life at cellular level 1-4

Question 1

acts as a free energy carrier, coupling anabolic and catabolic reactions using phosphate group transfers.
are used in redox reactions as electron carriers.

Answer 1

ATP/ADP

Question 2

used in redox reactions as electron carriers.

Answer 2

NADP/NAD and FAD

Question 3

define spontaneity of reaction

Answer 3

Gibbs free energy

Question 4

G = H - TS

Answer 4

S entropy
T abs temp
H enthalpy - Heat released

Question 5

Glycolysis in muscles – Glucose -> Pyruvate -> Lactate

Answer 5

Redox Reactions – Usually 2 electrons are gained or lost.

Question 6

Formation and breaking of nucleic acids and proteins

Answer 6

Condensation/Hydrolysis

Question 7

Transfer of phosphate groups in glycolysis

Answer 7

Group Transfers

Question 8

Glucose-6-Phosphate -> Fructose-6-Phosphate in Glycolysis

Answer 8

Internal Rearrangements

Question 9

Cleavage of Glucose in Glycolysis

Answer 9

Making/breaking C-C bonds

Question 10

nucleic monomers are linked by

Answer 10

3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds

Question 11

C forms …. hydrogen bond with G

Answer 11

3

Question 12

A forms …. hydrogen bond with T

Answer 12

2

T = Two

Question 13

ER - that syn fat

Answer 13

smooth ER

Question 14

ER - that syn proteins

Answer 14

rough ER -

ribosomes present - protein factory

Question 15

Stack of flattened vesicles which package and process secretory proteins and complex polysaccharides

Answer 15

golgi

Question 16

Contain amorphous granular materials which are used to break down bacteria and debris.

Answer 16

Lysosome

Question 17

Contain enzymes
• Catalase – Regulates hydrogen peroxide conc.
• OXIdases – Involved in Beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acids

Answer 17

PerOXIsome

Question 18

oxidation + Krebs Cycle

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

fine strands of actin

Answer 19

microfilament

in small intestine - microvilli

Question 20

9 pairs of micro-tubules

Answer 20

cilia

flagellum

Question 21

H bond strongest when 3 atoms involved are in a …. line

Answer 21

straight

Question 22

blood H2CO3 act as a

Answer 22

buffer - biocarbonate (in plasma)

in cells - phoshate buffers

H-H eq

Question 23

The stronger acid dissociate ….,

Answer 23

more

same with bases

Question 24

pH is a measure of

Answer 24

proton conc

Question 25

Buffers are solutions of

Answer 25

weak acids In solution, acids dissociate to a conjugate acid-base pair. Weak acids do not dissociate very much.

Question 26

support and maintain cell shape holds organelles in position moves organelles

Answer 26

cytoskeleton e.g. microfilaments and microtubules

Question 27

seals gap between cells | physical barrier to diffusion across cells

Answer 27

tight junction

Question 28

allow small water soluble molecule to from cell memb to memb | channels link the cells together

Answer 28

gap junction e.g. heart muscle, liver pancreas

Question 29

two types of adhesive junction

Answer 29

Adherens - link ACTIN filaments in two diff cells | desmosomes - link keratin filaments in two diff cells