lexis and semantics

Question 1

What is the role of an adjective?

Answer 1

to describe or modify a noun

Question 2

What is a comparative adjective?

Answer 2

used to make comparisons
e.g. hotter,bigger

Question 3

What is a superlative adjective?

Answer 3

used to determine the highest or lowest
e.g. greatest

Question 4

What is an attributive adjective?

Answer 4

used before a noun
e.g. the large balloon

Question 5

What is a predicative adjective?

Answer 5

used after a copular verb
e.g. the ballon is large

Question 6

What is a descriptive adjective?

Answer 6

a descriptive adjective is objective
e.g. green, big

Question 7

What is an evaluative adjective?

Answer 7

an evaluative adjective is subjective
e.g. pretty, boring

Question 8

What is a proper noun?

Answer 8

refer to specific people and places
e.g. Paris

Question 9

What are common nouns?

Answer 9

less specific and refer to types of people, places and feelings
e.g. city, man

Question 10

What are concrete nouns?

Answer 10

refers to things that exist physically
e.g. table, chair

Question 11

What is an abstract noun?

Answer 11

refers to things that don’t exist physically, like feelings and ideas
e.g. love

Question 12

What are collective nouns?

Answer 12

refers to groups of people, animals or objects
e.g. team, family, flock

Question 13

What are dynamic verbs?

Answer 13

verbs that refer to physical or perceptual actions
e.g. run, break, eat, dance

Question 14

What is a stative verb?

Answer 14

verbs that refer to states/conditions
e.g. know, like, understand, seem

Question 15

What is a standard auxiliary verb?

Answer 15

‘have’ or ‘be’ when used to show aspect or the passive voice
e.g. I have eaten, I am eating

Question 16

What is a modal auxiliary verb?

Answer 16

words like: will, could, should, might, may, etc
which convey an attitude towards the verb

Question 17

What are phrasal verbs?

Answer 17

verbs that have a special form that includes an extra particle(usually a preposition) which goes with the verb
e.g. she gave back the money/ she gave the money back

Question 18

What are transitive verbs?

Answer 18

verbs that must be followed by some kind of other phrase to make sense
e.g. my son made…a cake

Question 19

What are ditransitive verbs?

Answer 19

verbs that need 2 objects
e.g. David gave Eleanor(1) the book(2)

Question 20

What are intransitive verbs?

Answer 20

verbs that cannot be followed by a direct object
e.g. Susan smiled

Question 21

What are pronouns?

Answer 21

take the place of nouns

Question 22

What are personal pronouns?

Answer 22

replace the name of a person
e.g. I, you,we

Question 23

What are interrogative pronouns?

Answer 23

used to ask a question in a sentence
e.g. which, what, who, whose, when, why, where

Question 24

What are demonstrative pronouns?

Answer 24

are pointing pronouns
e.g. this, that, those, these

Question 25

What are **reflexive** pronouns?

Answer 25

when the object is the same as the subject of the verb e.g. myself, yourself

Question 26

What are **relative** pronouns?

Answer 26

used at the beginning of a relative subordinate clause e.g. who, whom, whose, which, that our friend, **who** is a fireman, is very brave

Question 27

What are **indefinite** pronouns?

Answer 27

don’t specify, they are very open e.g. something, anything, someone, everyone, some, any

Question 28

What are **possessive** pronouns?

Answer 28

they specify ownership e.g. mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs

Question 29

What are **determiners**?

Answer 29

they occur **before a noun** to determine something about the noun

Question 30

What is a **definite article**?

Answer 30

the

Question 31

What is an **indefinite article**?

Answer 31

a

Question 32

What are **numerals**?

Answer 32

one, two, three, etc

Question 33

What are **possessive determiners**?

Answer 33

signify possession e.g. my, his

Question 34

What is a **coordinating conjunction**?

Answer 34

show **equal** grammatical importance e.g. **f**or, **a**nd, **n**or, **b**ut, **o**r, **y**et, **s**o (white shirt **or** black shirt)

Question 35

What is a **subordinating conjunction**?

Answer 35

they link a main clause to one that’s **less important** to the subject of the sentence e.g. since, although, because, unless, whether, whereas

Question 36

What are **prepositions**?

Answer 36

the relationship between nouns, in terms of space or direction e.g. in, on, under, next to, beside, etc

Question 37

What are **adverbs**?

Answer 37

the describe or modify a verb

Question 38

What are the different types of adverb?

Answer 38

- adverb of degree - adverb of place - adverb of time - adverb of manner - adverb of frequency

Question 39

examples of adverbs of time

Answer 39

yesterday, tomorrow, later, early

Question 40

examples of adverbs of place

Answer 40

there, homewards, here, across

Question 41

examples of adverbs of manner

Answer 41

gent**ly**, slow**ly**, angri**ly**

Question 42

examples of adverbs of frequency

Answer 42

always, continuously, regularly

Question 43

examples of adverbs of degree

Answer 43

definitely, certainly, indeed