Lifelines of national economy Flashcards
(27 cards)
The main lifelines of national economy are ________ and _____________.
Transport, Communication
Why roadways have preceded railways?
- Construction cost is much lower.
- Roads can be made in more dissected and curvy topographies.
- Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes.
- Road transportation is economical to transport good and people over short distances.
- Road transportation provides door-to-door service, so, cost of loading and unloading is much lower.
- Road transportation is also used as a feeder to other modes of transportation. for eg; we have to use roadways to reach an airport from where we can take a flight and travel through aeroplanes.
Classify the types of roads in india.
- Golden quadrilateral super highway
- links delhi, kolkata, mumbai and chennai by six lane super highway.
- the north-south corridors links sirnagar to kanyakumari and the east-
west corridors links silcher to porbandar.
- Implemented and maintained by NHAI (national highway authority of
india). - National highways
- links extreme ports of the countries by connecting state capitals.
- linked and maintained by central public works department (CDWD). - State highways
- roads linking a state capital with different districts headquaters.
- constructed and maintained by state public works department (PWD). - District roads
- roads connecting district headquaters with other places of the district
- maintained by zila parishad - Other roads
- roads linking rural areas with towns
- special benefits under pradhan mantri grameen sadak yojana.
- the roads are seasonal, they cannot be used in monsoon - Border roads
- They are made by Border roads organization [BRO], a government of India undertaking established in 1960.
- Roads made on border areas of the country are called border countries.
- these roads have helped in the economic development of these areas which are situated near borders.
Classify of roads on the types of materials used.
- Metalled roads
- Made of cement, concrete or bitumen of coal.
- The roads are good in all weathers. - Unmetalled roads
- Made of mud and sand.
- They cannot be used in rainy season.
Name the longest national highway of india.
National highway 7 from varanasi to kanyakumari [2369 kms]
What is road density?
The length of road per 100 km^2 area.
Name some challenges faced by road transportation in india especially?
- large volume of traffic and passengers and road network is not sufficient for it.
- half of the roads are unmetalled and they cannot be used in rainy season.
- roads are congested in cities.
- most of the bridges are old and narrow.
Describe transportation by railways. State some of the challenges faced by it.
- It is mainly used by passengers to transport a bulk of goods.
- It is mainly used when people have cover large distances.
challenges faced by it ->
- It is difficult to lay railway lines in areas such as deserts of rajasthan, swamps of gujarat,etc.
- Many passengers travel without ticket and it is difficult to check for it.
- Theft and damaging railway property is quite frequent.
- Unnecessary pulling of chain by passengers
State true or false : Indian railway is a profit making public sector.
true
Describe the transportation through pipelines.
- Earlier used to transport water. Now transportation of crude oil, petroleum and natural gas to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal plants is done.
- Solid are transported by pipelines by converting them to slurry.
- Initial cost of establishment of pipelines is high but its maintainence cost is low.
- Also there are low chances of trans-shipment losses and delays.
Name some important networks of pipelines transportation in india.
- From upper assam to kanpur
- From Salaya, Gujarat to Jalandhar, Punjab
- From Hazira, Gujarat to Jagdishpur, U.P.
Describe and write some features of the transportation through waterways and name 6 major sea ports in india.
- Played an important role in spreading indian culture and commerce.
- cheapest means of transportation in terms of volume transported.
- Fuel efficient and environment friendly.
5 major ports of india are -
- Kandla port in Gujarat : mainly handles the trade of granary and was developed in the loss of karachi port
- Mumbai port : It is the Biggest port, Jawaharlal nehru port was made near it to deconjust it.
- Chennai port : Oldest artificial port and the second largest port
- Kolkata port : Haldia port was built near it to deconjust it.
- Marmagao port in goa and new manglore port in karnataka : major iron ore exporting ports.
- Visakapatnam port : deepest landlocked port and well protected.
Describe transportation through airways.
- Fastest , comfortable and prestegious mode of transport.
- Can cover difficult terrains like high mountains, long stretches of oceans.
- Air transportation was nationalised in 1953.
- Pawanhans helicopters LTD. provides helicopter services in india in regions like mountains.
- In the north eastern states, special provisions are made to extend the services to common people.
describe the 2 types of communications.
- mass communications
- through television ,radios, press, etc. - Personal communications
- mobile , letter, etc.
Air transportation was nationalised in ___.
1953
__________ postal network is the largest in the world
Indian
_________________________ provides helicopter services in mountain regions.
Pawanhans helicopters LTD.
what is STD?
Subscriber Trunk Dialling( STD) also known as Subscriber toll dialling is a telephone system which allows subscribers to make long distance calls without the assistance of an operator. It is useful as it can be dialled directly without taking any help from operators
What is BoT?
- BoT stand for Balance of trade.
- IT is the difference between exports and imports of country.
- BoT is favourable if export of a country are more then its imports.
state some commodities which india exports and which india imports.
- exports : agricultural products, ore and minerals, jewellery, etc.
- imports : petroleum and petroleum products, precious stones, etc.
State benefits of tourism.
- Promotes national integration , provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits .
- It develops on international understanding about our cultural and heritage.
- Foreign tourists visit India due to heritage, cultural, ecotourism, adventure , business and medical tourism (for analyzing and using medical facilities in India).
state the three factors on which the pace of development depends.
- Production of goods
- services
- Movement of goods over space (Transportation)
_______________ port was made near mumbai port to deconjust it
Jawaharlal Nehru port
____________ port was made near kolkata port to deconjust it.
Haldia port
