Life on Earth

Question 1

What is Biodiversity?

Answer 1

The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat

Question 2

What is the problem with deforestation?

Answer 2

Natural resources destroyed, animals become extinct, no oxygen being produced

Question 3

What is the problem with desertification

Answer 3

No land to grow crops

Question 4

What are biotic factors?

Answer 4

A biotic factor is a living thing which effects an ecosystem,

Question 5

What is an abiotic factor?

Answer 5

An abiotic factor is a non living thing which affects and ecosystem

Question 6

Examples of Biotic factors

Answer 6

Competition, disease, predators, grazing

Question 7

Examples of abiotic factors

Answer 7

wind speed, pH, concentration of oxygen, light intensity, moisture, temperature

Question 8

What happens to biodiversity when grazing increases?

Answer 8

Biodiversity increases but when grazing becomes to high it starts to fall again

Question 9

Explain this graph

Answer 9

An increase in the prey causes and increase in predator as more food is available. The number of prey then decreases causing a decrease in the number of predators

Question 10

What is a biome?

Answer 10

Biomes are the major ecological systems which can be distinguished by their abiotic factors, flora and fauna

Question 11

Examples of aquatic biomes

Answer 11

Reef, Loch

Question 12

Example of terrestrial biomes

Answer 12

Tropical rainforest, temperate grassland

Question 13

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 13

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Question 14

What is a habitat?

Answer 14

The place where an organism lives

Question 15

Definition of population?

Answer 15

A group of organisms of the same species

Question 16

What is a community?

Answer 16

Total of all populations of living organisms

Question 17

What does the term niche refer to?

Answer 17

The role the living organism plays in its community

Question 18

Where does all energy come from?

Answer 18

The sun

Question 19

How do plants capture the energy of the sun?

Answer 19

Through a process called photosythesis

Question 20

What are the organisms at the bottom of the food chain referred as?

Answer 20

Producers

Question 21

All other organisms other than producers are referred to as?

Answer 21

A consumer

Question 22

What does an arrow represent in a food chain?

Answer 22

The flow of energy from one organism to another

Question 23

How much energy is passed on at each stage of a food chain?

Answer 23

10%

Question 24

What is the most reliable way to represent feeding relationships in a food chain?

Answer 24

A pyramid of biomass

Question 25

What are the three main elements in fertilisers?

Answer 25

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Pottasium

Question 26

What can be caused by irresposible fertilisation?

Answer 26

Eutrophication

Question 27

What 4 things do plants compete for?

Answer 27

Sunlight, space, water and minerals from the soil

Question 28

What 3 things do animals compete for?

Answer 28

Space, food and a mate

Question 29

What is inter-specific competition?

Answer 29

The competition between different species

Question 30

What is intra-specific competition?

Answer 30

The competition between the same species

Question 31

What occurs after high intra-specific competition?

Answer 31

Natural selection

Question 32

What does the study of an ecosystem involve?

Answer 32

Finding out the types and abundance of living organisms

Question 33

What is a quadrat used for?

Answer 33

A quadrat marks off a small piece of area and samples the organisms within

Question 34

Two possible sources of error when using quadrats?

Answer 34

To big a quadrat Placement of quadrat isn't random

Question 35

What is a pitfall trap used for?

Answer 35

To capture small animals

Question 36

What are 2 possible sources of error with using a pitfall trap?

Answer 36

Lip of trap above soil The cup is too obvious as there is a lack of leaves

Question 37

What is a mutation?

Answer 37

A mutation is a random change to the genetic material of an organism

Question 38

A mutation causes permanent change to the DNA of an organism(it's). This can alter its - its appearance or functioning of the organism-

Answer 38

Genotype, phenotype

Question 39

What are mutagenic agents?

Answer 39

An enviromental factor which increases the rate of mutation

Question 40

What are some examples of mutagenic agents?

Answer 40

Radiation and chemicals

Question 41

Examples of disadvantageous mutations

Answer 41

sickle cell anaemia and cystic fibrosis

Question 42

Advantageous mutations are benefical because....

Answer 42

They lead to natural selection

Question 43

What does variation refer to?

Answer 43

The differences between individuals of the same species

Question 44

What is an adaptation?

Answer 44

An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survive in its enviroment

Question 45

Examples of structural adaptations

Answer 45

Spikes, toughness, fur, blubber fat

Question 46

Examples of physiological adaptations

Answer 46

poison, smell, camouflage,

Question 47

Examples of behavioural adaptations

Answer 47

Endurance, food stores, echolocation

Question 48

What are the two types of behaviour and how do they differ?

Answer 48

Learned behaviour is behaviour they pick up sa they grow older Innate behaviour is behaviour inherited from their parents and passed through genes

Question 49

What is imprinting?

Answer 49

An example of learned behaviour which keeps newborn animals close to their parents

Question 50

What is habituation?

Answer 50

An example of learned behaviour and occurs when an animal after a period of exposure to a stimulus, stops responding

Question 51

What is natural selction caused by and name 3 examples?

Answer 51

Selection pressures- food, mates, resistance to diseases

Question 52

What is natural selection?

Answer 52

Natural selection is the survival of those organisms best adapted to their enviroment "survival of the fittest"

Question 53

What is speciation?

Answer 53

Speciation is 4 stage process which allows the formation of new species.

Question 54

What are the 4 stages of speciation?

Answer 54

1-Isolation 2-Mutation 3-Natural Selection 4-Time

Question 55

What two emissions from combustion of fossil fuels lead to acid rain?

Answer 55

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide

Question 56

What is a biological indicator?

Answer 56

Indicator species are species that by their prescence, abundance or abscene show the levels of pollution or enviromental quality

Question 57

What is a pesticide?

Answer 57

A pesticide is a chemical applied to a crop to reduce competition from other organism

Question 58

What is bioaccumulation?

Answer 58

When non specific pesticides build up in organisms throughout the food chain

Question 59

What is a biological control?

Answer 59

A natural pesticide