Life and Evolution Unit Review

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

Are organisms that are able to mate with their own and have functioning fertile offspring.

Question 2

Speciation

Answer 2

Is the evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species.

Question 3

Adaptive radiation

Answer 3

Is the process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into many new forms.

Question 4

Mass extinction

Answer 4

Is a wide spread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth.

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

Is the process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 6

Coevolution

Answer 6

Is the process by which two or more species evolve in collaboration by exerting selection pressures on each other. EX) Predators and prey

Question 7

Genetic drift

Answer 7

Is the change genotypes in a small population. There is a chance of disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or aren’t able to reproduce. It is a random event.

Question 8

Descent with modification

Answer 8

The principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time.

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

Is a heritable trait that helps the survival of an organism in its present environment.

Question 10

Fitness

Answer 10

Is the result of adaptation and the struggle for existence.

Question 11

Prezygotic

Answer 11

Those that prevent mating between different species.

Question 12

Postzygotic

Answer 12

Those that reduce the likelihood that an offspring will survive after mating has occurred, but before the offspring is actually born.

Question 13

Temporal isolation

Answer 13

Is an evolutionary mechanism that prevents species from mating because they breed at different times. These differences can be time of day, season or even different years.

Question 14

Geographical Isolation

Answer 14

Is an evolutionary mechanism that refers to a population of animals, plants or other organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with their same species.

Question 15

Gradualism

Answer 15

Selection and variation that happens more gradually. Change is slow, constant, and consistent.

Question 16

Punctuated Equilibrium

Answer 16

Change comes in spurts. The species changes very rapidly over a few generations, then settles down again to a period of little change.

Question 17

Theory

Answer 17

A broad explanation for events that is widely accepted as true.

Question 18

Artificial selection

Answer 18

Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms.

Question 19

Abiogenesis

Answer 19

“Life from non-life”

Question 20

Biogenesis

Answer 20

“Life from life.”

Question 21

Which scientist used a meat experiment to disprove spontaneous generation?

Answer 21

Francesco Redi

Question 22

Which scientist proved the existence of microorganisms?

Answer 22

Louis Pasteur

Question 23

Which scientist proposed the theory or natural selection (adaptive radiation)?

Answer 23

Charles Darwin

Question 24

Which scientist said that organism change because of an inner need to change? (Inheritance of acquired characteristics)

Answer 24

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Question 25

Give and example of adaptation

Answer 25

Thick white fur to help keep polar bears warm and camouflaged.

Question 26

Results of adaptation in a population due to a change.

Answer 26

Successful adaptations allow organisms to become better suited to their environments

Question 27

Name one species unique to Galápagos Islands

Answer 27

marine iguanas

Question 28

What was the main difference between finches in different islands?

Answer 28

size and shape of their beaks

Question 29

Name 3 selective pressures

Answer 29

-Competition -Pollution -Change in climate

Question 30

"Other homeland" speciation

Answer 30

Allopatric speciation occurs when a population of organisms becomes separated or isolated from their main group.

Question 31

"Same homeland" speciation

Answer 31

Sympatric speciation happens in a population without geographic isolation. Involves changes in the chromosomes of the organism.

Question 32

Prevents mating between different species

Answer 32

Reproductive barriers

Question 33

Mating rituals are examples of which isolation?

Answer 33

Behavioural isolation

Question 34

Breeding at different times is an example of which isolation?

Answer 34

Temporal isolation

Question 35

Physical Barries are examples of which isolation?

Answer 35

Geographic and habitat isolation

Question 36

When two or more species evolve in tandem

Answer 36

Coevolution

Question 37

True or False: A human arm and a bat wing are analogues

Answer 37

False, they are homologous.

Question 38

True or False: A butterfly wing and a bat wing are analogous.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Similar structure, different function

Answer 39

Homologous Body Structures

Question 40

Different structure, similar function

Answer 40

Analogous Structures

Question 41

What does LUCA stand for?

Answer 41

last universal common ancestor

Question 42

List the 3 steps in natural selection.

Answer 42

1. Struggle for existence 2. Survival of the Fittest 3. Descent With Modification

Question 43

Analogous structures are an example of which type of evolution?

Answer 43

Convergent evolution

Question 44

Homologous structures are an example of which type of evolution?

Answer 44

divergent evolution

Question 45

The human tailbone is an example of which structure?

Answer 45

vestigial structure

Question 46

What is the common ancestor of four-limed animals?

Answer 46

a fish

Question 47

The study of the distribution of life over geographical areas.

Answer 47

Biogeography

Question 48

What is the name of Darwins book published in 1859?

Answer 48

On the Origin of Species

Question 49

The study of embryos to identify similarities and differences between species.

Answer 49

Comparative embryology

Question 50

Give and example of humans using artificial selection.

Answer 50

dog breeding

Question 51

Antibiotics and bacteria are in what is known as an...

Answer 51

Evolutionary arms race

Question 52

Red and green beetles are in the grass. Which beetle is most likely to survive?

Answer 52

-Green beetles are more likely to survive because they are able to camouflage in the grass.

Question 53

Where do scientist believe LUCA lived?

Answer 53

Hydrothermal vents

Question 54

What is spontaneous generation?

Answer 54

is the idea that inanimate objects create animate objects.

Question 55

Which protein do scientists often use to check for DNA similarities?

Answer 55

Hemoglobin