Lifespan Quiz Questions Flashcards
According to Kohlberg’s cognitive theory, gender identity development involves three stages that occur in the following order:
identity, stability, constancy.
A child in the preoperational stage of development:
treats objects as symbols of things (e.g., dolls as babies).
In Ainsworth’s “strange situation,” a one-year old shows little distress when her mother leaves the room and ignores her when she returns. Most likely, this mother is:
impatient or overstimulating
The most prominent risk factor for illicit drug abuse in adolescence is:
Use of a gateway drug
As described by Piaget, a child in the autonomous stage of moral development believes that:
rules can be changed by consensus.
As described by Piaget, a tertiary circular reaction occurs when an infant:
deliberately varies an action to discover or observe the consequences of that action.
Metcalfe and Mischel (1999) use a “hot/cool” system to explain which of the following?
Delay of gratification
When the sole of an infant’s foot is stroked, her big toe bends back toward the top of her foot and her other toes fan out. This is referred to as the _______ reflex.
Babinski
As described by __________, internalization involves an internal reconstruction of an external operation.
Vygotsky
When using the Adult Attachment Interview, a mother will be classified as ____________ if she describes her parents in positive terms (e.g., “Dad was a very loving person”) but either reports negative interactions with her parents or says she can’t remember any early interactions with them.
dismissing
In his study of moral development, Kohlberg presented research participants with stories that posed a conflict between two moral dilemmas. In the most famous of these stories, the “________ dilemma,” participants were presented with a choice between the value of obeying the law and the value of human life.
Heinz
Within the first 6 months of life, infants express, through facial expression:
distress, interest, and disgust
The most common cause of cerebral palsy is:
brain injury early in life
____________during prenatal development is associated withmiscarriage, stillbirth, and low birth weight and may result insuppression of the immune system, intellectual disability, andother serious problems.
Malnutrition
A developmental psychologist investigating the influence of Bronfenbrenner’s mesosystem on child development will focus on:
the interaction of two or more systems in the child’s life
Research by Werner and Smith (1982) found that a high-risk baby is least likely to suffer long-term negative consequences if:
they have temperamental characteristics that promote positive relationships and high resiliency.
During a “critical period:”
certain biological or behavioral characteristics require appropriate exposure or stimulation in order to develop
The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS):
are irreversible and persist into adulthood.
L
According to Piaget, the ability to think abstractly is first evident at about ____ years of age.
11
As defined by Piaget, the ability to engage in deferred imitation depends on the development of:
mental representation
According to Erikson, the purpose of play is to:
master social and emotional experiences
A 15-month-old child points to a milk carton on the table and says “milk,” which means, “I want some milk.” Later, when he spills milk on his shirt, he starts crying and says “milk” which means, “I spilled my milk and I’m all wet.” This illustrates which stage of language acquisition?
Holophrastic speech
Ron attends a rally organized to oppose gun control. When asked why he is against gun control, Ron states, “Well, the law says people have the right to own a gun, and everybody in my hometown has a gun.” Kohlberg would say that Ron is at which level of moral development?
Conventional
Sarah and Eve are served liver for dinner. Sarah screams, “Now there’s more!” when hers is cut up into bite-size pieces. Eve says, “No, there’s not! It’s just the same.” In terms of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development:
Sarah is in the preoperational stage, Eve is in the concrete or formal stage
The greatest age-related decline in memory is in:
recent long-term memory (secondary)
An individual’s phenotype:
is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors
Children in the autonomous stage _______________ when making moral judgements about a behavior, according to Piaget.
consider the intentions of the actor
Mr. and Mrs. Wolff bring their 17-month old son, Walter, to you for an evaluation because they are concerned that he has not yet started walking or talking. You should:
refer the family to a physician for an evaluation of Walter
Two-word sentences are characteristic of the speech of children at ________ months of age.
18 to 24
Infantile amnesia refers to:
the inability of adolescents and adults to recall events they experienced prior to 3 or 4 years of age
Which of the following best describes the symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)?
Most symptoms are irreversible and persist into adulthood.
In response to questions included in the Adult Attachment Interview, a 34-year old mother describes her childhood relationships with her own parents as very positive, but she is unable to come up with specific examples of pleasant experiences with them. Although she says this inability is due to poor memory, she is able to recall other events that occurred during early childhood. Most likely, this woman’s 13-month old baby will exhibit which of the following attachment patterns in the Strange Situation?
Avoidant
Performance on which of the following is least likely to be adversely affected by increasing age in adulthood?
A measure of implicit memory
(Vs. dichotic listening, processing speed, visual acuity)
