Lifestyle

Question 1

1. Which of the following is a key pillar of Canada’s Food Guide (2019)?
   A) Avoid dairy and meat
   B) Use supplements for nutrient needs
   C) Make water your drink of choice
   D) Track calories at every meal

Answer 1

C) Make water your drink of choice

Question 2

2. Which behavior change strategy aligns with the transtheoretical model in the “preparation” stage?
   A) Patient denies need for change
   B) Patient actively implements changes
   C) Patient makes small steps toward change
   D) Patient relapses and returns to old behavior

Answer 2

C) Patient makes small steps toward change

Question 3

3. Which of the following is most effective in promoting long-term weight loss maintenance?
   A) Fasting 3 days per week
   B) High-protein, low-carb diet only
   C) Regular physical activity and behavior modification
   D) Avoiding all sugars and fats completely

Answer 3

C) Regular physical activity and behavior modification

Question 4

4. Which micronutrient may be insufficient in individuals following a strict vegan lifestyle?
   A) Vitamin C
   B) Vitamin B12
   C) Vitamin A
   D) Vitamin K

Answer 4

B) Vitamin B12

Question 5

5. Which is an example of a SMART goal for a patient wanting to reduce soda intake?
   A) “Drink less soda”
   B) “Avoid all sugar forever”
   C) “Drink one soda per day instead of three for the next 2 weeks”
   D) “Never drink soda again”

Answer 5

C) “Drink one soda per day instead of three for the next 2 weeks”

Question 6

What is the minimum recommended amount of moderate-intensity physical activity per week for adults, according to Canadian guidelines?
A) 75 minutes
B) 100 minutes
C) 150 minutes
D) 200 minutes

Answer 6

C) 150 minutes

Question 7

Which dietary pattern is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and includes olive oil, legumes, and fish?
A) Paleo diet
B) Ketogenic diet
C) Mediterranean diet
D) DASH diet

Answer 7

C) Mediterranean diet

Question 8

In motivational interviewing, which of the following is NOT a core principle?
A) Confrontation
B) Empathy
C) Support self-efficacy
D) Roll with resistance

Answer 8

A) Confrontation

Question 9

Which behavior best represents mindful eating?
A) Eating while watching TV
B) Tracking every calorie consumed
C) Paying attention to hunger and fullness cues
D) Avoiding all carbohydrates

Answer 9

C) Paying attention to hunger and fullness cues

Question 10

Which type of fat is most recommended for heart health in a lifestyle nutrition approach?
A) Trans fats
B) Saturated fats
C) Omega-3 fatty acids
D) Palm oil

Answer 10

C) Omega-3 fatty acids

Question 11

Which dietary pattern has been shown to reduce blood pressure effectively?
A) High-fat, high-protein
B) DASH diet
C) Low-fiber, low-carb
D) Intermittent fasting

Answer 11

B) DASH diet

Question 12

What is the best method to assess readiness to change dietary habits?
A) Weight and BMI
B) Food frequency questionnaire
C) Transtheoretical model
D) Waist circumference

Answer 12

C) Transtheoretical model

Question 13

In goal setting, what does the “R” in SMART stand for?
A) Reliable
B) Relevant
C) Regular
D) Reflective

Answer 13

B) Relevant

Question 14

Which is most effective for long-term behavior change?
A) Strict dietary rules
B) Punishment for non-compliance
C) Positive reinforcement and support
D) Elimination diets without education

Answer 14

C) Positive reinforcement and support

Question 15

What is a common barrier to healthy eating in low-income populations?
A) Food allergies
B) Limited nutrition knowledge
C) Poor food access
D) Lack of cooking interest

Answer 15

C) Poor food access

Question 16

A 38-year-old male with obesity wants to lose weight but says he has no time to cook or exercise.
Question: Which of the following is the best initial approach?
A) Provide a strict 1,200 kcal meal plan
B) Suggest skipping meals to save time
C) Use motivational interviewing to explore priorities
D) Recommend fasting for 16 hours per day

Answer 16

C) Use motivational interviewing to explore priorities

Question 17

A 45-year-old man wants to improve his health and eat better but frequently eats fast food for lunch.
Question: What is the most appropriate SMART goal?
A) “Stop eating fast food”
B) “Bring lunch from home 3 times per week for the next month”
C) “Eat only salads”
D) “Never eat out again”

Answer 17

B) “Bring lunch from home 3 times per week for the next month”

Question 18

A 60-year-old woman with hypertension is interested in improving her lifestyle. She currently walks 2x per week and eats a high-sodium diet.
Question: What intervention is most aligned with the lifestyle nutrition approach?
A) Start her on a low-carb diet
B) Increase walking to 5x per week and adopt DASH-style meals
C) Recommend herbal supplements
D) Advise her to avoid all processed foods immediately

Answer 18

: B) Increase walking to 5x per week and adopt DASH-style meals

Question 19

A 29-year-old man with no medical history wants to prevent chronic disease through diet.
Question: Which is the most evidence-based dietary recommendation?
A) Avoid all grains
B) Prioritize plant-based whole foods, reduce processed items
C) Follow a high-fat, no-carb diet
D) Eliminate fruit due to sugar content

Answer 19

B) Prioritize plant-based whole foods, reduce processed items

Question 20

A 50-year-old office worker reports chronic stress and poor sleep. She snacks frequently at night and has gained weight.
Question: Which is the most appropriate lifestyle intervention?
A) Prescribe sleeping pills
B) Recommend skipping dinner
C) Integrate stress management and mindful eating techniques
D) Suggest cutting out carbs

Answer 20

C) Integrate stress management and mindful eating techniques

Question 21

A patient wants to reduce alcohol intake but is unsure how to begin.
Question: What motivational interviewing technique would best support this patient?
A) Confrontation
B) Open-ended questions and reflective listening
C) Directive goal setting
D) Food tracking only

Answer 21

B) Open-ended questions and reflective listening

Question 22

Which of the following is a common motivational interviewing technique used to encourage positive dietary behavior change?
A. Advising without permission
B. Closed-ended questions
C. Reflective listening
D. Emphasizing authority

Answer 22

C

Question 23

What is the minimum weekly duration of moderate-intensity aerobic activity recommended for adults by Canada’s 24-Hour Movement Guidelines?
A. 75 minutes
B. 90 minutes
C. 150 minutes
D. 200 minutes

Answer 23

c

Question 24

Which behavior change theory emphasizes stages such as contemplation, preparation, and action?
A. Health Belief Model
B. Theory of Planned Behavior
C. Transtheoretical Model
D. Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 24

c

Question 25

A 25-year-old woman follows a plant-based diet and is feeling fatigued. Lab Results: Low serum B12 Question: What is the most appropriate recommendation? A) Eat more oranges B) Increase red meat intake C) Take a B12 supplement D) Add calcium-rich foods

Answer 25

C) Take a B12 supplement

Question 26

Which macronutrient is emphasized in the Mediterranean diet for heart disease prevention? A. Saturated fat B. Polyunsaturated fat C. Monounsaturated fat D. Trans fat

Answer 26

c

Question 27

Which dietary pattern has the strongest evidence for managing hypertension? A. High-protein diet B. DASH diet C. Ketogenic diet D. Low-FODMAP diet

Answer 27

b

Question 28

Which of the following is a key feature of mindful eating? A. Eating based on portion sizes B. Restricting snacks between meals C. Paying attention to hunger and satiety cues D. Avoiding carbohydrates completely

Answer 28

c

Question 29

Which supplement is most likely to be overused by physically active young adults without clinical indication? A. Vitamin D B. Fish oil C. Creatine D. Calcium

Answer 29

c

Question 30

According to Health Canada, which of the following is recommended for smoking cessation support? A. High-protein diet B. Multivitamin use C. Behavior modification and nicotine replacement D. Elimination diet

Answer 30

c

Question 31

A 42-year-old client is referred for nutrition counseling. She wants to lose 10 kg, improve her energy levels, and prevent chronic disease. She reports eating fast food 5 days a week, drinks 2 sugary sodas per day, and is sedentary. Her blood pressure is 145/90 mmHg and BMI is 32. Question: Based on motivational interviewing, what is the most appropriate initial response from the dietitian? A. Provide a detailed 1,200-calorie meal plan B. Advise her to eliminate all fast food and soda immediately C. Ask permission to discuss one area she feels ready to change D. Emphasize the risks of obesity and hypertension

Answer 31

c

Question 32

A 25-year-old male is training for a triathlon. He follows a vegan diet and has started experiencing fatigue. He is supplementing with protein powder and B12. Question: What should be the next step in assessing his nutritional status? A. Recommend increasing red meat B. Evaluate iron intake and possible deficiency C. Stop B12 supplementation D. Increase water intake

Answer 32

b