Life processes in the Biosphere

Question 1

how does the temperature affect species habitats?

Answer 1

too hot or too cold causes issues

Question 2

how does light affect species habitats?

Answer 2

photosynthesis is affected

Question 3

how does water affect species habitats?

Answer 3

too much= flooding
too little= drought

Question 4

how does pH affect habitat species?

Answer 4

for the soil

Question 5

how does dissolved oxygen affect species habitats?

Answer 5

bottom feeders like crabs, oysters etc

Question 6

how does mineral nutrients affect species habitats?

Answer 6

needed for growth

Question 7

biotic factors that could affect species habitats?

Answer 7

food supply
seed dispersal
pollination
biotic habitats
predetation
disease

Question 8

how can biotic factors influence abiotic factors?

Answer 8

plants create shade, increased humidity and dry soil
chlorophyll containing leaves absorb particular wavelengths of life
the action of decomposers increases the nutrients in soil

Question 9

taxonomy definition

Answer 9

study of organisms to see how they can be classified

Question 10

species definition

Answer 10

a group of organisms that resemble one another more closer than members of other groups. They breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 11

population definition

Answer 11

all the individuals of a species living in a particular area

Question 12

community definition

Answer 12

all the populations of all the species of plants and animals in a particular area

Question 13

ecosystem definition

Answer 13

the community of organisms in an area plus their inter-relationships and interactions with their abiotic environment.

Question 14

habitat definition

Answer 14

when an organism, species or population live, it’s usually a particular part of an ecosystem

Question 15

niche

Answer 15

the role a species plays in their environment

Question 16

biome

Answer 16

a large geographical region with a particular climate in which a unique community of species live.

Question 17

biosphere definition

Answer 17

the part of the planet inhabited by living organisms

Question 18

succession definition

Answer 18

the colonisation and development of land over time and space by plants. It occurs in a series of stages.

Question 19

what happens during each stage of succession?

Answer 19

biotic and abiotic features may change

Question 20

primary succession definition

Answer 20

takes place on new, inorganic surfaces, where there’s been no previous soil formation and vegetation

Question 21

secondary succession definition

Answer 21

takes place where there has been soil or vegetation wasn’t established

Question 22

how many stages of succession are there?

Answer 22

three

Question 23

what happens in the first stage of succession

Answer 23

pioneer species are the first to colonise an area and they don’t last long but they provide organic material for future plants

Question 24

what happens in the second stage of succession

Answer 24

over time, more diverse species take over from the pioneer species. The largest is known as the dominant species.

Question 25

what happens in the third stage of succession

Answer 25

the final vegetation is the climatic climax community with the community being the climax community

Question 26

what is deflected succession

Answer 26

a community that remains stable only because human activity prevents succession from running its course.

Question 27

what are the ways we can maintain a plagioclimax community?

Answer 27

grazing mowing burning coppicing pollarding

Question 28

how does grazing help maintain plagioclimax communities?

Answer 28

prevents habitats such as water meadows from becoming over-grown. It stops succession and the dominance of large species

Question 29

how does mowing help maintain plagioclimax communities?

Answer 29

used to preserve garden lawns, hay meadows or reed beds

Question 30

how does burning help maintain plagioclimax communities?

Answer 30

used in moorlands and heathlands to maintain habitats rich in plants like heather

Question 31

how does coppicing and pollarding help maintain plagioclimax communities?

Answer 31

cutting trees will increase habitat diversity as new, dense growth occurs in spring. regular cutting of areas in a cycle increases habitat diversity as the habitat will have areas of different ages of tree growth

Question 32

where does coppicing happen?

Answer 32

on the base

Question 33

where does pollarding happen?

Answer 33

on the branches

Question 34

what factors help control population dynamics?

Answer 34

birth rates death rates immigration emigration natality rate

Question 35

birth rates definition

Answer 35

number of individuals born per unit of time

Question 36

death rates definition

Answer 36

number of deaths per unit of time

Question 37

immigration definition

Answer 37

when individuals move into an area

Question 38

emigration definition

Answer 38

when individuals move away from an area

Question 39

natality rate defintion

Answer 39

maximum birth rate

Question 40

maximum sustainable yield definition

Answer 40

an estimate of the greatest exploitation that's possible, without causing unsustainable long term population decline

Question 41

characteristics of R-selected species

Answer 41

they respond rapidly to low survival rates reach sexual maturity quickly produce many young can disperse quickly

Question 42

characteristics of K-selected species

Answer 42

reach sexual maturity at an older age produce few young often live longer low reproduction rate

Question 43

what are K-selected species?

Answer 43

species that recover slowly from a decline in population. an increase in death rates may cause a population crash

Question 44

why's the low reproduction rate of K-selected species bad?

Answer 44

it may make it impossible to replace the losses