Liberalism Flashcards
(20 cards)
Harm Principle
Developed by JSM. States that people should be able to make choices about their lives without interference of the state as long as those actions don’t harm others.
State Of Nature
Developed by John Locke. It is a theoretical device that describes how people would live before formal laws. In this state individuals have the god given rights of liberty, life and property. The state should protect these.
Social Contract
Developed by John Locke. A theoretical agreement with the state. In turn for obeying the laws, the government protects rights. If the government fails to do so they have the right to remove consent.
Constitutional Restraints
Prevent the state from abusing it powers through separation of powers and a bill of rights.
Negative freedom
Individuals should be able to make their own decisions without state interference
Laissez-fare Capitalism
Allow to do, capitalism functions best with minimal state interference.
Three key features of a liberal democracy
A respect for individual rights and freedoms
Limitations on the power of the state
Free and fair elections to express the will of the people.
Equality
The belief that individuals are of equal value and that they should be treated fairly by the state and society.
Types of Equality
Formal equality
Foundational equality
Equality of opportunity
Formal equality
All individuals should have the same legal and political rights. The law must prevent discrimination to create equality for all.
Foundational equality
We are all born with rights by virtue of being human.
Equality of opportunity
Everyone should have the same chances in life to succeed.
Individualism
The individual is of primary importance and should be at the forefront of political thought.
Rationalism
Human beings are rational self seeking creatures, capable of self governance.
Egoisitical Individualism
Individual freedom is associated with self interest and reliance. We are responsible for our own success and should not have to consider what is beneficial for society as society is atomistic.
Developmental Individualism
Individualism is linked to people being able to achibr their potential, collective society. JSM- We should work toward a common good.
Veil of ignorance
Everyone would choose to live in a society with a welfare state that enabled freedom and equal opportunity for all if they didn’t know what they’d be born into.
Positive freedom
The ability to do something
Keynesian Economics
Governments should play an active role in their countries economies. They shouldn’t rely on the invisible hand.
Five giants
Poverty
Lack of education
Ill health
Poor living conditions
Unemployment
