Multicellular Organisms

Question 1

What do a group of cells form?

Answer 1

A tissue

Question 2

What do different tissues combine to form?

Answer 2

Organs

Question 3

What do different organs form?

Answer 3

Body systems

Question 4

Name two adaptations of sperm?

Answer 4

Has a tail to swim Lots of mitochondria as it is very active

Question 5

Name two adaptations of red blood cells?

Answer 5

Biconcave shape to increase surface area It has no nucleus so it has more space for haemoglobin, which carries the oxygen

Question 6

Name two adaptations of neurons?

Answer 6

They are long and thin to allow swift transfer of impulses The axon is covered in insulator

Question 7

Name an adaptation of root hair cells?

Answer 7

Long roots for large surface area

Question 8

What are stem cells?

Answer 8

Stem cells are unspecialised animal cells that can divide and develop into any type of body cell, allowing growth and repair

Question 9

What is the most basic stem cell?

Answer 9

The embryonic stem cell

Question 10

Where are the stem cells found in plants?

Answer 10

They found in the meristem tissues, which are located at the shoots and roots

Question 11

How can the nervous system be split up?

Answer 11

Into the CNS and the nerves

Question 12

What does the CNS compose of?

Answer 12

The brain and spinal cord

Question 13

What does the cerebrum control?

Answer 13

Conscious thought and memory

Question 14

What does the Cerebellum control?

Answer 14

Controls balance and co-ordination

Question 15

What does the Medulla control?

Answer 15

Breathing and heart rate

Question 16

What are three types of neuron?

Answer 16

Sensory, relay and motor

Question 17

What does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 17

Carries nerve impulses from the stimuli to the CNS

Question 18

What does the relay neuron do?

Answer 18

It transmits the impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron

Question 19

What does the pancreatic, adrenal, testicular and ovarian glands produce?

Answer 19

Pancreatic= Insulin and glucagon Adrenal= Adrenaline Testicular= Testosterone Ovarian= Oestrogen

Question 20

What is a synapse?

Answer 20

A gap between the nerve ending of one neuron and another cell

Question 21

What passes through a synapse to allow the impulse to carry on moving?

Answer 21

A neurotransmitter is released by active transport

Question 22

What system releases hormones?

Answer 22

The endocrine system

Question 23

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 23

Stimulates the formation of glycogen from glucose molecules

Question 24

What is the function of glucagon?

Answer 24

Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to make glucose molecules

Question 25

Where are gametes formed?

Answer 25

In the gonads

Question 26

How many set of chromosomes do gametes have and what is this called?

Answer 26

They have 1 set and this is called their haploid number

Question 27

Where does the sperm flow in ejaculation?

Answer 27

Sperm is produced in the testes, passes along the sperm duct and passes out of the body via the urethra which contained in the penis

Question 28

Describe the movement of the egg in a female

Answer 28

The egg is released from the ovaries into the oviduct. If not met by a sperm cell, after 3-4 weeks it moves to the uterus where it released as a period

Question 29

What happens when the sperm and egg meet?

Answer 29

The two nuclei fuses and produce a zygote

Question 30

Label all parts of the diagram Anther, Stigma, Filament, Style, Petals, Ovary, Sepod and ovule

Question 31

What is Pollination?

Answer 31

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma

Question 32

How does pollen fertilise the ovules?

Answer 32

Once the pollen grain has landed onto the stigma, it grows a pollen tube towards the ovaries. Once connected it sends its nucleus down the tube to fuse with the ovules

Question 33

What is created when two gametes fuse?

Answer 33

A zygote

Question 34

What are the two types of variation?

Answer 34

Discrete and Continous

Question 35

What is discrete variation?

Answer 35

It is when the characteristic falls into distinct groups

Question 36

What is continous variation?

Answer 36

It is when a characteristic can have any value within a range

Question 37

What does the term polygenic suggest?

Answer 37

The characteristics displayed are controlled by more than one gene

Question 38

When will a dominant allele be expressed as the phenotype?

Answer 38

A dominant allele will always be expressed if one allele is present

Question 39

When will a recessive allele be expressed as the phenotype?

Answer 39

When there are no dominant alleles present

Question 40

What does the term homozygous describe?

Answer 40

When two alleles for an organism characteristic are the same

Question 41

What does the term heterozygous describe?

Answer 41

When the two alleles are different

Question 42

What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

Answer 42

Waterproof layer to minimise water loss

Question 43

What is the function of the upper epidermis?

Answer 43

Its colourless to allow light to pass through

Question 44

What is the function of the palisade cells?

Answer 44

Contains lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 45

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll layer?

Answer 45

Has air spaces to allow gas exchange

Question 46

What is the function of guard cells?

Answer 46

Change shape due to the movement of water

Question 47

Describe Xylem vessels

Answer 47

Xylem are one way, hollow cells that are strengthened by lignin. They transport water and salts and hydrate the plant

Question 48

Describe Phloem tissue

Answer 48

Phloem is a vascular tisse composed of sieve tubes, sieve plates and companion cells. Its function is to carry sugar to areas of photosythesis

Question 49

What is transpiration?

Answer 49

The loss of water from the leaves through the stoma

Question 50

When what four things increase, increase rate of transpiration?

Answer 50

Temperature, Humidity, Wind, Light intensity

Question 51

What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?

Answer 51

Left and right atrium and ventricle

Question 52

Describe the function and structure of arteries

Answer 52

Arteries can high pressure blood away from the heart. They have thick muscular walls and a narrow central channel

Question 53

Describe the structure and function of veins

Answer 53

Veins carry low pressure blood to the heart. They have thinner muscular walls and a wide channel. They also have valves to prevent back flow

Question 54

Describe the function and structure of capillaries

Answer 54

To allow diffusion of materials between the blood and muscle. They form networks around muscles and have one cell thick walls and have a large surface area

Question 55

What are the branching parts which make up your airways?

Answer 55

Trachea-bronchus-bronchioles-alveoli

Question 56

What are the 4 adaptations of alveoli for efficient gas exchange?

Answer 56

* Small size and shape provides large surface area * Surronded by dense capillary network * Alveolus has a one cell thick wall * The lining of the alveoli is moist

Question 57

What organ absorbs most of our food?

Answer 57

The small intestine

Question 58

Question 59

What is absorbed into the capillary ina villi?

Answer 59

Glucose and amino acids

Question 60

What is absorbed into the lacteal in a villi?

Answer 60

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 61

Name two adaptations to allow efficient food absorption in the small intestines?

Answer 61

Many villi for large surface area and the villi's wall is 1 cell thick