Levture #1

Question 0

Define evolution

Answer 0

Change in the genetic makeup of the population through time

Question 1

Why was the theory of evolution by natural selection so revolutionary?

Answer 1

1. Overturn the idea that species are static. 2. Replaced have a logical thinking with population thinking 3. It was scientific; a proposed a mechanism that could account for change her time and make predictions that could be tested thru observation and experimentIng

Question 2

Who discovered the theory of evolution?

Answer 2

Jean Baptiste Lamark

Question 3

What where some of Lamark’s important discoveries?

Answer 3

Inheritance of acquired characteristics; organisms change because living circumstances change; species get progressively better

Question 4

What were some of Malthus’ important contributions to evolution discovery?

Answer 4

“Essays on principles of evolution”; he discovered a large population of people in Ireland were moving to cities, thus he concluded that a human population left to resources will always outstripped those resources; populations grow exponentially

Question 5

Prior to the theory of evolution, what did most biologists think about species?

Answer 5

Species were immutable and unchanging

Question 6

What was Linnaeus’ discovery?

Answer 6

Classical taxonomy; created the two-part scientific naming system

Question 7

Name the taxonomic groups.

Answer 7

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 8

How many kingdoms did scientists believe there were and in which groups were organisms classified?

Answer 8

5; monera. Protista, fungi, animalia, plantae

Question 9

What did Ernest Haeckel discover in taxonomy?

Answer 9

there were three kingdoms: Protists, plantae, animalia

Question 10

Define cladistics.

Answer 10

Principle that relationships among species can be reconstructed by identifying shared derived characters

Question 11

Define synapomorphies.

Answer 11

Shared derived characters or treat found in one or more talk so that is present in their most recent ancestor, but missing in more distant ones

Question 12

Define Homology.

Answer 12

“Same source” in Latin; traits are similar due to shared ancestry

Question 13

Define homoplasy.

Answer 13

“Same form” in Latin; truth or similar for reasons other than shared ancestry; usually caused by convergent evolution, or natural selection favors some more solutions for problems posed to different species

Question 14

Define molecular taxonomy.

Answer 14

Organisms with sequenced genomes.

Question 15

What is the excepted classification scheme?

Answer 15

Three domains of life: bacteria, archaea, eucarya

Question 16

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 16

Bacteria, archaea (unicellular, prokaryotes) , and eucarya (majority of animals are here; multicellular; Protists, plantae, fungi, animals)

Question 17

Define population.

Answer 17

Same species existing in the same area at the same time

Question 18

What did Cuvier believe about species?

Answer 18

They are fixed

Question 19

Darwin emphasized descent by modification. What did he mean by that?

Answer 19

1. Species change through time.

2. Species are related by common ancestry

Question 20

How did it geology inform Darwin and Wallace is work? How did it help them think about evolution?

Answer 20

1. Scientists had just assembled the fossil record, which could this about the fossils that I’ve been found on earth. 2. Observations of extinct species proved species evolved.

Question 21

What is the geologic timescale and what role did it play in fossil record?

Answer 21

The geologic timescale is the sequence named in intervals called eons, errands, and. The river than the major events in Earth history. It was important because it indicated that the earth was much older than the 6000 years claimed by proponents of special creation.

Question 22

What role did radioactive dating play in the fossil record?

Answer 22

Radioactive dating is the steady rate at which unstable atoms are converted into more stable daughter atoms; it furnish the way to assign absolute ages in years to the relative ages in the geologic timescale

Question 23

How old is earth?

Answer 23

4.6 billion yrs old

Question 24

What were some observations that suggested that evolution had occurred?

Answer 24

The fossil record, similarities and structure on a cellular and sub cellular level, homologies which are similarities and structures, similarities and development (developmental homology),vestigial and imperfect structures, artificial selection, molecular record

Question 25

What is a vestigial trait and what are some examples?

Answer 25

A reduced or incompletely developed structure that has a reduced or no function; wells with tiny hip bones, ostriches with reduced wings they can't fly away

Question 26

What are some of the examples of change through time?

Answer 26

Bacteria Evald resistance to draw; insects Evald resistance to have the signs; flowering plants and insects evolve in response to climate change

Question 27

What did Darwin observed when he took his trip on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos islands?

Answer 27

The mockingbirds he collected from different islands were distinct species based on the differences in coloration and beak size and shape

Question 28

What are the types of homologies and why is a homologies significant?

Answer 28

Structural, developmental, and genetic. Margie's are important because they reinforce the theory of evolution by natural selection in. Is species are created independently of one another these types of scenarios would not occur

Question 29

How did Darwin use artificial selection to reinforce his ideas about evolution?

Answer 29

He crossbred pigeons and observe tell characteristics were passed on to their offspring; he realize he could choose individuals with desirable traits to reproduce that's manipulating the composition of the population

Question 30

What role did Malthus play in Darwins ideas?

Answer 30

He believed in a struggle for existence or people competing for food and places to live; he wrote an essay on the principle of population

Question 31

What were the four postulates that formed Darwins theory of evolution by natural selection in?

Answer 31

Heritable variation leads to differential reproductive success

Question 32

What is natural selection?

Answer 32

Occurs when individuals with certain characteristics produce more offspring than individuals without those characteristics. The individuals are selected naturally by the environment

Question 33

What were Darwins for proposed mechanisms for natural selection?

Answer 33

1. Not all offspring survive 2. Variation exists through random mutation and recombination during fertilization 3. Favorable variations are passed on 4. Most unfavorable variations die

Question 34

What predictions could be made from Darwins theory of natural selection's?

Answer 34

Earth is probably old, transitional forms can be found in the fossil record, changes from one species to another and fossil record will occur incrementally, convergent evolution and island inhabitants be similar to mainland relatives but there'll be different

Question 35

What does Charles Lyell believe and how does he contributes to Darwins ideas about evolution?

Answer 35

Leaves organisms change and evolve; publishes principles of geology; leaves and geologic and biological change; notices island populations are different from the mainland plants and animals that Darwin discovers

Question 36

Were some popular misconception that evolution and natural selection in?

Answer 36

Evolution occurs by chance, abolitionist progressive, there's an increase in diversely, and increasing complexity.