Life Course Chapter 6 Adolescence

Question 1

adolescence

Answer 1

characterized by significant physical change, increased hormone production, sexual maturation, improved cognitive functioning, formative identity development and increased independence.

Question 2

increased hormoeproduction

Answer 2

results in a period called puberty, during which persons become capable of reproduction.

Question 3

psychological changes

Answer 3

reactions to physical, social, and cultural changes confronting the adolescent, as well as cognitive development, in which most individuals develp improved reasoning skills, abstract thinking, a sense of their own thinking and the ability to consider potential future consequences of their actions

Question 4

greatest task of adolecence

Answer 4

identity formation - determining who one is and where one is going.

Question 5

dangers of Eurocentric education model

Answer 5

little regard for other cultures, pushes at risk students out, may damage the self esteem of students of color, those with disabilities or sexual minority students

Question 6

physical and mental health risks of adolescence

Answer 6

substance abuse, juvenile delinquency, bullying, violence, poverty, low educational attainment, eating issues, and depression and suicide.

Question 7

rites of passage

Answer 7

ceremonies that demarcate the transition from childhood to adulthood

Question 8

Biological changes of early adolescence (11-14)

Answer 8

Hormonal changes
beginning of puberty
physical appearance
possible experimentation with sex and substances

Question 9

Psychological changes of early adolescence (11-14)

Answer 9

Reactions to physical changes, including early maturation
Concrete/present-oriented thought
body modesty
moodiness

Question 10

Social changes of early adolescence (11-14)

Answer 10

Changes in relationships with parents and peers
less school structure
distancing from culture/tradition
seeking samenesss

Question 11

Biological changes of middle adolescence (15-17)

Answer 11

completion of puberty and physical appearance changes

Possible experimentation with sex and substances

Question 12

Psychological changes of middle adolescence (15-17)

Answer 12

Reactions to physical changes, including late maturation
Increased autonomy
Increased abstract thought
Beginning of identity development
Preparation for college or career

Question 13

Social changes of middle adolescence (15-17)

Answer 13

Heightened social situation decision making
Continue to renegotiate family relationships
More focus on peer group
Beginning of one-to-one romantic relationships
Moving toward greater community participation

Question 14

Biological changes of late adolescence (18-22)

Answer 14

Slowing of physical changes

Possible experimentation with sex and substances

Question 15

Psychological changes of late adolescence (18-22)

Answer 15

Formal operational thought
Continuation of identity development
Moral reasoning

Question 16

Social changes of late adolescence (18-22)

Answer 16

Very little school/life structure
Beginning of intimate relationships
Renewed interest in culture/tradition

Question 17

Puberty

Answer 17

the period of the life course in which the reproductive system matures

Question 18

gonads

Answer 18

ovaries and testes

Question 19

sex hormones

Answer 19

androgens, progestins, and estrogens that affect the development and functioning of the gonads

Question 20

primary sex characteristics

Answer 20

those directly related to the reproductive organs and external genitalia (penis, scrotum, ovaries, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia)

Question 21

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 21

those not directly related to the reproductive organs and external genetalia (enlarged breasts and hips, facial hair, deeper voices, hair and swear gland changes)

Question 22

menarche

Answer 22

the onset of menstruation

Question 23

spermarche

Answer 23

the onset of the ability to ejaculate mobile sperm

Question 24

three main cognitive development areas of adolescence

Answer 24

1. Improved reasoning skills
2. abstract thinking
3. meta-cognition

Question 25

improved reasoning skills

Answer 25

the ability to consider a range of possibilities, to think hypothetically and to engage in logical analysis

Question 26

abstract thinking

Answer 26

the ability to imagine things not seen or experienced

Question 27

meta-cognition

Answer 27

the ability to think about thinking

Question 28

Genital State developmental stage major task or processes

Answer 28

to develop libido capable of reprodution and sexual intimacy FREUD

Question 29

Identity versus role diffusion developmental stage major task or processes

Answer 29

to find one's place in the world through self-certainty versus apathy, role experimentation versus negative identity, and anticipation of achievement versus work parlysis ERIKSON

Question 30

affiliation versus abandonment (early adolescence) developmental stage major task or processes

Answer 30

to search for membership, acceptance, and group identity, versus as sense of being left behind, rejected and abandoned KEGAN

Question 31

Formal Operational Thought developmental stage major task or processes

Answer 31

to develop the capacity for abstract problem formulation, hypothesis development and solution texting PIAGET

Question 32

Postconventional Morality developmental stage major task or processes

Answer 32

to develop moral principles that transcend one's own society: individual ethics, societal rights, and universal principles of rights and wrong

Question 33

Marcia's 4 identity statuses

Answer 33

1. identity diffusion: no commitment made to roles and values, with or without exploration 2. foreclosure: commitment made to roles and values without exploration 3. Moratorium: exploration of roles and values without commitment 4. Identity achievement: exploration of roles and values followed by commitment

Question 34

postconventional moral reasoning

Answer 34

morality based on moral principles that transcend social rules, but that may never go beyond conventional morality, or morality based on social rules. KOHLBERG

Question 35

Rosenberg's identities in three parts

Answer 35

Social identity: made up of several elements derived from interaction with other people and social systems, including social statuses, membership groups, and social types Dispositions: self-ascribed aspects of identity Physical characteristics - one's physical traits which all contribute a great deal to sense of self.

Question 36

Social identity (Rosenberg)

Answer 36

Social statuses, membersship groups, labels, derived statuses, social types and personal identities

Question 37

disposition (Rosenberg)

Answer 37

attitudes, traits, abilities, values, personality traits, habits, tendencies, likes or preferences

Question 38

physical characteristics (Rosenberg)

Answer 38

height, weight, body build, facial features

Question 39

gender identity

Answer 39

the internalized understanding of one's gender

Question 40

generalized other

Answer 40

concept to represent how others are likely to view and respond

Question 41

individualism

Answer 41

the development of a self or identity that is unique and seperate

Question 42

sexual orientation

Answer 42

erotic, romantic, and affectionate attraction to people of the same sex, opposite sex or both sexes

Question 43

status offenses

Answer 43

running away from home, skipping school, violating curfew and possessing tobacco or alcohol

Question 44

juvenile delinquency

Answer 44

when adolescents are found guilty of committing either a crime or a status offence

Question 45

verbal bullying

Answer 45

saying or writing mean things

Question 46

social/relational bullying

Answer 46

hurting a person's reputation, leaving someone out on purpose, telling others not to be friends with someone, spreading rumors, publicly embarrassing.

Question 47

physical bullying

Answer 47

hurting a person's body or possessions

Question 48

Acquaintance rape

Answer 48

forced, manipulated, or coerced sexual contact by someone known to the victim

Question 49

Statutory rape

Answer 49

having sex with someone younger than an age specified by law as being capable of making informed, voluntary decision.

Question 50

eating disorders

Answer 50

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

Question 51

anorexia nervosa

Answer 51

distorted body image and excessive dieting that results in severe weight loss. pathological fear of becoming fat.

Question 52

bulimia nervosa

Answer 52

episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors such as self induced vomiting at least once a week to avoid weight gain

Question 53

binge eating disorder

Answer 53

recurring episodes of eating significantly excessive amounts of food in a short period of time; the episodes are accompanied by feelings of lack of control

Question 54

sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Answer 54

consequences can include infertility and death. Adolescents comprise almost half of 20 million new cases each year.