in order to learn how to find the Garden of the Hesperides? Bonus 2: The Graiae not only had just one eye, but also only one of what other body part which the rest of us have many of?

THE GRAIAE PERSEUS TOOTH

The biggest encyclopedia of the ancient world was compiled by what author and politician who perished during the rescue operations at Vesuvius? Bonus 1: Pliny's last days are known to us from a letter written by whom? Bonus 2: Pliny the Younger is famous for his correspondence, and one of his letters is an early account of Christian worship as well as Roman persecution. To what emperor was this letter addressed?

C. PLINIUS SECUNDUS/PLINY THE ELDER C. PLINIUS JOCUNDUS/PLINY THE YOUNGER TRAJAN

Change factus sum to the future tense. Bonus 1: Make that imperfect subjunctive. Bonus 2: Say in Latin, " I know that Caesar became dictator"

FIAM FIEREM SCIO CAESAREM DICTATOREM FACTUM

Name two subordinate clauses that regularly use the subjunctive in the perfect and pluperfect tenses. Bonus 1: What type of subordinate clause normally uses only present and imperfect subjunctive? Bonus 2: Say in Latin, "Our teacher encouraged us to come today!"

INDIRECT QUESTION, FEARING, CUM RESULT NOSTER MAGISTER NOS HORTATUS EST UT HODIE VENIREMUS

Which king is credited with reorganizing the Roman army and building a wall around the city? Bonus 1: Roman historians believed that Servius Tullius had what origin? Bonus 2: How did Servius Tullius die?

SERVIUS TULLIUS SLAVE IN TARQUIN'S HOUSEHOLD MURDER VIA TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS

Before drinking their wine, with what did the Greeks and Romans usually mix it? Bonus: Passus is an adjective meaning "dried"? As a noun, it refers to wine made from what?

WATER | RAISINS

Before Paris, Troy had a reputation for treachery. What king of Troy accepted Heracles' offer to kill a sea monster but then reneged on giving Heracles the divine horses Zeus had given him? Bonus 1: Heracles sacked Troy in his anger over this treachery. He kidnapped the princess whom he had saved from the sea monster and gave her to Telamon as a bride. Who was this princess? Bonus 2: Heracles also killed the traitor Laomedon as well as all of his sons except one. What is Podarces' more familiar name?

LAOMEDON HESIONE PRIAM

When recognized, please perform the following command. Te in pavimento sedente, pone manus in capite. Bonus 1: Give all the words that were in the ablative in the command and explain their function. Bonus 2:Translate the command I gave earlier (Te in pavimento sedente, pone manus in capite), but the trick is that you have to keep a similar meaning and grammar while using at least four derivatives from the Latin words in the command. You may, of course, be verbose.

SIT ON THE FLOOR AND PUT THEIR HANDS ON THEIR HEAD TE, SEDENTE- PART OF AN ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE; PAVIMENTO, CAPITE- PLACE WHERE WHILE YOU ARE IN A SEDENTARY POSITION ON THE PAVEMENT, POSITION YOUR MANICURED PARTS ON THE CAPITAL PORTION OF YOUR BODY

Which of the following is not a deponent verb: conor, hortor, amor, and moror? Bonus: What is deponent verb?

AMOR | A VERB THAT LOOKS PASSIVE BUT ACTS ACTIVE

Quot annos Graeci Troiam obsidebant? | Bonus: What case was your answer and for what reason?

DECEM | ACCUSATIVE OF EXTENT OF TIME

Give the Roman numeral for the year in which Julius Caesar was assassinated. Bonus: Give the Roman numeral for the year in which Julius Caesar became Pontifex Maximus, Cicero as consul exposed the Catalinarian conspiracy, and Augustus was born.

XLIV | LXIII

Participles share the functions of what two parts of speech? Bonus: Give the translation of the participle in the following sentence: Loving grammar, the students were eager to answer the question.

VERBS AND ADJECTIVES | AMANTES

The only year that Cicero (one such "novus homo") was consul was 63 B.C. Whose conspiracy did he put down at that time? Bonus: What future emperor was born during this year?

CATALINE'S | AUGUSTUS

There is a story in the Bible about two missionaries, Paul and Barnabas, who perform a miracle in Phrygia. The people of the town immediately conclude that these two men are Zeus and Hermes, and they want to show their devotion by offering sacrifices. The people were probably remembering the story of the punishment that had befallen a town that failed to extend hospitality to these two gods and wanted to avoid that for themselves. What was that punishment? Bonus: Who were the elderly couple who escaped punishment, and what was their reward?

THE TOWN WAS TURNED INTO A SWAMP AND THE PEOPLE DROWNED | BAUCIS AND PHILEMON WHO BECAME GUARDS OF A TEMPLE AND TURNED INTO INTERTWINING TREES

What is the modern equivalent of a praetor? | Bonus: What about a quaestor?

JUDGE | TREASURER

Who had to go on pushing a rock up a hill ad infinitum in Hades? Bonus: For what crime was he being punished?

SISYPHUS | CHEATING DEATH BY NOT RETURNING TO THE UNDERWORLD

Quis sum? Sum filia deae antiquae. Ambulabam in campis, ubi frater meae matris me cepit et me ad infernos duxit. Bonus: Quis erat frater matris Proserpinae, qui puellam cepit?

PROSPERINA/PERSEPHONE | PLUTO

Quot sunt bis decem? | Bonus: Quot sunt quinquaginta minus viginti quinque plus tres?

VIGINTI | DUEDETRIGINTA

What degree of adjective would be used to express that something is very short? Bonus: Translate into Latin: The story is very short.

SUPERLATIVE | FABULA EST BREVISSIMA

"The story is very short" is a statement of fact and uses a verb in the indicative mood. If Marcus said that the story was very short, however, what would be different about the verb "was"? Bonus: Translate the sentence.

IT WOULD BE AN INFINITVE | MARCUS DIXIT FABULAM BREVISSIMAM ESSE

This god began stealing on the very day he was born. After taking cattle from Apollo, he killed a tortoise and created the lyre. Who was this swift footed son of Zeus who soon became a messenger of the gods? Bonus: What is the name for the winged staff that Hermes often carries?

HERMES/MERCURY | CADUCEUS

In a Roman household, what was the special duty of a ianitor? Bonus: What was the job of the paedogogus?

DOORKEEPER | TO ESCORT CHILDREN TO AND FROM SCHOOL

What creature often associated with Egypt had the body of a lion and the head of a human and sometimes wings? Bonus: After answering her question correctly, who killed the sphinx that was tormenting Thebes?

SPHINX | OEDIPUS

What mood is used when action is seen as hypothetical, potential, or unreal? Bonus: Name the tenses of the subjunctive.

SUBJUNCTIVE | PRESENT, IMPERFECT, PERFECT, PLUPERFECT

Name the two possible uses of the subjunctive in the following sentence: Let us encourage one another to answer quickly.

HORTATORY AND INDIRECT COMMAND

Which emperor spent a number of years of his step-father's reign on the island of Rhodes because of disaffection? After he had been emperor for a number of years, he chose a voluntary exile on the island of Capri. Bonus: Who succeeded Tiberius?

TIBERIUS | CALIGULA

Give the present active imperatives (singular and plural) of fero. Bonus: Give the four principal parts of that verb

FER, FERTE | FERO, FERRE, TULI, LATUM

Who am I? I was the king of Mycenae and was living contentedly until I had to go off to war. That was the beginning of my troubles. When I tried to set sail from Aulis, Artemis who was angry at me for a rash boast, would not let the wind stop blowing. She required the sacrifice of my daughter before she would let us sail. I agreed. After ten years at Troy, I finally got my brother's wife back for him, but when I returned home, I was killed by my own wife. Bonus: Who were Agamemnon's daughter and wife, referred to above?

AGAMEMNON | IPHEGENA AND CLYTEMNESTRA

From what material were most togas and tunics made? | Bonus: What was the toga pulla?

WOOL | A TOGA OF DARK WOOL FOR THOSE IN THE MORNING

Translate the participle in the following sentence into Latin: The wounded general was being carried off the field. Bonus: Translate the participle in this sentence: We saw an unusual animal sitting under the tree.

VULNERATUS | SEDENS

What mood of the verb occurs in this very question? | Bonus: Knowing that the Romans used the word modus, modi for mood, tell me how to say "what mood" in Latin.

INDICATIVE | QUI MODUS

Put the following four people in chronological order of their deaths: Cicero, Tiberius, Augustus, Julius Caesar. Bonus: In what year did Augustus die?

J, C A, T | 14 AD

What mortal woman hanged herself after Athena destroyed her weaving in a fit of rage? Bonus: What had made Athena so angry about the tapestry?

ARACHNE | IT DEPICTED THE CRIMES OF THE GODS

Romans told time by using sundials and seasonal hours. How long was a seasonal hour? Bonus: Romans used clepsydrae to tell time at night. What were these?

1/12 OF THE DAYLIGHT | WATER CLOCKS

We'll start off with some easy (but maybe strange) questions. What two Latin cases rhyme in every syllable? Bonus: Give the locative form of Rome.

LOCATIVE AND VOCATIVE | ROMAE

What is the name given to the gods who preceded the Olympians? Bonus: What two Titans gave birth to the Olympians?

TITANS | CRONUS AND RHEA

What was Rome's first non-peninsular conquest, an island acquired as a result of the First Punic War? Bonus: Hannibal's taking of Saguntum provoked the Second Punic War. In what country was Saguntum?

SICILY | SPAIN

From what Latin verb (give all four principal parts) with what meaning is our adjective "perfect" derived? Bonus: What does the word "pluperfect" literally mean?

PERFICIO, PERFICERE, PERFECI, PERFECTUM- TO FINISH, COMPLETE | MORE COMPLETE

Who was the son of Agenor who founded Thebes and peopled the city with men who sprang from dragon's teeth? Bonus: What had been the sign to Cadmus to found the city where he did? Bonus 2: In what region of Greece was Thebes located?

CADMUS HE HAD BEEN INSTRUCTED BY AN ORACLE TO FOUND A CITY WHERE A CERTAIN COW LAY DOWN BOEOTIA

Who were the members of the Second Triumvirate? | Bonus: Who was the first of this group to die, and what was the cause of his death?

ANTONY, OCTAVIAN, AND LEPIDUS | ANTONY; SUICIDE

One of the more expensive clothing dyes took its name from the Phoenician city of Tyre. What color was this dye? Bonus: From where in nature did this dye come?

PURPLE OR RED | SHELLFISH/MUREX

How many tenses of the infinitive exist? | Bonus: Give the three active infinitives of the verb amare.

3 | AMARE, AMAVISSE, AMATURUS ESSE

Opposites are fun! Brevis is to longus as bellum is to this. | Bonus: How about this one, a little harder: brevior is to longior as melior is to this.

PAX | PEIOR

Since we are speaking of calendars, tell me what Roman magistrate reformed the Roman calendar and instituted the use of the Egyptian solar year for 45 B.C.? Bonus: How many days were in the Roman year after the Julian reform?

JULIUS CAESAR | 365

The Caucasus mountains lie between the Black and Caspian seas. Whom did Zeus order to be chained to these mountains as a punishment for his stealing fire from Olympus to give to man? Bonus: On the far western edge of the Black Sea was Colchis. What sorceress was the daughter of the king of this land?

PROMETHEUS | MEDEA

Give the 1st person plural, present active subjunctive of tempto, temptare. Bonus: Give the 1st person plural, present subjunctive of conor, conari.

TEMPTEMUS | CONEMUR

Translate the verb of the following sentence into Latin. "Marcus, you and Sextus ought not to play near the river." Bonus: Translate the subject of the sentence into good Latin.

DEBETIS | SEXTUS ET TU

Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus is not known to us for many great political feats, but rather we think of him as the man who stayed at home and took the omens in order to frustrate the legislation of 59 B.C. when he was consul with what other man? Bonus: How did the Romans mockingly refer to the year 59 B.C.

JULIUS CAESAR | THE CONSULSHIP OF JULIUS AND CAESAR

Taking some grammar from the previous question, how does one say "at home" in Latin? Bonus: We said that Bibulus stayed home and took the omens in order to frustrate Caesar's legislation. What Latin word would translate "in order to," and what type of clause does it introduce.

DOMI | UT PURPOSE CLAUSE

What preventive step did a newly married man take in ancient Rome to ensure that his marriage started out on the right foot? Bonus: What animal was usually sacrificed at a Roman wedding?

HE CARRIED HIS BRIDE OVER HIS SHOULDER TO PREVENT HER FROM STUMBLING A PIG

Homer knew only one, but Hesiod fixed the number of Muses at nine. Name them. Bonus: Who was the Muses' mother?

CLIO, URANIA, THALIA, TERPSICHORE, CALLIOPE, MELPOMENE, EUTERPE, ERATO, POLYHYMNIA MNEMOSYNE

Give the three comparative forms of bonus, bona, bonum. | Bonus: Give the comparative forms of malus, mala, malum.

MELIOR, MELIOR, MELIUS | PEIOR, PEIOR, PEIUS

Congratulations on making it to the final round of this certamen. Please say "of this certamen" in Latin. Bonus 1: Please make those same words genitive plural. Bonus 2: Now make those words accusative plural.

HUIUS CERTAMINIS HORUM CERTAMINIUM HAEC CERTAMINA

Who was placed among the stars at her death, a constellation in the Northern Hemisphere along with her husband Perseus? Bonus 1: What did Perseus do in order to gain Andromeda's hand in marriage? Bonus 2: As a result of whose boasting had the sea monster for which Andromeda was supposed to be a sacrifice been sent?

ANDROMEDA HE KILLED A SEA MONSTER TO WHICH ANDROMEDA WAS SUPPOSED TO BE SACRIFICED CASSIOPEIA/HER MOTHER

Near what extensive second century AD construction does one find Vindolanda, a Roman camp in Britain? Bonus 1: What emperor (known for erecting a famous column in Rome) did Hadrian succeed? Bonus 2: What emperor succeeded Hadrian and earned his title acknowledging filial devotion by securing the deification of his adoptive father?

HOADRIAN'S WALL TRAJAN ANTONINUS PIUS

Normally comprising between 4000 and 6000 men, what was the largest division of the Roman army during the late Republic? Bonus 1: Into how many cohorts was a legion divided? Bonus 2: Into how many centuries was a cohort divided?

LEGION 10 6

Which of the following adjectives is not in the superlative degree: optimus, primus, similis, celerrimus? Bonus 1: Give the superlative of similis. Bonus 2: Give the superlative of nobilis.

SIMILIS SIMILLIMUS NOBILISSIMUS

Give the principal parts of the verb used as the passive of facio, facere, feci factum. Bonus 1: Give the third person plural future indicative of fio. Bonus 2: Now change that to imperfect subjunctive.

FIO, FIERI, FACTUS SUM FIENT FIERENT

In the late 4th century A.D., the emperor Theodosius put a stop to what games, which had begun in 776 B.C.? Bonus 1: The original contest in the Olympics was the stadion. What was the stadion? Bonus 2: What was the original prize awarded in the Olympic games?

THE OLYMPIC GAMES A SPRINT OF 200 METERS AN OLIVE WREATH

Theodosius stopped the Olympic games in A.D. 393, but what earlier emperor, often said to be the first Christian emperor, had put an end to gladiatorial combats because they were too bloodthirsty? Bonus 1: What famous battle in A.D. 312 established Constantine's supremacy? Bonus 2: What sign with what Latin words did Constantine claim to have seen prior to this battle?

CONSTANTINE THE BATTLE OF MULVIAN BRIDGE A CROSS, IN HOC SIGNO VINCES

What is the meaning of the verb form vis? Bonus 1: What is the meaning of the noun vis? Bonus 2: Give the nominative plural of vis and its meaning.

YOU WISH/WANT FORCE/MIGHT VIRES, TROOPS/RESOURCES

October 13th, 54 B.C. marked the death of what stuttering emperor whose greatest achievement had been the conquest of Britain ten years earlier? Bonus 1: Some say that Claudius' wife poisoned him in order to make room for her son to come to the throne. Who was this son? Bonus 2: Claudius died before his own son reached manhood, and thus his adopted son Nero became emperor. Who was this natural son, named after his father's territorial conquests, who died shortly after Nero began to rule?

CLAUDIUS NERO BRITANNICUS

What many headed, serpentine child of Gaia rebelled against Zeus and defeated him when the two at first fought hand to hand? Bonus 1: What weapon did Zeus use the second time to defeat Typhon? Bonus 2: What horrible wife of Typhon produced monsters such as the hydra, the sphinx, and the chimera?

TYPHON/TYPHAEUS THUNDERBOLTS ECHIDNA

My Introduction to Latin students were learning colors recently and came across the sentence "Tecta sunt rubra." Why were Roman roofs often red? Bonus 1: Travertine was a fine building stone, but it became less prominent during the reign of Augustus. What building material replaced travertine? Bonus 2: Opus caementicium consists of hydraulic mortar laid in alternate courses with aggregate, and it allows for the construction of vaulted chambers on a large scale. What is its more common name.

THE TILES WERE MADE OF RED CLAY MARBLE CONCRETE

A cum clause indicating cause or circumstance will usually require a verb in what mood? Bonus 1: Put mitto, mittere, misi, missum in the 1st person plural present subjunctive Bonus 2: Translate the independent subjunctive mittamus.

SUBJUNCTIVE MITTAMUS LET US SEND

Translate into English: Romam quam Athenas ire malumus. | Bonus: Say in Latin, "We do not wish to live in Athens."

WE PREFER TO GO TO ROME RATHER THAN ATHENS | ATHENIS HABITARE NOLUMUS

Who was the first enemy of the Romans to introduce them to elephants? Bonus 1: What was the name of his kingdom? Bonus 2: Pyrrhus is the eponym of our expression "Pyrrhic victory." What is a Pyrrhic victory?

PYRRHUS EPIRUS A VICTORY WITH STAGGERING LOSSES

Quam is a versatile word in Latin. It can be a pronoun or an adverb with several meanings. What does quam indicate when it is used in conjunction with a superlative? Bonus 1: What does quam most likely mean when used with a comparative? Bonus 2: When comparing words, in what three cases must one use quam rather than the ablative of comparison?

AS...AS POSSIBLE THAN GENITIVE, DATIVE, AND ABLATIVE

What witch turned many of Odysseus's men into swine before he frightened her into restoring them to human form? Bonus 1: What god warned Odysseus of Circe's wiles before he entered her palace? Bonus 2: Before Odysseus left her island, Circe warned him to avoid what monstrous pair?

CIRCE HERMES/MERCURY SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS

The acanthus plant appears atop columns of what order? Bonus 1: What Classical style does the Parthenon exhibit? Bonus 2: If an Ionic column is fluted, what does fluted mean?

CORINTHIAN DORIC DECORATED WITH GROOVES

When recognized, perform the following command. Te sedente in menso scriptorio, dic Anglice "Finis." Bonus 1: Omnibus stantibus, ponite manus super auribus. Bonus 2: What type of phrase is omnibus stantibus?

SIT ON SAY "THE END" ALL STAND AND PLACE THEIR HANDS ABOVE THEIR EARS AN ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE

In order, what were the three periods of Roman government? Bonus 1: Who were the first and last kings of Rome? Bonus 2: Who was the first emperor of Rome?

MONARCHY, REPUBLIC, EMPIRE ROMULUS, TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS AUGUSTUS

Today, you must answer the certamen questions carefully. Using an ablative of manner, say “carefully.” Bonus 1: What is the top honor for a college graduate? Bonus 2: What is the Latin phrase for a graduate’s school?

CUM CURA SUMMA CUM LAUDE ALMA MATER

Jupiter was well-known for his many affairs. What woman did Jupiter turn into a cow to protect her from his jealous wife? Bonus 1: Whom did Juno send to watch over Io? Bonus 2: What god was sent to kill Argus?

IO ARGUS MERCURY

What Britney Spears song would the Romans have called: “Heu, iterum id feci?” Bonus 1: What about Destiny’s Child’s song: “Dic meum nomen.”? Bonus 2: What Bob Marley song was: “Nulla femina, noli flere.”?

OOPS, I DID IT AGAIN SAY MY NAME NO WOMAN, NO CRY

What modern country did the Romans call “Helvetia?” | Bonus: What was the Roman name for France?

SWITZERLAND | GALLIA

Translate the relative pronoun in this sentence. Those were the boys whose team won. Bonus 1: Translate the relative in this sentence: Here is the girl whom you indicated. Bonus 2: Translate the relative in this sentence: Where are the men to whom you gave food?

QUORUM QUAM QUIBUS

“One hand washes the other.” What is the simple Latin phrase that translates this English cliché? Bonus 1: What is the Latin expression that urges us to “seize the moment?” Bonus 2: What Roman poet coined the phrase above?

QUID PRO QUO CARPE DIEM HORACE

Put the participle in the following sentence into Latin: Walking down the street, I noticed all the flowers. Bonus 1: Do the same for the participle in this sentence: He was about to walk down the street. Bonus 2: Do the same for the participle in this sentence: I opened the letter sent by my father.

AMBULANS AMBULATURUS MISSAS

What country was Rome’s enemy in the 3 Punic wars? Bonus 1: What famous queen of Carthage loved Aeneas? Bonus 2: What famous Carthaginian almost defeated Rome in the second Punic War?

CARHTAGE DIDO HANNIBAL

Prince Georges County’s motto is “semper eadem.” What does this motto mean? Bonus 1: Translate the demonstrative in this sentence: I asked him not to do that. Bonus 2: Translate the demonstrative in this sentence: Puer haec dixit.

ALWAYS THE SAME ILLUD THESE THINGS

Give the 3rd pl. fut. act ind. of the verb “to hear.” Bonus 1: Make “audient” perfect active. Bonus 2: Make “audiverunt” passive.

AUDIENT AUDIVERUNT AUDITI SUNT

What does it mean if a task is “Herculean?” Bonus 1: What hero sought the golden fleece? Bonus 2: What hero killed Medusa?

IS IT VERY DIFFUCULT? JASON PERSEUS

What famous Roman prisoner led a slave revolt as a result of being forced to be a gladiator and fight friends? Bonus 1: What word was branded onto a runaway slave’s forehead when he was found? Bonus 2: What was the name of Cicero’s slave who created the first system of shorthand?

SPARTACUS FUGITIVUS TIRO

What present passive infinitive is also the English for “a young horse?” Bonus 1: Give the perfect active infinitive of “poni.” Bonus 2: Give the perfect passive infinitive of “posuisse.”

PONI POSUISSE POSITUS ESSE

Give the ablative singular of “brave soldier.” Bonus 1: Put “forti milite” into the genitive plural. Bonus 2: Put “fortium militum into the nominative sg.

FORTI MILITE FORTIUM MILITUM FORTIS MILES

If your doctor wrote a prescription that told you to take your medicine “hora somni,” when should you take it? Bonus: When would you take it if it read “a.c.?”

AT BEDTIME | BEFORE EATING

What was the name of the slave who led Roman boys to school? Bonus 1: Say in Latin: He is running to school. Bonus 2: What language did students learn besides Latin?

PAEDAGOGUS CURRIT AD LUDUM GREEK

When recognized, obey this command: Dic mihi nomen tuum. Bonus 1: Omnes, cantate in Anglice “mica, mica, parva stella.” Bonus 2: Omnes, iungete vestros manus.

SAY YOUR NAME SING "TWINKLE, TWINKLE LITTLE STAR" ALL JOIN HANDS

What was the name of the Cyclops whose eye Ulysses pierced? Bonus 1: What sorceress turned Ulysses' men into animals? Bonus 2: Who was Ulysses' son?

POLYPHEMUS CIRCE TELEMACHUS

Translate the two adjectives in this English sentence into Latin: Even though the elephant at the zoo is bigger, this is the biggest one we’ve ever seen today. Translate the adjectives indicated in these sentences: Bonus 1: The lions try to chase the larger elephants but constantly overtake them. Bonus 2: The lions find more competition when chasing smaller and faster wildebeests.

MAIOR, MAXIMUS MAIORES CELERIORES

This man, a grandson of Scipio Africanus, put forth some of the land reform of the late 2nd century BC, only to be murdered by the Senate because of his anti-patrician measures. Bonus 1: Who was Tiberius Gracchus’ mother? Bonus 2: His grandfather defeated Hannibal at what battle in Africa, effectively ending the 2nd Punic War?

TIBERIUS GRACCHUS CORNELIA [BATTLE OF] ZAMA

Place these cities in order from west to east: Lutetium, Olympia, Roma. Bonus 1: What modern day city is Lutetium. Bonus 2: What was the Roman name for London.

LUTETIUM, ROMA, OLYMPIA PARIS LONDINIUM

Who wore the toga candida? | Bonus: How many years were ex-consuls supposed to wait before being to run again for the consulship?

CANDIDATES | TEN YEARS

She was left on the island of Naxos by Theseus on his return from Crete to Athens. Bonus 1: What mother of Ariadne sired the mintotaur with a bull? Bonus 2: Who was Pasiphae’s husband?

ARIADNE PASIPHAE MINOS

Canine and feline are obviously derived from the Latin nouns canis and felis, cat and dog. From what Latin noun is the zoological adjective bovine derived? Bonus 1: What is the meaning of that Latin noun? Bonus 2: What is the genitive plural of bos?

BOS, BOVIS COW BOVUM

Translate the two verbs in this sentence: He says that you are thinking wrong. Bonus 1: In the previous sentence, change “thinking” to “thought.” Bonus 2: Now change “thought” to “will think.”

NARRAT/DICIT, PUTARE PUTAVISSE PUTATURUM/PUTATURAM ESSE

What title was given to the spokesman of the plebians who was allowed to veto the laws passed by the Senate? Tiberius Gracchus held this post in the late 2nd century BC. Bonus: What office in the cursus honorum was a financially-related position that involved keeping track of the money? He can be thought of as a treasurer in many respects.

TRIBUNE | QUAESTOR

Julius Caesar and the rest of the Julian clan claimed that they were descended from what goddess? Bonus 1: By what son of this goddess did they claim this lineage? Bonus 1: Through which son of this son did they further claim this lineage?

VENUS AENEAS IULUS or ASCANIUS

Translate this Latin sentence into English: Putamus eum cucurrisse ab suo patre. Bonus 1: In the previous sentence, change the infinitive cucurrisse to the future active. Bonus 2: Make “currere” passive.

WE THINK THAT HE RAN AWAY FROM HIS FATHER CURSURUS ESSE CURRI

A vestal virgin devoted how many years of her life to their service? Bonus: Not only did they manage the hearth, but the vestal virgins also maintained what personal documents?

THIRTY YEARS | WILLS

What elderly couple were turned into the oak and linden trees? Bonus 1: What two gods visited Baucis and Philemon? Bonus 2: For their kindness, Baucis and Philemon were saved from what disaster?

BAUCIS AND PHILEMON JUPITER AND MERCURY A FLOOD

Hadrian was the first Roman emperor to fashion what facial feature that had previously been merely a Greek practice? Bonus 1: This Roman emperor was the first to be born outside of Italy and reigned at the time of the largest extent of the Empire. Name this emperor who reigned from AD 98-117 and was succeeded by his adopted son Hadrian. Bonus 2: What territory, modern-day Romania, caused the extent of the empire to decrease between the reigns Trajan and Hadrian?

BEARD TRAJAN DACIA

Ovid was exiled by what emperor to the Pontus Euxinus? Bonus 1: If one were exiled to Syracuse, what island would he or she be on? Bonus 2: What other Mediterranean island could serve as a place for exile, especially at the capital city of Knossos?

AUGUSTUS SICILY CRETE

The English word barbarian is derived from what Latin word meaning bearded? Bonus 1: What color hair would someone with the nomen “Flavius” usually have? Bonus 2: How about someone with the nomen Rufus?

BARBARUS BLOND/YELLOW RED

What TV game show would the Romans have called: Dicere Verum. Bonus 1: Try this TV show: Lex Ordoque. Bonus 2: And this TV show: In Stellas Iter.

TO TELL THE TRUTH LAW AND ORDER STAR TREK

Give an English derivative from the Latin word ‘ducere’. | Bonus: Give an English derivative from the Latin word for a general.

AQUEDUCT | IMPERIAL, EMPEROR, EMPIRE, ETC.

This couple, who communicated through a crack in the wall, met their end when they tried to meet each other at a mulberry tree. Bonus 1: What item of Thisbe’s did Pyramus find stained with blood? Bonus 2: What animal bloodied that veil?

PYRAMUS AND THISBE VEIL LIONESS

Translate as an ablative absolute, “when Caesar was leader.” Bonus 1: Translate as an ablative absolute, “when Caesar was killed.” Bonus 2: Translate as an ablative absolute, “since the citizens were brave.”

CAESARE DUCE CAESARE INTERFECTO CIVIBUS FORTIBUS

In a Roman house, what is the name of the great hall, which is open to the sky? Bonus 1: Name the opening in the roof. Bonus 2: Name the basin underneath used to catch rainwater.

ATRIUM COMPLUVIUM IMPLUVIUM

Name the creature, which was half man/half bull. Bonus 1: Which hero slew this creature? Bonus 2: Which princess helped him in this adventure?

MINOTAUR THESEUS ARIADNE

Translate the following sentence into English: A milite interfectus est. Bonus 1: What type of ablative is milite? Bonus 2: If you replace ‘by a soldier’ with ‘by a weapon’, what would the Latin for this phrase be?

HE HAS BEEN KILLED BY A SOLDIER ABLATIVE OF AGENCY TELO

In the sentence ‘I like her,’ the word for ‘her’ is what? Bonus 1: What is the word for ‘us’ in the sentence, “They don’t like us.” Bonus 2: How would you say ‘with us’ in the sentence, “She was walking with us.”

EAM NOS NOBISCUM

In which direction would you travel from Rome if you wanted to arrive in Helvetia? Bonus 1: From Helvetia, which direction is Gallia? Bonus 2: From Gallia, which direction is Hispania?

NORTHWEST WEST SOUTHWEST

What famous Roman put down his plow to assume the dictatorship of Rome? Bonus 1: What Roman hero cut off his right hand to prove his loyalty to Rome? Bonus 2: What Roman hero singlehandedly defended the Pons Sublicius?

CINCINNATUS MUCIUS SCAEVOLA HORATIUS (COCLES)

Amo is to amabo as capio is to what? Bonus 1: Give the 3rd person plural present active form of capio. Bonus 2: Give the 3rd person plural pluperfect active form of capio.

CAPIAM CAPIUNT CEPERANT

Give the English noun derived from multus that means “great number” or “crowd”? Bonus 1: Give the nominative, genitive and gender of the Latin noun that is etymologically related to laborare. Bonus 2: Give a derivative of the Latin word for garden that means “gardening.”

MULTITUDE LABOR, IS, UM HORTICULTURE

What goddess caused Hercules nothing but trouble? Bonus 1: Who assigned the 12 labors to Hercules? Bonus 2: What goddess did Hercules marry after his death and deification?

HERA/JUNO EURYSTHEUS HEBE

What famous Roman defeated Hannibal at Zama? Bonus 1: For what country was Hannibal fighting? Bonus 2: In what war was the battle of Zama?

SCIPIO CARTHAGE SECOND PUNIC WAR

Which of the following nouns does not belong to the same declension as the others? pars, urbs, res, ignis. Bonus 1: What declension are the others? Bonus 2: What declension is res?

RES 3RD 5TH

Which of the following mythological women did NOT suffer from unrequited love: Dido, Daphne, or Echo? Bonus 1: What woman on this list appears in myths about the god Apollo? Bonus 2: What bizarre affliction caused Echo to be unable to tell Narcissus of her love?

DAPHNE DAPHNE SHE COULD ONLY REPEAT WHAT OTHERS HAD SAID

What was a confarreatio? Bonus 1: With what was the bride’s hair parted? Bonus 2: To whom did she dedicate her girlish toys and clothes?

WEDDING CEREMONY THE POINT OF A SPEAR LARES (HOUSEHOLD GODS)

On what hill in ancient Rome was the Temple to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva located? Bonus 1: On which Roman hill did the Emperor Domitian build his great Flavian palace? Bonus 2: Which Roman hill is named for the first Roman king?

CAPITOLINE PALATINE QUIRINAL

What did the Romans call their highest priest/head of religion in Rome? Bonus 1: Who were the women who tended to the sacred flame? Bonus 2: Where in the Forum was the sacred flame located?

PONTIFEX MAXIMUS VESTAL VIRGINS TEMPLE OF VESTA

Mittis is to misisti as iubes is to? Bonus 1: laboras is to laboravisti as facis is to? Bonus 2: auditis is to audivistis as manetis is to?

IUSSISTI FECISTI MANSISTIS

Answer in Latin. How many kings ruled during the Monarchy? Bonus 1: Who was the first Etruscan king of Rome? Bonus 2: Who succeeded him?

SEPTEM TARQUINIUS PRISCUS SERVIUS TULLIUS

Sometimes Latin is disguised in English in the form of common abbreviations. What does the abbreviation AD stand for in Latin? Bonus 1: What does AD mean in English? Bonus 2: What is the Latin for the English abbreviation of P.S.?

ANNO DOMINI IN THE YEAR OF THE LORD POST SCRIPTUM

What did the Romans call a large open space in a town? It was a meeting place, market place, and political center. Bonus 1: The most famous type of this place in Rome was called? Bonus 2: What gender is this place?

FORUM FORUM ROMANUM NEUTER

Name the beautiful maiden who rode atop a bull only to discover that he was really a god? Bonus 1: Who was this god? Bonus 2: On what Greek island known for its bulls and half-bulls did they cavort?

EUROPA JUPITER CRETE

What son of Apollo went to the underworld to win back his bride, but lost her a second time at the brink of success? Bonus 1: What Athenian went to the underworld to free his friend who had tried to kidnap Persephone? Bonus 2: Hades sent what wily King of Corinth, the inventor of handcuffs, back to earth to get a proper funeral, then found him unwilling to return?

ORPHEUS THESEUS SISYPHUS

From what Latin verb and its meaning do we get the word “commotion? Bonus 1: From what Latin verb and its meaning is the English word “ridiculous” derived? Bonus 2: From what deponent verb is “progress” derived?

MOVEO, MOVERE- TO MOVE/UPSET RIDEO, RIDERE- TO LAGH GRADIOR, GRADI

What is the superlative of latus? Bonus 1: What is the superlative of miser? Bonus 2: What is the superlative of magnus?

LATISSIMUS MISERRIMUS MAXIMUS

Which of the following verbs is not in the same tense as the others? Regimus, ponunt, agetis, mittitis Bonus 1: Change the verb to the same tense as the others. Bonus 2: Change the new verb to the singular.

AGETIS AGITIS AGIS

Bellerophon is to the Chimera as ____ is to the Nemean lion. Bonus 1: Which of this man's 12 labors was the killing of the Nemean lion? Bonus 2: What did he do with the lion’s skin?

HERCULES #1 HE WORE IT

The first territory occupied and governed by the Romans was the plain lying south of the Tiber. What is the name for this area, which gives us the term “Latin”? Bonus 1: Who was the “mythical” King of Latium when Aeneas arrived there? Bonus 2: What was the name of his wife?

LATIUM KING LATINUS QUEEN AMATA

What were the largest and most famous baths in Rome? Bonus 1: In Roman baths, what was the cold room called? Bonus 2: What was the hot room called?

BATHS OF CARACALLA FRIGIDARIUM CALDARIUM

Give the four principal parts of the root verb that gives us the derivative “procession”. Bonus 1: Give the four principal parts of the root verb that gives us the derivative “capture.” Bonus 2: Give the four principal parts of the root verb that gives us the derivative “inspection.”

(PRO)CEDO, (PRO)CEDERE, (PRO)CESSE, (PRO)CESSUS CAPIO, CAPERE, CEPI, CAPTUS SPECTO, SPECTARE, SPECTAVI, SPECTATUS

What famous Roman orator prosecuted Catiline and was exiled? Bonus 1: What famous Roman traitor spared Rome at the request of his mother? Bonus 2: What famous Roman builder of aqueducts was blind?

CICERO CORIOLANUS APPIUS CLAUDIUS

What was Rhea Silvia’s occupation at the time of her sons’ conception? Bonus 1: Who was Rhea Silvia’s father? Bonus 2: What evil brother of this father had usurped the throne?

VESTAL VIRGIN NUMITOR AMULIUS

Pono is to posui as curro is to? Bonus 1: Vidi is to videre as potui is to? Bonus 2: Audit is to audiunt as est is to?

CUCURRI POSSE SUNT

What Roman temple literally means, “dedicated to all gods”? Bonus 1: What was the Latin name of the circle at the top of the dome through which light was allowed to enter? Bonus 2: Where in ancient Rome was the building dedicated to the gods located?

PANTHEON OCULUS CAMPUS MARTIUS

Give in the ablative singular, “serious wound.” Bonus 1: Make it genitive plural. Bonus 2: Make gravi vulnere accusative plural.

GRAVI VULNERE GRAVIUM VULNERUM GRAVIA VULNERA

What two mythological monsters do you think of when someone says, “Caught between a rock and a hard place”? Bonus: Describe these two monsters.

SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS | SCYLLA: WOMAN WITH SIX DOG HEADS AROUND HER WAIST and CHARYBDIS: WHIRLPOOL

Who of the following does not belong: puella, serva, nauta, femina? Bonus 1: Give the ablative plural for: good girls. Bonus 2: Give the accusative plural for: the small sailors.

NAUTA PUELLIS BONIS NAUTAS PARVOS

In Republican Rome, books were made of scrolls made from what material? Bonus 1: Romans wrote with a penna, a quill. What would we call a penna? Bonus 2: School children often wrote on a wax tablet, what was it called?

PAPYRUS (REEDS) FEATHER TABELLA

Which of the following forms can’t be a relative pronoun: cuius, quae, qui, quid? Bonus 1: Which of the following can’t be a reflexive pronoun: mei, nos, tu, vobis? Bonus 2: What type of pronoun is used in this sentence: “This man is here.”?

QUID TU DEMONSTRATIVE

What hunter, beloved by Venus, was killed by a boar after failing to heed her advice? Bonus 1: What flower sprang from the blood of this man? Bonus 2: What other of Venus’ mortal lovers was struck by Jupiter with a thunderbolt for having bragged of their affair?

ADONIS ANEMONE ANCHISES

In the sentence, “It will be a test of his economic program,” translate “his.” Bonus: In the sentence, “Caesar divorced his wife Pompeia,” translate “his.”

EIUS/HUIUS | SUAM

Who are the nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, the patron goddesses of the fine arts? Bonus: Which of them was the goddess of history?

THE MUSES | CLIO

What was the Latin abbreviation for Pompey’s praenomen? | Bonus: Pompey had a cognomen, one he gave himself. What was it?

GN. | MAGNUS

What common but irregular verb is at the root of "itinerary"? Bonus: Give the four principal parts of the common third conjugation verb at the root of the verb navigo.

EO, IRE | AGO, -ERE, EGI, ACTUM

What number is missing from this sequence: unus, quattuor, octo, sedecim? Bonus: What number is missing from this sequence: viginti, quadraginta, quinquaginta, sexaginta?

DUODECIM | TRIGINTA

Complete this analogy. Primus : unus :: decem : : | Bonus: Compete this analogy. canis : canine :: : feline.

DECIMUS | FELES

Rome was never able to incorporate Germany into the Empire, leaving these two great rivers as Rome's northern frontier. Bonus: Rome was able to conquer the Dacians for a century or so, just north of the Danbus. What is the modern name for Dacia?

RHINE AND DANUBE | ROMANIA

Which one of the following does not belong and why: maior, minus, optimus, longior? Bonus: Which one of the following does not belong and why: aetas, voluptas, feminas, aestas?

OPTIMUS- SUPERLATIVE | FEMINAS- NOT A 3RD DECLENSION NOUN

In this sentence "The women whom I saw left the town weeping", translate the relative pronoun. Bonus: Translate the present participle in that sentence.

QUAS | LACRIMANTES

In the sentence "The boy carrying the water is my sister," translate "carrying". Bonus: How 'bout the participle in this sentence: "I saw the men leading the cattle into the field"?

PORTANS | DUCENTES

In the sentence "Julia is more beautiful than Aemilia" translate "more beautiful." Bonus: Change the adjective to the superlative.

PULCHRIOR | PULCHERRIMA

Hercules labors sometimes took him far afield. His ninth labor took him to far to the north, where he encountered what band of women warriors? Bonus: Who was the leader of the Amazons?

AMAZONS | HIPPOLYTA

What year saw the formation of the First Triumvirate? | Bonus: What famous Roman was asked to join the First Triumvirate, refused, and lived to regret it?

60 BC | CICERO

What would you be eating if you were having perna et ova? | Bonus: How about mala et pira?

HAM AND EGGS | APPLES AND PEARS

Responde Latine. Dic mihi nomen hunc (the thumb) latine. | Bonus: What is the Latin word for "knee"?

POLLEX | GENU

What Trojan leader, founder of the Roman race, sailed to Italy and married that daughter of Latinus? Bonus: Who was the daughter of King Latinus whom he married?

AENEAS | LAVINIA

Give the genitive singular of the phrase unus vir. | Bonus: Name another adjective that follows the unusual pattern of unus.

UNIUS VIRI | SOLUS, TOTUS, NULLUS, ULLUS, ALIUS, ALTER, NEUTER, or UTER

What case follows the indeclinable noun satis? | Bonus: What form of the above case is this?

GENITIVE | GENITIVE OF THE WHOLE

In ancient Rome the officials had different functions. What was the primary function of the quaestor? Bonus: The quaestors were normally young men just starting their career. To which higher officials of the state were they attached?

TREASURER | THE CONSULS

What musician followed his wife to the Underworld and successfully pled for her to be allowed to accompany back to the world of the living? Bonus: What was his wife's name?

ORPHEUS | EURYDICE

There were many types of togae. Please explain five of them.

TOGA VIRILIS- ASSUMED AT MANHOOD, TOGA PRAETEXTA- WORN BY BOYS AND SENATORS, TOGA CANDIDA- WORN BY CANDIDATE FOR OFFICE, TOGA SORDIDA/PULLA- WORN IN MOURNING, TOGA PICTA- WORN BY VICTORIOUS GENERAL, TOGA TRABEA- STRIPED TOGA WORN BY PRIESTS, TOGA PURPUREA- WORN BY EMPERORS, TOGA MULIEBRIS- WORN BY PROSTITUTES

Give the accusative singular of the third person reflexive pronoun. Bonus: What is the form of the reflexive possessive adjective?

SE OR SESE | SUUS, -A, -UM

Make portamus perfect tense. | Bonus: Now make portavimus passive.

PORTAVIMUS | PORTATI (-AE, -A) SUMUS

Translate the relative pronoun in the following sentece: They saw the women whose sons were saved. Bonus: Translate the relative pronoun in this sentence: The temples which he saw were very beautiful.

QUARUM | QUAE

Whom did Hades abduct to be his wife? | Bonus: They knew each other before the abduction. How were they related?

PERSEPHONE/PROSPERINA | UNCLE: NEICE

List, in order,the members of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. | Bonus: List, in order, the members of the Flavian dynasty.

AUGUSTUS, TIBERIUS, CALIGULA, CLAUDIUS, NERO | VESPASIAN, TITUS, DOMITIAN

In the sentence, Caesar spectavit oppidum captum, what type of participle is captum Bonus: Now translate that sentence.

PERFECT PASSIVE | CAESAR WAS LOOKING AT THE CAPTURED TOWN

Some questions we might ask will make you much happier than others. Using laetus, say "happier" in Latin. Bonus: To say "much happier" we would have to use the phrase multo laetior. What kind of ablative is multo?

LAETIOR | DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE

Here we go to the Cinema Romanum, this time we have the classic thriller Silentia agnorum. Bonus: Here's one more: Tempestas perfecta.

SILENCE OF THE LAMBS | THE PERFECT STORM

Translate the participle in the following sentence: "I saw the footprints of the running man". Bonus: Make the participle plural.

CURRENTIS | CURRENTIUM

The kings were expelled from Rome in 510 or 509 B.C. and replaced by two consuls. Name one of the first consuls of Rome. Bonus: What office in the Republic did not follow the principle of collegiality (i.e., always having more than one person hold an office at the same time)?

BRUTUS or COLLATINUS | DICTATOR

What do the nouns mons, pars, ars, and pons have in common? | Bonus: Give me an example of a neuter type of this noun.

3RD DECLENSION I-STEMS | MARE, ANIMAL, EXEMPLAR, ETC.

Who were the pious couple from Phrygia rewarded for welcoming Hermes and Zeus into their humble cottage? Bonus: What reward did they receive?

BAUCIS AND PHILEMON | THEY WERE TRANSFORMED INTO TREES TO STAND AS GUARDIANS OF THE GODS' TEMPLE

Which of the following does not belong: feles, ovis, agnus, animus, avis? Bonus: Distinguish between animus and anima.

ANIMUS | ANIMUS- MIND, ANIMA- LIFE, SPIRIT, SOUL, ETC.

If you wanted to say two thousand men, you would have to use duo milia virorum in Latin. What type of genitive is virorum in that sentence? Bonus: The same case, of course, can carry different meanings. What kind of genitive is found in the phrase vir magnae virtutis?

THE WHOLE | DESCRIPTION

What war began as a dispute over the Sicilian city Messana and involved such generals as Regulus and Hamilcar Barca? Bonus 1: In the Second Punic War, Hannibal surprised the Romans by his lightning invasion of Italy. From what country did he set out? Bonus 2: Carthage was finally destroyed, 146 B.C. by this famous Roman general.

THE FIRST PUNIC WAR SPAIN SCIPIO THE YOUNGER (AEMILIANUS)

In the sentence multos canes currentes vidimus, translate and give the grammatical part of speech for currentes? Bonus 1: What is the number, case, and gender of currentes? Bonus 2: The verb curro is a reduplicative. What is its 3rd principle part?

RUNNING, PRESENT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE PLURAL, ACCUSATIVE, MASCULINE CUCURRI

Quid nomen tibi est is an example of what kind of dative? Bonus 1: Dux gladios militibus dedit is an example of what kind of dative? Bonus 2: Give the 4 principal parts of the verb from which "dative" derives.

POSSESSION INDIRECT OBJECT DO, DARE, DEDI, DATUM

I played a role in a number of myths and, although I was the aunt of Medea, I am most famous for turning Odysseus' men into swine. Bonus 1: This goddess also turned her lover Picus into a bird. What offense had he committed? Bonus 2: This goddess was the daughter of what Titan?

CIRCE HE HAD BEEN UNFAITHFUL HELIOS

How did the plebeians force concessions from the patricians in early Rome? Bonus 1: How many times did they do this? Bonus 2: What provision of the 12 Tables particularly irked the plebeians?

BY LEAVING THE CITY 3 PROHIBITION OF INTERMARRIAGE BETWEEN PATRICIANS AND PLEBS

Who would win the "most faithful wife contest" in the ancient world, waiting 20 years for her husband's return? Bonus 1: What son of Odyssius and his wife stayed at home during the war? Bonus 2: Where was the kingdom of Odysseus?

PENELOPE TELEMACHUS ITHACA

What declension pattern do present participles follow? | Bonus: Here's a 50/50 question. Are present participles i-stems (i.e., do they have a -ium in their genitive plural)?

3RD | YES

Pompey built the first permanent one in Rome. Balbus erected one soon after. Then Augustus built one for Marcellus. What were these popular buildings? Bonus 1: Pompey's building was the scene of what famous political event? Bonus 2: Which of these buildings- Pompey's, Bablus' or Marcellus'- can still be seen standing in Rome?

THEATERS ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR MARCELLUS'

In the phrase "This is the animal which I saw in the forest", what would be the form of the relative pronoun? Bonus 1: What is the gender, case and number of this pronoun? Bonus 2: Change this pronoun to the plural.

QUOD NEUTER, ACCUSATIVE, SINGULAR QUAE

We are three old women, rightly feared by all. We spin, measure and then cut the thread of life. Who are we? Bonus 1: Name them. Bonus 2: Now tell me which one spun, which measures, which cut.

THE FATES CLOTHO, LACHESIS, ATROPOS CLOTHO (THE SPINNER), LACHESIS (THE MEAUSURER), ATROPOS (THE CUTTER)

pons : pontium :: dux : ________. Bonus 1: Speaking of dux and its related words, what two forms can duci be? Bonus 2: dux : ducibus :: manus : .

DUCUM DATIVE OF DUX OR PASSIVE INFINITIVE OF DUCO MANIBUS

Theseus is to Ariadne as Jason is to this person . Bonus 1: This woman, however, got her revenge for being abandoned by Jason. What did she do? Bonus 2: This woman was a maga (a witch) who came from what Black Sea land?

MEDEA SHE KILLED THEIR CHILDREN COLCHIS

Name a Roman historian. Bonus 1: Name a Roman playwright. Bonus 2: Name a famous Roman writer of letters.

LIVY, SALLUST, TACITUS, ETC. TERENCE, PLAUTUS, SENECA PLINY, CICERO, FRONTO

What famous ruins still exist in Rome, to the east of the Circus Maximus, were enormous baths built by one of the sons of Septimus Severus? Bonus: The baths would have different types of pools. Name them and tell me what type of bath they were.

BATHS OF CARACALLA | FRIGIDARIUM (COLD BATH), TEPIDARIUM (WARM BATH), CALIDARIUM (HOT BATH)

During the great sacrifice suovetaurila, the Romans would attempt to determine the will of the gods. How was this done? Bonus: After the sacrifice, the Romans would have a feast, eating the best part of the animal and leaving only the fat, bones, and guts for the gods. What son of a Titan tricked Zeus into choosing the worst part of the sacrifice, thus establishing the custom?

BY INSPECTING THE ENTRAILS OF THE ANIMALS | PROMETHEUS

There are a number of famous lovers in ancient mythology. Philemon and Baucis lived in Babylon, but what lovely maiden was spirited off to a never-never land by her invisible lover Cupid? Bonus 1: What lie did this lover's evil sisters tell her in order to have Psyche investigate the identify of her lover? Bonus 2: As punishment for this lover, Venus gave her the task of dividing an enormous pile of grain into different types of seeds. Who helped her accomplish this task?

PSYCHE THAT HE WAS A SERPENT, FATTENING HER UP FOR THE KILL ANTS

What is the motto and its meaning of the great Commonwealth of Virginia? Bonus: The motto of New York is "Ever upwards". What is that in Latin?

SIC SEMPER TYRANNIS- THUS ALWAYS TO TYRANTS | EXCELSIOR

What is the Latin relative pronoun in this sentence: "I know the men whose sons were saved"? Bonus 1: What is the Latin relative pronoun in this sentence: "Does he have a fast ship on which I can sail to Greece"? Bonus 2: What is the Latin relative pronoun in this sentence: "There are the boys to whom I gave the gifts"?

QUORUM QUA QUIBUS

What is the ablative singular in Latin of the phrase “this slave”? Bonus: What is the dative singular in Latin of the phrase “the slave himself”?

HOC SERVO | SERVO IPSI

What was the actual Greek name for the story of Jason and the Argonauts? Bonus: By what poet was the this story written?

ARGONAUTICA | APOLLONIUS OF RHODES/APOLLONIUS RHODIUS

What ordinal number is missing from the following sequence: primus, tertius, septimus, nonus? Bonus: What would be the Latin title of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night?

QUINTUS | DUODECIMA NOX

Who was the first woman, created by Zeus to be a pest to man? Bonus: What does her name mean in Greek?

PANDORA | ALL GIFTS

What is the Latin phrase to describe someone making a deal “in good faith”? Bonus: What is the Latin phrase to describe a reply to something someone said that doesn’t really follow?

BONA FIDE | NON SEQUITUR

What is the 3rd person plural, perfect passive indicative of the Latin verb from which we get the English word “position”? Bonus: Change positi sunt to the pluperfect active.

POSITI (-AE/-A) SUNT | POSUERANT

What two brothers were killed within two years of each other because they attempted to redistribute public land to the poor? Boonus: What did their mother, Cornelia, call them?

TIBERIUS AND GAIUS GRACCHUS/GRACCHI | HER JEWELS

What tense in the Latin language shows continuous or repeated action in the past? Bonus: What tense in the Latin language shows action completed in the past before some other past action?

IMPERFECT | PLUPERFECT

The story of Pyramus and Thisbe takes place in Babylon. In what modern country was Babylon located? Bonus: This country is also the site for ancient Mesopotamia. Between what two rivers was Mesopotamia located?

IRAQ | TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES

Helen of Troy was originally from what Greek city? | Bonus: Cleopatra was not Egyptian but rather descended from what Greek family?

SPARTA | PTOLEMY

Greek mythology gives us what term for an extremely handsome young man? He was a lover of Aphrodite. Bonus: According to most myths, how did this lover tragically die?

ADONIS | GORED BY A BOAR WHILE HUNTING

When you received information but are doubtful because of the source, you may use this Latin phrase to describe how you should take it. Bonus: When you believe information without evidence because you trust the source, you may use the Latin phrase ipse dixit. Translate this phrase.

CUM GRANO SALIS | HE HIMSELF SAID IT

On what day of the month did the Ides typically fall? | Bonus: With what celestial event did the Ides of the month originally coincide?

13TH | FULL MOON

Julius Caesar was said to have had a close relationship with Servilia, the mother of what prominent Roman whom Shakespeare calls “the noblest Roman of them all”? Bonus: Who was this man’s wife, the daughter of Cato the Younger, a political enemy of Caesar?

BRUTUS | PORCIA

In the Zodiac, what sign represents the ram, the source of Jason’s golden fleece? Bonus: In the Zodiac, what sign represents Ganymede, the water-bearer of the gods?

ARIES | AQUARIUS

What body of water did the Romans call the Pontus Euxinus? | Bonus: Along what modern body of water was the Roman province of Illyricum located?

BLACK SEA | ADRIATIC SEA

Does Homer’s Iliad open with the Trojan horse, the death of Hector, or the wrath of Achilles? Bonus: Why was Achilles angry at Agamemnon and refusing to fight?

THE WRATH OF ACHILLES | AGAMEMNON TOOK AWAY HIS SLAVE-GIRL

Who was torn apart by his mother because he had rejected the god Dionysus? Bonus: This person’s mother, Semele, was a follower of the god Dionysus. What was the term for this female worshipper?

PENTHEUS | A BACCHANT

Identify the common bond: Teutonberg Forest, Lake Regillus, Cannae. BONUS: Identify the victorious enemy for each of the previous disasters.

ROMAN MILITARY DISASTERS | TEUTONBERG FOREST- GERMANS, LAKE REGILLUS- LATINS, CANNAE- CARTHAGINIANS

What would you be seeing if you were in an amphitheater and watching a venatio? Bonus: What was the Latin term for the criminals who fought at noon?

AN ANIMAL HUNT | MERIDIANI

How would you translate the following English preposition into Latin: “I saw many other people while traveling to Rome.” Bonus: What about the prepositional phrase in this sentence: “I left my ship at Ostia.”

ROMAM | OSTIAE/OSTIIS

The Parthenon is located in Athens, Greece. On what hill is it located? Bonus: Name the Roman building being described: In the Campus Martius a dome, pierced by an oculus, sits upon a rotunda which could contain a perfect sphere. It was dedicated to all gods.

ACROPOLIS | PANTHEON

Name the three orders of classical architecture. | Bonus: The Romans usually built their temples up on platforms. What was this platform called?

DORIC, IONIC, CORINTHIAN | PODIUM

Using a partitive genitive, translate the phrase “no fear” in the sentence, “Marcus displayed no fear.” Bonus: How would you write “in the middle of the road” in the sentence, “Marcus was standing in the middle of the road.”

NIHIL TIMORIS/METUS | IN MEDIA VIA

Are the Atlas Mountains in Europe, Asia, or Africa? | Bonus: Was the province of Helvetia located in Europe, Asia, or Africa?

AFRICA | EUROPE

What is the perfect passive participle of duco, ducere? | Bonus: What is the perfect active infinitive of the verb duco, ducere?

DUCTUS (-A/-UM) | DUXISSE

In mythology, what woman, who was fated to to have a child greater than his father, was given in marriage by Zeus to Peleus? Bonus: In order to prevent his having a child wiser or more clever than he, Zeus swallowed which of his consorts?

THETIS | METIS

What was the Latin term for someone who one the right to determine the ratio of wine to water and entertainment after a Roman banquet? Bonus: Over what event would this term rule?

REX BIBENDI | COMISSATIO

Julius Caesar was given by the Roman Senate the office of Dictator Perpetuus. What does this mean? Bonus: How long did one usually keep the office of dictator?

DICTATOR FOR LIFE | SIX MONTHS

The labyrinth on Crete was designed to imprison what monster? Bonus: Who was the designer of the labyrith?

MINOTAUR | DAEDALUS

Where did well-to-do Romans typically build elaborate tombs for their family members? Bonus: The tombs or tombstones were often inscribed with the Latin abbreviation D.M. What does D.M. mean in English?

ALONG THE ROADS LEADING INTO THE CITY | TO THE GODS OF THE UNDERWORLD

What is the Latin word for third? | Bonus: For second?

TERTIUS | SECUNDUS

One of the words for school in Latin is ludus. But what does ludus mean in the plural? Bonus 1: Say in Latin, “We were loving the games.” Bonus 2: What tense is amabamus?

GAMES LUDOS AMABAMUS IMPERFECT

Translate the relative pronoun in this sentence: “Vacca, quae celeriter currit, mugit.” Bonus 1: The Latin verb mugio, mugire means “moo.” What is the present active participle of that verb? Bonus 2: Translate into English: “Vacca mugiens ad silvam ambulavit.”

WHO/WHICH MUGIENS THE MOOING COW WALKED TO THE FOREST

How many principal parts does a regular verb have? Bonus 1: Give all four principal parts of the Latin verb meaning “to fortify.” Bonus 2: Do the same for “to praise.”

FOUR MUNIO, MUNIRE, MUNIVI, MUNITUS LAUDO, LAUDARE, LAUDAVI, LAUDATUS

In what conjugations do we find the endings bo, bis, and bit for the future tense? Bonus 1: Translate into English: remanebimus. Bonus 2: Translate into Latin: They will cry.

FIRST and SECOND WE WILL REMAIN LACRIMABUNT

From the head of whom was Athena supposedly born? | Bonus: Which Greek goddess was born of the sea foam?

ZEUS | APHRODITE

At its fall event, the Maryland Junior Classical League held a bagel discus throwing contest. The discus throw was originally part of the ancient Greek Olympics, founded in what Greek city? Bonus 1: In what year were the Olympics founded? Bonus 2: In honor of whom were the Olympics held?

OLYMPIA 776 BC ZEUS

The English word Junior, as in the Maryland Junior Classical League, is also a Latin word. Which degree of the adjective is iunior? Bonus 1: What is one of the other two degrees called? Bonus 2: What is the superlative of the phrase celer vacca?

COMPARATIVE POSITIVE or SUPERLATIVE CELERRIMA VACCA

Numa Pompilius created the office of Pontifex Maximus. What was the Pontifex Maximus? Bonus: Which king succeeded Numa?

THE CHIEF PRIEST OF ROME | TULLUS HOSTILIUS

We all know that Rome had seven hills. On which hill did Remus stand when he saw the sign of vultures? Bonus: How many vultures did Remus see?

AVENTINE | SIX

Where might one find the apodyterium, palaestra, and frigidarium? Bonus: Make cenat pluperfect.

THE BATHS | CENAVERAT

How did the Romans count laps in a chariot race? Bonus 1: How many laps was a standard chariot race? Bonus 2: What is the Latin term for a charioteer?

USING DOLPHINS AND EGGS SEVEN AURIGA

Complete the following analogy – laudo is to laudavi as ambulatis is to _____. Bonus 1: In what tense is the verb this verb? Bonus 2: Make this verb singular.

AMBULAVISTIS PERFECT AMBULAVISTI

Identify the declension of the Latin noun res. | Bonus: Identify the declension of the Latin noun virtus.

FIFTH | FOURTH

Translate the pronoun in the following sentence: Aeneas haec verba dixit. Bonus 1: What gender is haec verba? Bonus 2: Make haec verba singular.

THESE NEUTER HOC VERBUM

From what Latin noun and its English meaning do we derive the word “pacifist”? Bonus 1: Give the gender of this word. Bonus 2: Give the genitive singular of this word.

PAX- PEACE FEMININE PACIS

What is 18 in Latin? | Bonus: Responde Latine. Quot sunt viginti minus duodeviginti et decem multiplicatum per tres?

DUODEVIGINTI | DUO, TRIGINTA

Translate the adverb is this sentence into English. Puella laetissime cenat. Bonus: What degree is the adverb laetissime?

VERY HAPPILY | SUPERLATIVE

Which Roman god holds the caduceus? | Bonus: Which Roman god holds the thyrsos?

MERCURY | BACCHUS

Identify the declension of the Latin words spes and facies. Bonus 1: Identify the declension of the Latin words vox and and carmen. Bonus 2: What is the genitive singular of spes?

FIFTH THIRD SPEI

What type of pronoun is found in the following sentence, “Pueri, qui discipuli optimi sunt, Latinam amant.” Bonus 1: Make the pronoun in that sentence singular. Bonus 2: Now make it singular and feminine.

RELATIVE QUI QUAE

Which two lovers were separated from each other by a wall in Babylon? Bonus 1: Who did Apollo love so much that he chased her through the forest until she was turned into a tree? Bonus 2: Who is the Roman god of love?

PYRAMUS AND THISBE DAPHNE CUPID

What is the Latin word for a mountain? Bonus 1: For the sky? Bonus 2: For a tree?

MONS CAELUM ARBOR

What was the largest group of Roman military organization, comprised of some 5,000 men? Bonus 1: What is the Latin name for the field in Rome on which the Roman military would practice? Bonus 2: What is the name of the elite group of soldiers that guarded the emperor?

LEGION CAMPUS MARTIUS PRAETORIAN GUARD

Most citizens in Rome lived in insulae as opposed to beautiful atrium-style houses. What the Latin root and its English meaning of the word “atrium”? Bonus: The atrium was characterized by a hole in the ceiling. What was this hole called?

ATER- BLACK | COMPLUVIUM

I am the king of Rome responsible for initiating the first ever Roman census. Who am I? Bonus 1: Which king immediately preceded this king? Bonus 2: Who was responsible for plotting this first king's death?

SERVIUS TULLIUS TARQUINIUS PRISCUS TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS or TULLIA

Say in Latin, “we can.” Bonus 1: What is the infinitive of possumus? Bonus 2: What is the second person plural of possumus?

POSSUMUS POSSE POTESTIS

Complete the following analogy. Caeruleus is to blue as _____ is to purple. Bonus 1: What is the Latin word for the color of grass? Bonus 2: What is the Latin word for the color of blood?

PURPUREUS VIRIDIS or PRASINUS RUBER

To what god was Venus married? | Bonus: How did Vulcan catch Mars and Venus in a compromising position?

VULCAN | USING A NET OF GOLD

Which emperor of Rome made his horse a senator? Bonus 1: A colossal statue of what emperor once stood next to the Colosseum? Bonus 2: What year was known as the year of the four emperors?

CALIGULA NERO 69 AD

Responde Latine. Decem multiplicatum per decem et (decem multiplicatum per decem) multiplicatum per decem. Bonus: Give one English derivative from mille.

CENTUM, MILLE | MILLIPEDE, MILLENNIUM, ETC.

Give the vocative of Sextus. Bonus 1: Give the vocative of Cornelius. Bonus 2: Give the vocative of Tullia.

SEXTE CORNELI TULLIA

What case follows the preposition cum? Bonus 1: What type of ablative is seen in the following sentence: “Veni cum amicis meis”? Bonus 2: What type of ablative is seen in the following sentence: “Gladiator pugnat gladio.”

ABLATIVE ACCOMPANIMENT MEANS

Complete the following analogy. Amat is to amabat as manemus is to _____. Bonus 1: What tense is manebamus? Bonus 2: Change manebamus to the singular.

MANEBAMUS IMPERFECT MANEBAM

Who am I? I single-handedly defended the Sublician Bridge. Bonus: Who am I? I am a famous woman who was traded to King Lars Porsenna in exchange for peace with Rome. I escaped across the river on my horse, only to be returned to Porsenna by the Romans.

HORATIUS COCLES | CLOELIA

What tense is the verb muniverant? Bonus 1: Make muniverant future perfect Bonus 2: Now make it future.

PLUPERFECT MUNIVERINT MUNIENT

What is the infinitive of the irregular verb eo? Bonus 1: Translate into English, “Ibimus.” Bonus 2: Now translate “Ii.”

IRE WE WILL GO I WENT

From what Latin noun and its English meaning does our English word “senile” come? Bonus 1: What Latin word means young man? Bonus 2: What Latin word means old woman?

SENEX- OLD MAN IUVENIS ANUS

What winged animals are well known for saving Rome by alerting its citizens in the night? Bonus 1: Speaking of animals, what are vespertiliones? Bonus 2: And what are ursi?

GEESE BATS BEARS

Using an irregular verb, translate “I wish” into Latin. Bonus 1: Using an irregular verb, translate “I do not wish” into Latin. Bonus 2: Make this plural.

VOLO NOLO NOLUMUS

Complete the following analogy cupimus is to cupiebamus as facit is to _____. Bonus 1: Make this perfect tense. Bonus 2: Make the verb from 1 pluperfect tense.

FACIEBAT FECIT FECERAT

Translate the pronoun in this phrase into Latin, “this girl.” Bonus 1: What is the genitive masculine plural of the demonstrative pronoun hic? Bonus 2: What is the accusative masculine plural of hic?

HAEC HORUM HOS

What declension is the noun “imperator”? Bonus 1: Using the noun “imperator,” say in Latin, “I will walk towards the leader.” Bonus 2: Make "I will walk" plural.

THIRD AMBULABO AD IMPERATOREM AMBULABIMUS

Of what large animals did Hannibal make use on his journey from Carthage to Rome? Bonus: What is the name of Hannibal’s brother?

ELEPHANTS | HASDRUBAL (BARCA)

What is the name for the series of three wars between Carthage and Rome? Bonus 1: Of the 2nd century AD, the 3rd century AD, or the 4th century AD, in what century did the 1st Punic War take place? Bonus 2: It wasn’t until the 20th century AD, hundreds and hundreds of years later, that the governments of Carthage and Rome signed a peace treaty. What is the Latin word for a treaty?

PUNIC WARS 3RD CENTURY AD FOEDUS

Whenever you hear the name of the Roman general Marius, you think of the name of what other Roman general, against whom Marius fought, also a dictator in Rome? Bonus 1: What other Roman dictator returned to his farm peacefully after he had completed his duties? Bonus 2: Julius Caesar was also the Roman dictator at one point in his career. What is Julius Caesar’s praenomen?

SULLA CINCINNATUS GAIUS

Which Roman Emperor is famous for seeing the sign of the cross above the battlefield? Bonus 1: This emperor moved the capital of the Roman Empire to modern day Turkey. What did he call his new capital? Bonus 2: What is the name of this capital today?

CONSTANTINE CONSTANTINOPLE ISTANBUL

In what year did the Roman Empire in the West fall? Bonus 1: In what year did the Roman Empire in the East fall? Bonus 2: At one point in its history, the Roman Empire was divided into four parts, led by four different emperors. What was this group of four emperors called?

476 AD 1453 AD TETRARCHY

Which god, half-goat and half-man, plays the pipes? Bonus 1: What is the name of the creatures who are half-horse and half-man? Bonus 2: What is the name of the creatures who are half-bird and half-woman?

PAN CENTAURS HARPIES

Who is the main character of Vergil’s famous epic poem? Bonus 1: From what city does this character flee? Bonus 2: Who is this character’s first wife?

AENEAS TROY CREUSA

Which mythological character fell in love with his own reflection? Bonus 1: Who is the maiden who loved Narcissus in vain? Bonus 2: Into what object does Narcissus turn after he wastes away?

NARCISSUS ECHO FLOWER

Complete this mythological pair. Orpheus and _____. Bonus 1: What instrument does Orpheus play? Bonus 2: To what god does Orpheus appeal?

EURYDICE LYRE PLUTO

Who am I? I am the god who is in love with Hyacinthus. I accidentally killed Hyacinthus with a discus. Bonus 1: Who is this god’s son who once had a wild ride in the chariot of the sun? Bonus 2: What other young son, once imprisoned on Crete, flew close to the sun?

APOLLO PHAETHON ICARUS

What are lares? | Bonus: Where were the they kept?

HOUSEHOLD GODS | LARARIUM/ALAE

What is the cursus honorum? | Bonus: What are the first and last offices in the cursus honorum?

THE SERIES OF SUCCESSION OF POLITICAL OFFICES IN ROMAN GOVERNMENT QUAESTOR and CONSUL OR CENSOR

Complete the name of this building: The ____ of Marcellus. Bonus 1: What is the difference between a Greek theatre and a Roman theatre? Bonus 2: What was the first stone theatre in Rome?

THEATRE GREEK THEATRES ARE BUILT INTO HILLSIDES, ROMAN THEATRES ARE FREESTANDING THEATRE OF POMPEY

Which Roman government official was in charge of the public games? Bonus 1: Which was a judge? Bonus 2: Who was in charge of the finances?

AEDILE PRAETOR QUAESTOR

From what Latin verb and its English meaning do we derive the word “vociferous”? Bonus 1: What is the third person singular of the verb fero? Bonus 2: What is the imperative plural of fero?

FERO/FERRE- TO CARRY/BEAR/ENDURE FERT FERTE

What tense is the verb feceramus? Bonus 1: What tense is the verb fecerimus? Bonus 2: What tense is the verb fecimus?

PLUPERFECT FUTURE PERFECT PERFECT

What is an arbor? Bonus 1: A nubis? Bonus 2: An apis?

TREE CLOUD BEE

From what Latin word and its English meaning does the word “coronary” come? Bonus 1: What is the pectus? Bonus 2: What is the auris?

COR- HEART CHEST EAR

What is the gustatio? | Bonus: What is a convivium?

AN APPETIZER | BANQUET

From what Latin number and its English meaning does the word “septentrional” come? Bonus: What is the Constellation made up of this number sister stars called?

SEPTEM- SEVEN | PLEIADES

As one of his labors, Hercules attacked what man-eating animals of Diomedes? Bonus 1: From where was the lion that Hercules killed? Bonus 2: What creature featured in the labors was from Lernea?

MARES/HORSES NEMEA HYDRA

What Roman food is panis? | Bonus: What Roman food is bubula?

BREAD | BEEF

Translate into English. “Navigaveramus per maria.” Bonus 1: What gender is maria? Bonus 2: What type of 3rd declension noun is mare?

WE HAD SAILED THROUGH THE SEAS NEUTER I-STEM

What television show would the ancient Romans have called Ala Occidentis? Bonus A: What would they have called Viginti Quattuor? Bonus B: What would they have called Lex et Ordo?

THE WEST WING TWENTY-FOUR LAW AND ORDER

What is the meaning of the Latin phrase sic transit gloria mundi? Bonus: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase ipso facto?

THUS GOES THE GLORY OF THE WORLD | BY THE VERY FACT

What profession utilizes the Latin phrase nolo contendere? Bonus 1: What is the opposite of nolo? Bonus 2: How do you say “y’all do not wish” in Latin?

LEGAL/LAW VOLO NON VULTIS

When a Roman general was highly successful, had killed many enemy soldiers, and won many battles, the Senate might vote him a what, which entitled him and his army to march victoriously through Rome? Bonus 1: What does “Hominem Te Memento” mean? Bonus 2: Who spoke this to the victorious general?

TRIUMPH/POMPA REMEMBER YOU ARE ONLY A MAN A SLAVE

What is a malum malum? Bonus 1: In Latin, what is the plural of malum malum? Bonus 2: What are liberi liberi?

A BAD APPLE MALA MALA FREE CHILDREN

Which Greek hero, the King of Ithaca, spent 20 years on a journey to return to his wife? Bonus 1: Who is the wife of this king? Bonus 2: Who is the son of this king?

ODYSSEUS PENELOPE TELEMACHUS

In Roman mythology, who is said to hold up the earth? Bonus 1: Who briefly took this person’s place holding up the earth? Bonus 2: For what king was the person from 1 performing his labors?

ATLAS HERCULES EURYSTHEUS

Translate the following phrase into English, “illa carmina.” Bonus 1: Make illa carmina singular? Bonus 2: Make that dative plural.

THOSE SONGS ILLUD CARMEN ILLIS CARMINIBUS

How does one say “nineteen” in Latin? Bonus 1: What Latin preposition and its meaning is found in the word undeviginti? Bonus 2: What is the Latin word for “fifty”?

UNDEVIGINTI DE MEANING ABOUT OR DOWN FROM QUINQUAGINTA

Translate into English. Decem horas ambulabamus. Bonus 1: Say in Latin “for two years.” Bonus 2: What use of the accusative is "for two years"?

WE WERE WALKING FOR TEN HOURS DUOS ANNOS DURATION OF TIME

Please translate the adjective “open” into Latin as it is used in the phrase “open certamen”. Bonus: The name “Latin” itself derives from the name of what geographic region in west-central Italy that was near ancient Rome?

APERTUM, ANIFESTUM, CADIDUM, PUBLICUM, INTEGRUM | LATIUM

What Olympian goddess turned the girl Arachne into a spider? Bonus: What king of Phrygia received donkey ears as punishment for misjudging a musical contest between the gods Pan and Apollo?

ATHENA | MIDAS

Responde Latine: Quid est septem et tres et quid est viginti minus duo?

DECEM, DUODEVIGINTI

In 260 B.C., Rome won its first major naval victory at Mylae against what rival nation? Bonus: In which Punic War did the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus earn the nickname Cunctator for the use of his delaying tactics against the Carthaginians? ANS: Second Punic War

CARTHAGE | SECOND PUNIC WAR

Latin adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in case, number and what one other way? BONUS: Make the adjective pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum (beautiful) grammatically agree with the noun poeta in the following Latin sentence. Audio verba poetae _____.

GENDER | PULCHRI

What young shepherd faced the difficult task of choosing “the fairest” among the goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite? Bonus: Of the three goddesses vying for the title of “fairest,” which one bribed Paris with the love of Helen, the world’s most beautiful mortal woman?

PARIS | APHRODITE

Which of these words is NOT derived from the same Latin root word: scribble, prescription, scrub, describe? Bonus: What is the meaning of the Latin verb scribo, scribere from which the other words derive?

SCRUB | TO WRITE

What Roman served as dictator for sixteen days only? He rescued the trapped Roman army from the Aequians and then famously relinquished his office and returned to a life of farming? Bonus: What Roman historian told the story of this Roman and many other famous heroes of the early Republic in a voluminous 142-book history of Rome written entirely on wax tablets?

(LUCIUS QUINCTUS) CINCINNATUS | LIVY (TITUS LIVIUS)

Since you are attending a convention, you should be able to tell me that the root Latin verb venio, venire, from which the word “convention” derives, means what? Bonus: What Latin preposition gets added as a prefix to the verb venio to make convenio, convenire, the compound verb meaning, “come together” or “gather”?

COME | CUM

Speaking of gatherings, the gods used to get together every once in a while too. One famous gathering came when Jupiter called a council of the gods to order the other gods to stop interfering with what Trojan refugee who was destined to found the city of Latium? Bonus: The importance of this refugee being able to fulfill his destiny was that his son would found the city of Alba Longa and his son’s descendants would eventually lead to Romulus and Remus. Who was this son?

AENEAS | IULIUS/ASCANIUS

Romulus, as you know, was the founder of Rome, but he was not necessarily its best king. Some might argue that this distinction goes to his successor, the second king of Rome, whose 43-year reign was known for its relative peacefulness and religious innovations. Who was this second king of Rome? Bonus: Unlike this second king, the third king of Rome is remembered for his hostile nature because he waged war against both the Albans and Sabines. Who was this third king of Rome?

NUMA (POMPILIUS) | TULLUS HOSTILIUS

Under what circumstance would the Romans call a consul a novus homo or “new man”? Bonus: What novus homo and military reformer held the consulship an unprecedented seven times during the late Republic?

WHEN THIS PERSON WAS THE FIRST IN HIS FAMILY TO HOLD THE OFFICE OF THE CONSUL (GAIUS) MARIUS

What English noun, meaning “a light, usually small umbrella carried as protection from the sun,” derives from a combination of the Latin verb parare and the Latin noun sol? Bonus: This noun literally prepares you for the sun. What object literally prepares you for a fall?

PARASOL | PARACHUTE (PARARE+CADERE- TO FALL

When you are recognized, perform the action indicated in the following Latin command: Fac sonum equi. Bonus: Now perform the action indicated in this Latin command: Tene manum dextram amici tui aut tuae amicae.

MAKE THE SOUND OF A HORSE | HOLD THE RIGHT HAND OF A MALE OR FEMALE FRIEND

What god created horses for mankind and fathered a flying horse named Pegasus with Medusa? Bonus: This god (rather than King Aegeus) is sometimes considered to be the father of what famous Athenian hero?

POSEIDON/NEPTUNE | THESEUS

Speaking of horses, what Julio-Claudian emperor was so fond of his racehorse Incitatus that some historians claimed he considered making him a consul? Bonus: Clearly Caligula was crazy. In fact, he was so crazy that he became intolerable and was eventually assassinated. What stuttering uncle of his replaced him as emperor of Rome?

CALIGULA (C. JULIUS CAESAR AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS) | (TIBERIUS) CLAUDIUS (NERO DRUSUS GERMANICUS)

A Roman man’s name usually consisted of a praenomen, nomen and cognomen. Which of the following names is an example of a praenomen: Julius, Pompeius, Africanus, Lucius, or Claudius? Bonus: What praenomen did the Romans abbreviate as “M.”?

LUCIUS | MARCUS

Make the following Latin verb future tense, keeping all of its other verbal characteristics the same: doceo. Bonus: Now do the same with the verb ago, keeping all other characteristics the same.

DOCEBO | AGAM

Translate “Caesar” into Latin as it would be expressed in the following sentence: “The senate named Caesar consul.” Bonus: Now translate the word “consul” into Latin.

CAESAREM | CONSULEM

Give your answer to the following question as a Roman numeral: Add the number of Latin declensions to the number of Latin conjugations. Bonus: Give your answer to the following question as a Roman numeral: Add the number of cases in Latin to the number of moods.

IX | X

Who am I? Though I am best remembered as a fierce warrior, I spent some time dressed in disguise as a girl. It wasn’t exactly my idea, but my mom Thetis wanted to protect me from going to Troy, where I was destined to die young. I must have been pretty good looking as a girl or a boy because in May, 2004, Brad Pitt played me on the silver screen in the movie Troy. Who am I? Bonus: Who am I? I was the clever Greek who lured the previous warrior out of his disguise. Of course I had tried to skip the war myself. I had pretended to be crazy, sewing salt in my fields, but Agamemnon’s ambassador threw my baby boy Telemachus before my plow to test my sanity. Since I stopped the plow, I was proven sane and fit to go to war. I then spent ten years in war and another ten trying to find my way home. Who am I?

ACHILLES | ODYSSEUS

Which of the following Latin terms does NOT refer to a feature of the Roman house: ianua, cubiculum, rudis, triclinium? Bonus: Give the definition of any one of the terms listed in the toss-up question.

RUDIS IANUA- DOOR, CUBICULUM- BEDROOM, RUDIS- WOODEN SWORD (GIVEN TO A GLADIATOR WHEN HE EARNED HIS FREEDOM)/WOODEN TRAINING SWORD, TRICLINIUM- DINING ROOM

What tense are all of the following verbs: poterint, capiam, doceberis, agemus, dabunt? Bonus: What Latin verb tense is expressed in English with the words “will have,” such as in the sentence “By the end of this round, you will have played twenty toss-up questions.”

FUTURE | FUTURE PERFECT

On which of the following hills did Romulus claim he saw twelve birds fly overhead, a sign he interpreted to mean that he was the destined founder and king of the new city: Aventine, Capitoline, Esquiline, Palatine? Bonus: While standing on the Aventine hill, Romulus’ twin brother also saw six birds and even saw his earlier than Romulus did. Who was Romulus’ brother and eventual rival?

PALATINE | REMUS

What domed temple, dedicated to all the gods, did the emperor Hadrian build in 125 AD, replacing another temple originally built by Agrippa on the Campus Martius? Bonus: The inscription on the front of this building indicates that Marcus Agrippa built the building during his third consulship. What three letters are used to abbreviate the word “consul” in this inscription?

PANTHEON | COS

A charioteer would race his horses around the dividing “backbone” or “spine” of the circus. What was the Latin term for this structure, which was often decorated with statues along its length and divided the racecourse into two even halves? Bonus: What was the term for the turning pillars posted at both ends of this structure?

SPINA | META(E)

What handsome but stuck-up young man suffered the unfortunate fate of looking into a pool of water and falling desperately in love with his reflection? Bonus: What prophet had foretold that this man would live a long life as long as he “never knew himself”?

NARCISSUS | TEIRESIAS

Translate the following sentence into English: post certamen, domum ambulabimus. Bonus: Now translate this sentence into English: heri in ludo nostro manebamus.

AFTER THE CERTAMEN, WE WILL WALK HOME | YESTERDAY, WE WERE STAYING IN OUR SCHOOL

Welcome to the final round of the certamen. You might say that to reach this point, you are one of the best at open certamen. What is the Latin adjective for “best”? Bonus: The positive degree of optimus is the adjective bonus, bona, bonum. Can you say what the Latin comparative degree of bonus is?

OPTIMUS, -A, -UM | MELIOR, MELIOR, MELIUS

What King of the Titans did a young Zeus overthrow in an epic war with the help of the Hecatoncheires, the “Hundred-Handed Ones”? Bonus: Later, what mortal hero’s help did Zeus need to defeat the Giants when they waged war upon the Olympian gods?

CRONUS/SATURN | HERACLES/HERCULES

Roman history is also marked by several significant struggles. What Etruscan King of Rome was overthrown in 509 BC in a rebellion that ended the era of the Monarchy? Bonus: What form of government was created to replace the monarchy?

TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS/TARQUIN THE PROUD | RES PUBLICA/THE REPUBLIC

Once the republican form of government was established, the Romans elected their leaders. What Latin phrase, literally meaning “the course of honors,” refers to the series of political offices that Roman politicians would climb in a specific order as they advanced through their careers? Bonus: In the course off honors a certain office was considered optional. The holder of this office was in charge of sponsoring games, theatrical productions and public buildings. What was this office?

CURSUS HONORUM | AEDILE

What second declension Latin noun meaning “a game” is also the word for “a school” or “a play”? Bonus: What word in English derives from ludus, ludi and means, among other definitions, “an entertainment between the acts of a play”?

LUDUS | INTERLUDE

When you are recognized, perform the action indicated in the following Latin command: Tange tuum caput et exclama tuum nomen. Bonus: Now perform the action indicated in this Latin command: Surgite et bis salute.

TOUCH YOUR HEAD AND YELL YOUR NAME | ALL STAND AND JUMP TWICE

The ancient Greeks and Romans would have associated a cornucopia with what goddess of the grain and earth? Bonus: While this goddess is considered an “earth goddess,” what older goddess is the personification of the earth itself and the mate of Ouranos, the sky?

DEMETER/CERES | GAIA

The Roman Empire at its peak covered most of the territory around the European world. In fact, because the Romans controlled all of the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, they had a special name for this body of water in Latin. Give the Latin nickname for the Mediterranean, which in English means “our sea”.

MARE NOSTRUM

Identify the Latin verb which is at the root of the following English derivatives: premonition, admonish, monitor. Bonus: Give all four principal parts of the Latin verb which is the root of the following English derivatives: dedication, donative, data, donor.

MONEO, MOERE, MONUE, MONITUS | DO, DARE, DEDI, DAUS (-A, -UM)

Eventually, the Roman Empire became too large to manage. Which of the five “good” emperors made it his policy to forgo some of the conquests of his predecessor Trajan and focus on consolidating existing territories? In Britannia, for example, this emperor built a famous defensive wall which still stands today.

HADRIAN (AKA PUBLIC AELIUS HADRIANUS)

A Roman individual writing a letter in 59 BC might indicate the date with the phrase “in the consulship of Caesar.” Identify the case in which the word consul would be written in that expression. Bonus: Identify the case in which the proper noun Caesar would be written in the phrase “in the consulship of Caesar.”

ABLATIVE | GENITIVE

Welcome to TJ Sci-Tech. From what Latin verb with what meaning do we get the word “science”? Bonus: The word “grades” comes from what Latin noun with what meaning?

SCIO, SCIRE- TO KNOW | GRADUS, GRADUS- STEP, DEGREE, LEVEL, ETC.

Who am I? It was prophesied that I would kill my grandfather, Acrisius, so I was shut into a wooden box and thrown into the sea. Bonus: With what object did this person indeed kill his grandfather, many years later?

PERSEUS | A DISCUS

What did gladiators say to the presiding official before the games? Bonus: What slave led a famous uprising beginning at the gladiator school at Capua?

NOS MORITURI TE SALUTAMUS | SPARTACUS

Please give the exact date for the founding of Rome. | Bonus: Upon his death, the first Roman king Romulus was deified. What was his new name?

APRIL 21, 753 BC[E] | QUIRINUS

All Latin students know that ita vero means “Yes!” But what does vero truly mean? Bonus: What is the Latin word for the noun “truth”?

TRULY, IN TRUTH, IN FACT, CERTAINLY, ETC. | VERAS

What do the following have in common? Cocytus, Phlegethon, Acheron, Lethe, Styx. Bonus: What was Phlegethon?

RIVERS OF THE UNDERWORLD | THE RIVER OF FIRE

What was a freed slave called? | Bonus: What did the Romans call the process of freeing a slave?

LIVERTUS | MANUMISSIO

During the Second Punic War, who was the Carthiginian general who defeated the Romans in many battles, most notably Cannae? Bonus: The battle of Cannae happened in 216 BC. What other major defeat for the Romans occurred the previous year?

HANNIBAL | LAKE TRASIMENE

Listen to the following Latin passage and answer in English the questions that follow: Ningebat. Liberi gaudebant. Magistri magistraeque videbantur dolere sed non sic erant. Vehicula agi in viis frigidis non potuerunt. Igitur, curator scholarum dixit ludos aperituros esse post duas horas. Discipuli irati ad ludum ierunt, sed complures lapsi in terram cecidit et capita eorum fracta sunt. Postea, parentes iratissimi fuerunt. What were the vehicles not able to do? Bonus: What happened to some of the students when they went to school?

THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO BE DRIVEN ON THE COLD STREETS | HAVING SLIPPED, THEY FELL INTO THE GROUND AND THEIR HEADS WERE BROKEN

From what Latin verb with what meaning do we get the English word subscription? Bonus: From what Latin verb with what meaning do we get the English word substantial?

SCRIBO, SCRIBERE- TO WRITE | STO, STARE- TO STAND

Which from the following list were nymphs of fresh water: Dryads, Oreads, Naiads, Nereids ? Bonus: These nymphs, having been chased by Orion, were turned into a constellation.

NAIADS | PLEIADES

Name Rome's first province. | Bonus: Which other two islands did Rome gain control over after the First Punic War?

SICILY | CORSICA AND SARDINIA

Translate into English: Proelio pugnato, porci gaudebant. | Bonus: Translate into Latin: He has walked for ten days.

AFTER THE BATTLE HAD BEEN FOUGHT, THE PIGS WERE REJOICING | DECEM DIES AMBULAVIT

What is the superlative of multus? | Bonus: What is the comparative of facillimum?

PLURIMUS | FACILIUS

For what crime was Orestes tried? | Bonus: Who tormented until he was found innocent?

MATRCIDE | ERINNYES/EUMENDES/FURIES

Conjugate nolo in the present tense. | Bonus: Name the infinitives of nolo and volo.

NOLO, NON VIS, NON VULT, NOLUMUS, NON VULTIS, NOLUNT | NOLO- NOLLE, VOLO-VELLE

Who was chiefly responsible for putting down Spartacus's slave revolt? Bonus: Who took the majority of the credit for that achievement?

CRASSUS | POMPEY

Welcome to the Bibliotheca Romana. What book would be known in Latin as Necare Avem Ridentem? Bonus: What Agatha Christie book would be known as Et Deinde Erant Nulli?

TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD | AND THEN THERE WERE NONE

Everybody at TJ takes calculus. What is the meaning of the Latin noun calculus? Bonus: The word “calculus” ultimately derives from “calx” meaning stone/chalk and the diminutive ending –ulus. Using that ending, how would you form the diminutive “little girl”?

PEBBLE | PUELLULA

Who was Oedipus’ mother and wife? | Bonus: When Oedipus found out that his wife was also his mother, what did he do to himself?

JOCASTA | BLINDED HIMSELF WITH JOCASTA'S BROOCH

Translate just the verb in the following sentence: “The boy was seen by the wolf.” Bonus: Now translate the whole sentence.

VISUS EST/VIDEBATUR | PUER LUPO VEDEBATUR

Give the Latin names of the four teams or factiones that competed in chariot races? Bonus: What English word, meaning “to imprison”, is derived from the Latin word for the starting gates at the circus?

ALBATI, VENETI, PRASINI, RUSSATI | INCARCERATE

Say in Latin, “the seven cities” | Bonus: Say in Latin, “the seventh city”

SEPTEM URBES | SEPTIMA URBS

Complete the analogy: illi is to illius as huic is to ___. | Bonus: Complete the analogy: laetus is to laetior as laete is to ____.

HUIUS | LAETIUS

How many wars did the Romans fight with the Samnites? | Bonus: Which major defeat did the Romans suffer in 321 B.C.E?

3 | CAUDINE FORKS

Quis sum? Filius solis sum. Quando ego egi quadrigam solis, Iuppiter me necavit. Bonus: This nymph turned into a sunflower when she was rejected by the sun god.

PHAETHON | CLYTIE

The word “opera,” also the name of a web browser, comes from what Latin noun with what meaning? Bonus: Netscape Navigator is another web browser. From what noun AND verb with what meanings do we get the word “navigator”?

OPUS, OPERIS- WORK | NAVIS- SHIP, AGERE- TO DRIVE

Who wrote the major historical work Ab Urbe Condita? | Bonus: Livy wrote during the reign of which emperor?

LIVY | AUGUSTUS

Translate the motto of California State University: vox, veritas, vita. Bonus: Translate the motto of Canada: a mari usque ad mare.

VOICE, TRUTH, LIFE | FROM SEA ON TO SEA

Quis sum? I defended my people against the Aequi, who had trapped the forces of the consul Minucius Esquilinus in the Alban Hills. Though, by law, I had six months with the powers of dictator, I returned to my farm in 15 days, after defeating the Aequan forces. There is a city in Ohio named after me. Bonus: Which famous Roman defended the bridge across the Tiber against the forces of Lars Porsenna?

CINCINNATUS | HORATIUS COCLES

Who am I? I disguised myself as my nephew Ascanius so that I could, on my mother’s orders, shoot Dido with an arrow of love. Bonus: Who was my mother, who gave the orders, and my brother, who was the recipient of Dido’s affections?

CUPID | VENUS, AENEAS

Say in Latin, “Teachers teach many things.” | Bonus: Say in Latin, “We don’t believe them.”

MAGISTRI MULTA RES DOCENT | NOS NON CREDIMUS EIS

Responde Latine: Quaenam est tempestas hodie? | Bonus: Say in Latin, “Yesterday it was snowing for a long time.”

``` SOL LUCET (SUNNY), PLUIT (RAINING), NINGIT (SNOWING), FULGURAT (LIGHTNING/THUNDER), NUBES SUNT (THERE ARE CLOUDS) HERI, NINGEBAT DIU ```

Which Gallic chieftan led a revolt against Caesar, and was finally defeated in 52 B.C.E? Bonus: At which battle was he defeated?

VERCINGETORIX | ALESIA

This three-faced goddess ruled crossroads and witchcraft. | Bonus: This goddess was the leader of the Nereids.

HECATE | AMPHITRITE

Translate just the quam phrase in the following sentence? Quintus est altior quam sua mater. Bonus: How do you translate the quam phrase in the following sentence? Advenite domum quam celerrime.

THAN IS MOTHER | AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE

``` Listen to the following passage and answer in English the questions that follow: Olim erat discipulus huius scholae. Prima hora discipulus surrexit, et ad scholam ivit, multitudinem librorum ferens. Post prandium, examen difficillimum de lingua Gallica scripsit. Tandem, domum rediit et usque ad mediam noctem scholae laborem faciebat. What class did he have after lunch (period and subject)? Bonus: What was the TJ student carrying and until what time did he work on his homework ? ```

5TH PERIOD FRENCH | A BIG HEAVY BAG, MIDNIGHT

Which of the following words is not derived from the same Latin word as the others: Domicile, dominion, domestic, dome? Bonus: From what Latin noun with what meaning is this word derived?

DOMINION | DOMINUS- MASTER

Between what two monsters did Odysseus sail? | Bonus: How long did Odysseus remain on Ogygia?

SCYLLA AND CHARYBDIS | SEVEN YEARS

Give the present passive infinitive form of the verb vinco, vincere. Bonus: What tense and voice of the verb did Caesar use when he said “Veni Vidi Vici?”.

VINCI | PERFECT ACTIVE

What, according to the poet Juvenal, were the only remaining cares of Romans under the Empire? Bonus: To what hero were gladiators particularly devoted?

PANEM ET CIRCENSES- BREAD AND CIRCUSES | HERCULES

Give the third person plural, future passive indicative form of the word meaning to throw, from which we get the English word “object.” Bonus: Give the present active participle, “throwing.”

IACIENTUR | IACIENS

This man was tormented by insatiable hunger and thirst as his punishment in Tartarus. Bonus: This man was consumed by insatiable hunger after he offended Demeter by cutting down a sacred oak.

TANTALUS | ERYSICHTON

Give the locative translation for the word Romae. Bonus: We know that cities, towns and small islands take the locative case. Give two of the additional nouns which have a locative form.

IN ROME | DOMUS, HUMUS, RUS

Where would a Roman NOT go to bathe: thermae, balneae, rostra, or frigidaria? Bonus: What was the word for a changing room in a bath?

ROSTRA | APODYTERIUM

Differentiate in meaning between opus and onus. | Bonus: Differentiate in meaning between cedo and caedo.

OPUS- WORK/ACHIEVEMENT ONUS-BURDEN/LOAD | CEDO-YIELD, CAEDO- CUT DOWN/KILL

Under whose rule did the Empire reach its greatest extent? | Bonus: Who added the most territory to the Empire?

TRAJAN | AUGUSTUS

What were Roman policemen-firemen called? | Bonus: Which emperor instituted the vigiles?

VIGILES | AUGUSTUS

Translate only the word “better” in the sentence, “This certamen is better than that certamen.” Bonus: Now from that same sentence, translate “than that certamen.”

MELIUS | QUAM ILLUD CERTAMEN

What JK Rowling character am I? My first name is another name for the dog-star, quite appropriate given how I can transform. If my last name were also Latin it would be “Ater” or “Niger.”. Bonus: Who am I? I am symbolized by creatures such as Pigwidgeon and Errol, and the transfiguration professor at Hogwarts bears my name.

SIRIUS BLACK | MINERVA

Level 2 Flashcards

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