life in nazi germany 1933-39 Flashcards
(33 cards)
1
Q
what was the church like in the 1930s
A
- 1930s most germans were christian and were very influential + worked closley with the state during weimar republic
2
Q
what did hitler want to do to the church
A
- he wanted to reduce their power
-thought religion should comply with the state - he was worried church members would oopose the Nazis
- during hitlers rise he was careful to maintain support from catholic + protestant as they were popular
3
Q
what agreement was made with the pope and the Nazis and when
A
- 1933
- agreement called concordat was signed between pope and nazi gov
- hitler promised to stay away from ctaholic church if they didnt interfer with nazi politics
- catholic church was abnned from speaking out but hilter broke his promises
4
Q
how did the nazis restrict the catholics role in education and when
A
- in 1936 all crucifixes were removed from schools
- 1939 catholic education had been destroyed
5
Q
how else did the nazis perescutethe catholic church
A
- began arresting priests in 1935
- catholic newspapers were suppressed
- catholic youth groups were disbanded
6
Q
what was the protestant church like in 1933
A
when hitler was chancellor there was 28 independant protestant churches. - they were politically divided, many support hitler and supported antisemitic views
7
Q
when and what was the reich church
A
- 1936
- all the protestant churches were merged to form the reich church
8
Q
how did the reich church nazifiy christianity
A
- replaced the symbol of a cross with a swasika
- bible was replaced with mein kamf
- only nazis could give sermons and the church suspended non-aryan ministers
9
Q
what was hitler trying to do by creating the reich church
A
- it was an attempt to increase state control over the church
- and to make a nationalist socialist version of christianity
10
Q
what did other parties that opposed hitler do
A
- formed underground groups to try and organise industrial unrest like strikes
- these networks were usually infiltrated by the gespato + party mebers could be executed
11
Q
why was the impact of the parties that opposed hitler limited
A
- the parties were left divided and did not cooperate
- the networks were infiltrated by the gestapo
12
Q
who was martin niemoller
A
- protestant priest,former U-boat captin, one time nazi supported
- he objected nazi interference with the church
- he was one of the founders of the confessing church
- he used a sermon in 1937 to protest against the persecution of church members - as a result he spent several years in a concentration camp
13
Q
who was dietrich bonhoeffer
A
- key member of the confessing church
- protestant pastor who opposed Nazis from the beginning
- he helped jews esacpe germany and planned a assination of hitler
- he was caught imprisoned and executed
14
Q
who was clemens august von galen
A
- the catholic bishop of munster
- he used his sermons to protest against Nazi radical polices
- his protests didnt stop killing but forced Nazis to keep them a secret
- the need to keep the support of the german catholics was the only reason why they didnt execute him
15
Q
who were the edelweiss pirates
A
- name given toa group of rebellious youths who rejected Nazi values and opposed the HItler Youth organisation
16
Q
what did the edelweiss pirates do
A
- they helped army deserters,forced labourers and concentration camp escapees
17
Q
how did the Nazis react to the edelweiss pirates
A
- at first they were ignored
- but they were cracked down on after they produces anti-Nazi leaflets, several mebers were arrested and some were pubically hanged
18
Q
what were the swing kids
A
- groups of young people who rebelled over the tight control Nazis had on culture adn acted in ways that were seen degenerate by the Nazi
- they were considered more of a nuisance than a threat but some were arrested
19
Q
did those who opposed the Nazis threaten the parties dominace
A
no but it did keep the gestapo busy
20
Q
when was the hitler youth founded
A
1926
21
Q
when did hitler youth become compulsory
A
1936
22
Q
what was hitler youth
A
- boys aged 14 and above were recuited
- boys were military-style uniforms and took part in physical exercise training for war
- ## high achieving boys might be sent to hitler schools to be trained as nazi leaders
23
Q
what was the league of german madiens
A
- female branch of the hitler youth
- aimed at grils aged between 14 and 18
- girls were trained in domestic skills like cooking
- sometimes they took part in physical activities like camping which gave new opportunities to girls that were usually reserved to boys
24
Q
how did students nazify education
A
- nazi teachers association was set up where teachers were trained in nazi methods - children had to report teachers who did nto use them
- subjects were rewritten
- children taught to be anti-semitic e.g biology lessons taught that jews were superior to the aryan race
- physical education was import fr boys to prepare them from joining army
- unis - jewish and anti-sematc books were burnt
25
how did the german youth get involved in fighting the war
- in ww2 the youth contributed to the effort like with air defence work and farm work
- towards end of war many youth ended up fighting along side adults
26
what did hitler want to do to the inferior groups
- he believed anyone who wer not pure aryans did not belong in germany
- he wanted to cleanse germany by getting rid of people that were inferior
- jews were especially targets
27
how did hitler try to cleanse germany
- many romani and slavs were sent to concentration camps
- nazis murdered or sterilised those with physical or mental disabilities
- homosexual people were sent to concentration camps
28
how were some laws changed to discrimate against jews
- 1933 april there was a antional boycott of jewish business
- over time the number of jobs that jews were banned from increased
- jews were later forced to close or sell their businesses
- by 1938 all jewish children had been banned from schools and jews were no longer allowed in public places like theatres
29
when were the nuremberg laws created
1935
30
what were the nuremberg laws
- based on ideas that jews and germans were biologically different
- stopped jews from being german citzens
- banned marriage between jews and non-jews in germany
- banned sexual realtionships between jews and non-jews
31
when was kristallnacht
1938
32
what happened in kristallnacht
- german diplomat was murdered in paris by a jew
- there was anti jewish rioting and thousands of jewish shops were destroyed
- almost every synagogue was burnt down
- thousands of jews were sent to concentration camps
- nazis claimed the events of kristallnacht were spontaneous but they ahd been planned by nazi gov
33
why was kristallnacht a turning point
- first widespread act of anto jewish violence, and after conditions for jews got even worse
