TestMaster 5

Question 1

A patient experiencing chronic pain tells you that her physician has prescribed an opioid analgesic. She also says she doesn’t want to take the drug because her brother is an ex-drug addict and she has had problems with alcohol in the past. You should ________________________________.

Answer 1

suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so

Question 2

Theories of career choice and development can be categorized in terms of four basic types. The theories of Tiedeman and O’Hara (1963) and Tiedeman and Miller-Tiedeman (1984) are examples of the __________ approach.

Answer 2

Developmental

Question 3

In multiple regression, an inverse correlation between a predictor and the criterion _____.

Answer 3

is indicated by a negative regression coefficient

Question 4

Research on the impact of parents’ gender stereotypes about math ability on their children’s interest in math has found that:

Answer 4

maternal and paternal stereotypes have an impact on the math interest of both boys and girls

Question 5

Penny Pallid is an Anglo American teacher and Cameron Chroma, her student, is African American. According to Helms’s interaction model, Ms. Pallid will be LEAST effective in teaching Cameron if she is in the __________ stage of racial identity development and Cameron is in the __________ stage.

Answer 5

contact; immersion

Question 6

Dr. Burgher is the only psychologist in a small town. His daughter’s girl scout leader wants to begin seeing Dr. Burgher to work through some family-related problems. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Burgher should ___________.

Answer 6

assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment

Question 7

A psychologist conducting a study to determine the effectiveness of backward conditioning with human participants will use which of the following procedures?

Answer 7

Repeatedly present the US before the CS. (Which is backwards in the alphabet)

Question 8

Dr. Strait is invited to a holiday party at a fellow psychologist’s house. While there, he notices that one of the guests is a current therapy client of the psychologist. Dr. Strait’s best course of action would be to _________________________.

Answer 8

discuss the issue with the psychologist at a later time (privately)

Question 9

For retention of information in long-term memory, which of the following seems to be the most critical?

Answer 9

Semantic encoding

Question 10

The DSM-5 includes the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS) as a means for assessing disability in adults ages 18 years and older. The WHODAS uses a 5-point Likert scale to assess functioning in which the following domains?

Answer 10

Understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society

Question 11

The Introduction and Applicability section of the APA’s Ethics Code notes that the APA may take action against a member after his/her _______.

Answer 11

conviction of a felony

Question 12

Which of the following is listed in the DSM-5 as a diagnostic (versus associated) feature for Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Answer 12

Lack of remorse

Question 13

The smallest unit of sound that is distinct is referred to as a:

Answer 13

phoneme

Question 14

When deciding on an intervention plan for a client with Agoraphobia, it is important to keep in mind that which of the following seems to be the key element in treating this disorder?

Answer 14

In vivo exposure

Question 15

Lev Vygotsky’s view of cognitive development is best described as a(n):

Answer 15

contextual approach

Question 16

You would be most concerned about a child with ADHD being prescribed methylphenidate if the child has a co-diagnosis of

Answer 16

tourettes

Question 17

A distribution of scores has a mean of 110 and a standard deviation of 10. Adding 12 points to each score in the distribution will _____.

Answer 17

increase the mean by 12 but have no effect on the standard deviation

Question 18

Research investigating the effects of Head Start and similar compensatory education programs has found that these programs:

Answer 18

have benefits in terms of academic outcomes, social adjustment, and employment

Question 19

An examinee’s score on which of the following Rorschach variables is most useful for estimating their level of intelligence?

Answer 19

Organizational activity

Question 20

In principal components analysis, each eigenvalue indicates:

Answer 20

the total variance explained by an identified component

Question 21

Dr. Abo is working with a client who is in the preparation stage of change. In the context of the transtheoretical model, this means that the client:

Answer 21

has both a clear intent to take action in the immediate future and a realistic plan of action

Question 22

An individual at Level VIII on the Rancho Scale of Cognitive Functioning Revised:

Answer 22

is alert and oriented and can remember and integrate remote and recent events but may have some impairments in judgment, planning, and abstract reasoning

Question 23

A researcher wants to compare the immediate and long-term effects of three different treatments for PTSD and randomly assigns individuals who were recently exposed to the same trauma to one of three treatment groups: EMDR, stress inoculation, or in vivo exposure. The researcher assesses participants’ symptoms one week, one month, and three months after the end of treatment. Which of the following research designs is the researcher using?

Answer 23

Mixed (not between-groups or within-subjects)

Question 24

During a group therapy session, a few group members complain that some of the members have not been disclosing information about themselves. Other members become defensive and say that they don’t feel like they should be required to talk about themselves. A therapist relying on the approach advocated by Irvin Yalom (1985) would:

Answer 24

encourage members to discuss the meaning of the conflict for them

Question 25

If an alpha error is equivalent to a false positive, then a beta error is equivalent to a _____.

Answer 25

False negative

Question 26

Research on motor imagination indicates that which area of the brain is most likely to be active when a person imagines they are engaging in a motor activity?

Answer 26

supplementary motor area

Question 27

Which of the following is not an example of an incentive plan?

Answer 27

Flexible benefit plan

Question 28

Goal-setting theory, equity theory, and expectancy theory share in common which of the following?

Answer 28

The assumption that human cognition affects behavior

Question 29

Survey feedback is a method of organizational development that is based on the premise that:

Answer 29

employees need to understand an organization’s strengths and weaknesses

Question 30

Along with the presence of an HIV infection, a diagnosis of Neurocognitive Disorder Due to HIV Infection requires:

Answer 30

the presence of symptoms that meet the criteria for Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the use of hypnotically induced testimony in legal proceedings?

Answer 31

Hypnotically induced testimony is permitted in some jurisdictions under specific conditions (e.g., when corroborating evidence is available).

Question 32

Sherif’s (1965) “social judgment theory” implies that, before trying to persuade someone to your point of view, you should consider his/her:

Answer 32

categories of judgment

Question 33

Overall, research investigating the effects of examiner race on the performance of African American children on IQ tests suggests that:

Answer 33

the performance of African American children is affected more by the examiner’s testing experience and attitudes than by their race

Question 34

If an investigator changes the level of significance for their research study from .01 to .001, they are _____.

Answer 34

less likely to incorrectly reject a true null hypothesis

Question 35

Which of the following best describes the difference between escape and avoidance conditioning?

Answer 35

Escape and avoidance conditioning are both the result of negative reinforcement, but only avoidance conditioning combines negative reinforcement with classical conditioning.

Question 36

Studies investigating dissociation in children have found that:

Answer 36

maltreated children exhibit more dissociative symptoms than non-maltreated children do, and this difference is apparent during the preschool years

Question 37

In their meta-analysis of the research on the impact of flextime on job outcomes, Baltes et al. (1999) found that this schedule has the greatest impact on:

Answer 37

absenteeism

Question 38

Males and females are given several vignettes that each present a situation that describes sexually toned behaviors by an employer toward an employee. Based on your knowledge of the research, you predict that:

Answer 38

females will be significantly more likely than males to rate the behaviors of the employers as sexual harassment, but only for behaviors that are mild to moderate in severity

Question 39

According to Helms (1990), the ability of Whites to develop a healthy racial identity is most closely related to:

Answer 39

the extent of racism in the society

Question 40

Based on APA’s guidelines, the best overall conclusion that can be drawn about dual relationships in forensic settings is that psychologists _________.

Answer 40

should avoid dual relationships that are inconsistent

Question 41

Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal) is most likely to be prescribed for which of the following?

Answer 41

essential tremor

Question 42

Which of the following has been found to be true about job enrichment?

Answer 42

It has positive effects (at least for some employees) on both job satisfaction and job performance.

Question 43

Second generation (atypical) antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine and risperidone are

Answer 43

serotonin-dopamine antagonists.

Question 44

Your new client says that she has great difficulty letting go of things to the point that her apartment has become dangerous because of the clutter and that her husband is threatening to leave her if she doesn’t clean up her mess. The woman states that she has always been a “collector” but that it “got out of control” after her son died two years ago. When determining whether to assign a diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), you should keep in mind that:

Answer 44

individuals with OCD who hoard in response to an obsession or compulsion are distressed by their hoarding behaviors, while those with Hoarding Disorder experience distress when they discard hoarded items

Question 45

Research results suggest that a person with Alcohol Use Disorder is most likely to meet the diagnostic criteria for which of the following?

Answer 45

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 46

In the context of cognitive-behavioral family therapy (Schwebel and Fine, 1994), “family ___________” refers to a set of cognitions that family members possess and that shape how they understand and approach family life.

Answer 46

schema

Question 47

Tactile agnosia is most likely due to damage to which area of the brain?

Answer 47

parietal

Question 48

Which of the following is used as an index of inter-rater reliability?

Answer 48

Percent agreement

Question 49

In the context of Freudian psychoanalysis, the goal of confrontation is to:

Answer 49

help the client see a behavior in a new way

Question 50

Biologically-based phobias are to socially-based phobias as:

Answer 50

unconditioned stimuli are to conditioned stimuli

Question 51

When using a structured interview, the responses of interviewees are evaluated:

Answer 51

against an established criterion

Question 52

Which of the following most accurately describes current laws related to a health professional’s obligation when the professional learns that a client or patient who has tested positive for the HIV virus has not told his/her partner of the diagnosis and is having unsafe sex with the partner?

Answer 52

The laws regarding breach of confidentiality by health professionals in this situation vary from state to state.

Question 53

Precocious puberty, or the development of secondary sex characteristics prior to age 8 in girls and 8.5 in boys, has been linked to premature awakening of the

Answer 53

Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

Question 54

From the perspective of Tuckman and Jensen’s (1977) model of group formation, an emphasis on socializing and developing close relationships is characteristic of the __________ stage.

Answer 54

norming

Question 55

Which of the following diagnoses involves a pervasive pattern of detachment from interpersonal relationships?

Answer 55

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Question 56

Phyllis P., a 32-year-old administrative assistant, is constantly seeking approval from others, and when she is criticized even for a minor offense, she becomes very hurt and angry. At office parties, Phyllis is especially seductive with male co-workers and physically affectionate with female co-workers, and she often behaves in ways that make her the center of attention. Based on this information, the most likely diagnosis for Phyllis is:

Answer 56

Histrionic

Question 57

When implementing the transtheoretical model, clinicians utilize __________ change processes that are matched with the client’s stage of change.

Answer 57

Ten different

Question 58

As a treatment for erectile dysfunction, sildenafil citrate (Viagra) exerts its therapeutic effects by increasing:

Answer 58

Blood flow to the penis

Question 59

A test developer uses a multitrait-multimethod matrix to organize the data she has collected in a validation study of her newly developed self-report measure of self-esteem. The matrix indicates that the correlation between her self-report measure of self-esteem and an established (previously validated) teacher rating of self-esteem is .91. This correlation coefficient is referred to as a:

Answer 59

monotrait-heteromethod coefficient

Question 60

Cognitive dissonance theory and ________ share in common the assumption that an uncomfortable experience or sensation is the primary cause of attitude change.

Answer 60

balance theory

Question 61

According to the Central Limit Theorem, a sampling distribution increasingly approaches a normal shape regardless of the shape of the population distribution _____.

Answer 61

as the size of the sample increases

Question 62

Berscheid’s (1983) “emotion-in-relationship” model proposes that strong positive emotions are more likely to be elicited in the initial stages of a relationship than in later stages because:

Answer 62

in the early stages, each partner is more likely to do something that is both positive and unexpected

Question 63

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in

Answer 63

transporting proteins and fats.

Question 64

Which of the following designs involves administering each level of the independent variable to participants so that it appears the same number of times in each position (first, second, etc.)?

Answer 64

Latin square

Question 65

Delirium shares many symptoms with Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, and some other psychotic disorders. Thus, the differential diagnosis of these disorders is often difficult. However, Delirium can typically be distinguished from psychotic disorders because:

Answer 65

the symptoms of Delirium tend to be random and haphazard while the symptoms of psychotic disorders are ordinarily systematized

Question 66

Which of the following represents a phoneme?

Answer 66

B (smallest unit)

Question 67

Greenberg and Shuman (1997) identify ten “irreconcilable conflicts” between therapeutic and forensic relationships. Which of the following is NOT one of the differences described by these authors between the roles of psychologist and forensic evaluator?

Answer 67

In a therapeutic relationship, the psychologist’s role is that of care provider; in a forensic relationship, the psychologist’s role is that of advocate.

Question 68

Youngsters begin to describe themselves in terms of personality attributes - e.g., “I’m smart,” “I’m friendly,” “I’m shy”:

Answer 68

toward the end of middle childhood (ages 10-12)

Question 69

Which of the following techniques would be most useful for investigating a person’s cognitive processes while working on a complex task?

Answer 69

Protocol analysis

Question 70

The most frequent co-diagnosis for children with a learning disorder is ADHD, with approximately _____% of children with a learning disorder also receiving the latter diagnosis.

Answer 70

20 to 30

Question 71

The diagnosis of a Substance Use Disorder requires the presence of ___ or more characteristic symptoms for at least ___ months.

Answer 71

two; 12

Question 72

Historically, which of the following has (have) been considered the “hallmark” of addiction?

Answer 72

Tolerance and withdrawal

Question 73

As described in the DSM-5, the five core symptoms of the Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders are:

Answer 73

hallucinations, negative symptoms, grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior, delusions, and disorganized speech/thinking

Question 74

According to Maslow’s theory of motivation, when a person’s prepotent need is ungratified:

Answer 74

the ungratified need continues to be a primary motivator

Question 75

In organizations, employee surveys are most often conducted to:

Answer 75

evaluate employee attitudes and opinions about an intervention

Question 76

The symptoms of PTSD are grouped in the DSM-5 in terms of which of the following clusters?

Answer 76

Intrusion, avoidance, cognition and mood, and arousal and reactivity

Question 77

Howard et al.’s (1996) phase model proposes that a client’s progress in therapy occurs in three predictable phases. The final phase of this model is:

Answer 77

rehabilitation

Question 78

A 13-year-old boy has recently began displaying a strong need for power and desire to get even with anyone who he thinks has wronged him. Which theorist would be most likely to presume that the teen’s behaviors are ultimately rooted in his desire to belong?

Answer 78

Alfred Adler

Question 79

Cortisol and aldosterone are produced by which of the following?

Answer 79

Adrenal cortex

Question 80

Whenever a mother yells at her child when he is whining, the boy stops whining for a short period. Over time, the mother notices that she’s having to yell at her son more and more often to keep the boy from whining. The boy is controlling his mother’s behavior through:

Answer 80

negative reinforcement

Question 81

If the court determines that a selection procedure is having an adverse impact, a company:

Answer 81

can use the procedure only if there is evidence that it is valid and there are no alternative procedures

Question 82

From a “control systems” perspective, when established control mechanisms are no longer effective due to radical changes in the environment, new mechanisms must be sought or developed. These new mechanisms will help the system adapt to environmental changes by providing:

Answer 82

positive feedback

Question 83

A mother teaches her son to feed the dog by first showing him how to put the dog food into the dog dish. Once the boy has mastered that task, she teaches him to open a can of dog food and then put it into the dish. Finally, she teaches her son to open the cupboard, take out a can of dog food, open it, and put the dog food in the dog dish. The procedure that the mother has used is best described as:

Answer 83

backward chaining

Question 84

The nocturnal-only subtype of Enuresis:

Answer 84

is more common in boys and occurs most often during non-REM sleep

Question 85

High, prolonged levels of cortisol have been associated with damage to which area of the brain?

Answer 85

hippocampus

Question 86

The word HEART is projected onto a screen so that HE is projected to the subject’s left visual field only, while ART is projected to the subject’s right visual field only. If the subject in the experiment is a “split brain” patient, you would expect the person to report seeing

Answer 86

ART only

Question 87

A person taking an SSRI in conjunction with an MAOI may develop ______________, which is characterized by agitation, confusion, tremor, unsteady gait, diarrhea, sweating, and chills.

Answer 87

Serotonin syndrome

Question 88

If a dog learns that pressing a button with its nose eliminates a loud noise, which of the following has occurred?

Answer 88

Escape conditioning

Question 89

An amputee experiences a sensation on his missing limb whenever he is touched on his lower lip. This is referred to as ____________________.

Answer 89

Referred phantom sensation

Question 90

Research on the serial position effect suggests that when “cramming” for a test, it is important to:

Answer 90

give extra attention to material studied during the middle of the study session

Question 91

A psychologist is investigating the impact of a treatment for children with severe behavioral problems. In this situation, the psychologist believes it would be unethical to withdraw the treatment if it is effective just for the purpose of confirming its effects. To address this concern, which of the following single-subject research designs should the psychologist use?

Answer 91

Multiple baseline

Question 92

In his well-known 1973 study, Rosenhan had several “pseudopatients” admit themselves to psychiatric hospitals with complaints of auditory hallucinations. Which of the following is most useful for interpreting the results of Rosenhan’s study?

Answer 92

Halo effect

Question 93

A child with Autism Spectrum Disorder without language impairment would be expected to obtain the lowest score on which of the following WISC-V subtests?

Answer 93

Coding (PSI)

Question 94

Research comparing the children of heterosexual and homosexual parents has generally found that:

Answer 94

the children of gay/lesbian parents and heterosexual parents do not differ in terms of sexual orientation

Question 95

Dr. Baron is the only licensed psychologist in a small mental health clinic. The other professionals working at the clinic include the director, who is a psychiatrist, and two social workers. Dr. Baron has just accepted a job at another clinic in a neighboring town. With regard to his client files, Dr. Baron would be best advised to ______________________.

Answer 95

leave the files with the director

Question 96

When an assumption for a one-way ANOVA is violated, which of the following would be the best course of action to analyze the data?

Answer 96

Kruskal-Wallis

Question 97

A structural family therapist would use a family map to:

Answer 97

clarify the nature of the boundaries between family subsystems

Question 98

From a Freudian perspective, a phobia is:

Answer 98

an externalization of a forbidden impulse

Question 99

When the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 produces a coefficient of .98, this means that:

Answer 99

the items in the test are homogeneous

Question 100

A third-grade teacher puts a student in the “time-out chair” for 15 minutes when he is disruptive. After 10 minutes in time-out, the boy tells the teacher that he is sorry, that he knows what he did was wrong, and that he won’t bother the other children again. The teacher lets him rejoin the other students in the classroom. Three days later, the boy again disturbs the other students and the teacher sends him to time-out for 15 minutes. This time, the boy apologizes and promises he won’t misbehave again after only 8 minutes. The teacher again lets the boy rejoin his classmates. In this situation, the boy’s expression of remorse is being controlled by which of the following?

Answer 100

Escape conditioning

Question 101

Research on the speed-accuracy tradeoff suggests that, when teaching complex motor skills that require both speed and accuracy for successful performance, the best strategy is to initially:

Answer 101

emphasize speed over accuracy

Question 102

Gregory Herek defined _____________ as the shared knowledge of society’s negative regard for any nonheterosexual behavior, identity, relationship, or community.

Answer 102

sexual stigma

Question 103

Antonia has explored a number of careers that involve science, but she hasn’t made a commitment to an identity. What identity status is Antonia most likely displaying, according to James Marcia?

Answer 103

Identity moratorium

Question 104

According to Aaron Beck, the core link between depression and suicide is:

Answer 104

feelings of hopelessness

Question 105

Several studies investigating the progression of HIV infection have evaluated the impact of demographic factors. Regarding age, these studies have most consistently found that among adults:

Answer 105

older age is associated with a more rapid HIV disease progression.

Question 106

A 35-year-old woman asks a psychologist to help her quit drinking. The psychologist suggests she imagine drinking a glass of alcohol and then visualize becoming nauseated by the drink, vomiting on the floor and herself, and becoming embarrassed. Which technique is the psychologist using?

Answer 106

Covert sensitization

Question 107

When conducting research with human participants, a psychologist should be aware that __________________.

Answer 107

participants must be informed promptly if possible or, if necessary to delay a debriefing, psychologists must reduce the risk for harm

Question 108

You receive a phone call from Hermann H., age 28, who says he is “totally miserable” because of the recent breakup with his girlfriend and that he would like to begin therapy with you. During the first session with Hermann, you find out that his political views are completely repugnant to you, and you feel that you would be ineffective working with him. As an ethical psychologist, you should _________.

Answer 108

Provide him with referrals