Life on earth

Question 1

Herbivore

Answer 1

Organism that eats plants only

Question 2

Carnivore

Answer 2

Organism that eats animal material only

Question 3

Omnivore

Answer 3

Organism that eats a mix of plants and animals

Question 4

Producer

Answer 4

A green plant that makes its own energy using sunlight

Question 5

Consumer

Answer 5

An organism that eats another organism

Question 6

Predator

Answer 6

An animal that hunts and kills other animals for food

Question 7

Prey

Answer 7

An animal which is hunted and killed for food by the predator

Question 8

Ecosystem

Answer 8

All the living and non living organisms (community) living in a habitat

Question 9

Food chain

Answer 9

A diagram which shows the transfer of energy between organisms

Question 10

Habitat

Answer 10

The place where an organism lives

Question 11

Food web

Answer 11

A diagram which shows inter connected food chains

Question 12

Species

Answer 12

A group of organisms that can interbreed to create fertile offspring

Question 13

Biodiversity

Answer 13

The number, variety and abundance of species

Question 14

Community

Answer 14

All the plants, animals and microorganisms living in a habitat

Question 15

Population

Answer 15

All the members of one species living in a habitat n

Question 16

Biome

Answer 16

Large ecological of the earth with its own characteristics climate and community adapted to survive their

Question 17

Niche

Answer 17

The role an organism within a community

Question 18

Competition

Answer 18

when organisms require the same or similar resource(s) that are in
short supply.

Question 19

Interspecific competition

Answer 19

different species for one or
a few of the resources they require.

Question 20

Intraspecific competition

Answer 20

Intraspecific competition occurs amongst individuals of the same species and is for
all resources required.

Question 21

Abiotic

Answer 21

Non biological factors that can affect a species

Question 22

Biotic

Answer 22

Biological factors that can affect a species

Question 23

Abiotic examples

Answer 23

Ph, temperature, soil moisture or humidity, rainfall, light intensity

Question 24

Biotic examples

Answer 24

Grazing, predation, food availability, disease, competition

Question 25

Pitfall traps

Answer 25

sample organisms that live on the surface of the soil.

Question 26

Quadrats

Answer 26

Quadrats can be used to sample plants or slow moving organisms such as limpets on a rock shore.

Question 27

How to measure temperature

Answer 27

Thermometer or temperature probe Insert into soil or pond until reading Has stabilised

Question 28

How to measure pH

Answer 28

pH meter or chemical test (pH indicator) Insert pH probe into soil and read From scale

Question 29

How to measure light intensity

Answer 29

Light meter Hold light sensitive panel towards light to be measured and read result from scale. Make sure that you are not casting a shadow over the light Sensitive panel

Question 30

How to measure soil moisture

Answer 30

Moisture meter Insert probe into soil and read level from scale. Make sure to wipe the probe to ensure that moisture from a previous reading does not affect the Results

Question 31

Photo synthesis word equation

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide + water - light energy + chlorophyll = glucose + oxegyn

Question 32

The light reaction stage

Answer 32

Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll, splits water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen molecules. Chemical energy is also produced .The hydrogen and ATP are passed on to the next stage of photosynthesis and the excess oxygen diffuses from the cell

Question 33

Carbon fixation stage

Answer 33

This stage is controlled by enzymes. Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen from the light reactions stage to produce sugar (chemical energy). ATP from the light reactions provides the energy for this process to take place.

Question 34

Uses of sugar

Answer 34

Respiration, cellulose or to store starch

Question 35

LIMITING FACTORS

Answer 35

Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature

Question 36

How is energy lost in the food chain

Answer 36

* Heat * Movement * Undigested waste.

Question 37

What is a pyramid of numbers

Answer 37

A pyramid of numbers shows the total number of organisms at each stage in a food chain.

Question 38

Pyramids of energy

Answer 38

A pyramid of energy shows the energy available at each stage in a food chain.

Question 39

How to increase food yield

Answer 39

Use of pesticides to kill plants and animals which would reduce crop yield, Use of fertilisers to stop land being leached of minerals,Growing monocultures over large areas, introducing GM crops

Question 40

Fertilisers

Answer 40

Fertilisers are added to land to increase the levels of essential plant nutrients that are used up by the growing plants/crops So farmers add nitrogen to the soil in the form of synthetic fertiliser, manure or compost.

Question 41

The nitrogen cycle

Answer 41

Animals make urine and faeces which is absorbed by decomposers, they change the waste into nitrates and release them into the soil, Plants absorb the nitrates through their roots. Plants convert the nitrates into plant protein. Animals eat the plants. They convert the plant protein into animal protein.

Question 42

Leaching

Answer 42

The fertiliser added can leach off into a body of water nearby. This increases the nitrate levels and the algae already present in the water can now multiply rapidly causing a huge population increase known as an algal bloom

Question 43

What is algal bloom

Answer 43

Algal blooms reduce light levels, killing aquatic plants. When the water can’t sustain all the algae they die which gives bacteria food source so they start to multiply and the bacteria use up all of the oxygen which reduces oxygen for other organisms causing them to die decreasing biodiversity .

Question 44

Pesticides

Answer 44

Pesticides are sprayed on to crops to prevent pest species (both plant and animal) from reducing crop yield by damaging the crop or competing for resources with the crops

Question 45

Bioaccumulation

Answer 45

Some pesticides are not biodegradable and as a result they will remain in soil/rivers/lochs for long periods of time and will accumulate in the body of organisms over time. The build-up of toxic substances in living organisms is known as bioaccumulation. These toxins are passed along food chains when one organism eats another causing an increase in toxicity which can reach lethal levels.

Question 46

Alternative methods

Answer 46

Biological control, GM crops,

Question 47

Mutation

Answer 47

Variation, the differences between individuals of the same species

Question 48

What affects mutation

Answer 48

Environmental factors such as radiation (UV light, X Rays) or chemicals (mustard gas) can increase the rate of mutation, these are known as mutagenic agents.

Question 49

Natural selection

Answer 49

New alleles produced by mutation can result in plants and animals becoming better adapted to their environment. Variation allows a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions therefore increasing the long term survival chance of the species.

Question 50

Different types of adaptation

Answer 50

Changes in structure, changes in behaviour and physiological changes

Question 51

Learned Behaviour

Answer 51

Behaviour can be learned by watching and listening to others, and by experience. For example people learn to walk, talk, swim, make choices and behave appropriately

Question 52

Isolating mechanisms

Answer 52

The isolating mechanisms or barriers that split a population can be geographical (oceans, mountains, deserts), behavioural (differences in courtship rituals such as breeding calls or mating dances) or ecological (different habitats, pH or salinity).