LIBERALISM Flashcards
(11 cards)
What were John Locke’s contributions to liberalism
The ‘social contract theory’ - Whereby the government derives its legitimacy from the consent of the people
The government “should always be the servant”
‘Two Treatsies of Civil Government’ - 1689
State exists via ‘mechanistic theory’ rather than “organic”
John Stuart Mills contribution to liberalism
‘Harm Principle’ - individuals should be free to do anything exept harm others
Government should ALWAYS be limited
Tolerance of minority views
Voltaire’s contribution to ‘tolerance’
“I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
John Rawls contribution to liberalism
Society should be governed under a ‘veil of ignorance’
inequality is inevitable but the Gap of inequality should be minimised
Mary Wollstonecraft’s contribution to liberalism
‘A Vindication of the Rights of Women’ 1792
“the mind has no gender”
women should have control of their finance and be able to contribute to the economy via career
women should be liberated via educaiton
Betty Friedan’s contribution to liberalism
‘Feminine Mystique’ 1963
Argued that being confined to the domestic sphere led to a lack of fulfilment and deep unhappiness
women deserve the opportunity to choose whether they want a carrer or children
differing stances on the role of the state
‘night watchmen state’ - CLASSICAL
‘enabling state’ - MODERN
differing conditions of freedom
‘the absence of restraint’ is the highest form of freedom
the absence of restraint alone can no longer be the basis of freedom
+ - freedoms?
Isiah Berlin - ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’ - 1958
Positive freedoms
Negative freedoms
Liberals in the economy
Classical - HANDS OFF,
Adam Smith
Modern - INTERVENTION is necessary / benefical to avoid the dangers of unregulated capitalism
John Maynard KEYENES / KEYENSIAN economics
Beveridge report 1942 - 5 Giants
Jean-Jacques- Rousseau contribution to liberalism
“man is naturally good, and it is from these (social) institutions alone than men become wicked”
“man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains”
“humans are inherently good, with an inclination towards kindness and cooperation” (18th C)
