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MSK Pathophysiology > Ligaments > Flashcards

Ligaments Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is involved in a high ankle sprain?

A

Talus - wider anterior than posterior
Anterior, posterior and transverse inferior tibiofibula ligament
Interosseous membrane and ligament

Connection of the distal tibia and fibula
The talus moves between the two bones during external rotation and DF spreading the tin and fib apart

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of a high ankle sprain?

A

Loss of rom
Instability
Pain and unable to weight bear
Bruising due to im involvement

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3
Q

How does a high ankle sprain occur?

A

Extreme external rotation or DF
Forces apart the bony Mortis

Talus is forced between the distal tib and fib putting a strain on the ligaments

There can also be fractures of the tibia but more commonly the fibula

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4
Q

How would you test for a high ankle sprain?

A

Squeeze test

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5
Q

What structures are involved in a medial ankle sprain?

A

Medial deltoid ligament
- tibionavicular
- Tibiocalcaneal
- anterior tibiotaler
- posterior tibiotaler

Bony Mortis
- fibula
Talus
Tibia

Medial mal and talus provide stability and reduce ankle sprain risk

Fibula restricts the foot from everting too far

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of a medial ankle sprain?

A

Instability
Medial ankle pain
Lateral ankle pain
Swelling

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7
Q

How does a medial ankle sprain occur?

A

Sudden Eversion of the ankle
Pots fracture to fibula - foot everts too far
Ligament sprains

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8
Q

How do you test for a medial ankle sprain?

A

Eversion stress test

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9
Q

What structures are involved in a lateral ankle sprain?

A

Anterior talo fibula ligament
Posterior talo fibula ligament
Calcaneo fibula ligament

Resists inversion and pf of ankle
Stabilise ankle
Active control from peroneals
Foot most unstable in pf

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of lateral ankle sprain?

A

Pain especially when weight bearing
Bruising redness and swelling
Limited rom

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11
Q

How does a lateral ankle sprain occur?

A

Forceful pf and inversion of the foot
Walking on uneven surface
Weak peroneals
Landing from a jump
Blow to medial lower leg before landing

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12
Q

What tests will be used to diagnose a lateral ankle sprain?

A

Anterior draw
Inversion stress test
Taler tilt for cfl

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13
Q

What is involved in an acl tear?

A

ACl
Prevents excessive anterior translation of the tibia from the femur
Provides stability during rotation
Prevents tibial rotation during knee extension

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of an ACL tear?

A

Pain in the knee
Instability
Swelling
Loss of rom

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15
Q

How does an ACL year occur?

A

Rapid deceleration - weak hamstrings and strong quads means the tibia is pulled forward

Landing with knee valgus and not enough flexion

Planted foot bent knee and sudden rotation

Direct blow to the lateral knee with foot planted

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16
Q

How would you test for ACL sprain?

A

Anterior draw

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17
Q

What is involved in a PCL sprain?

A

PCL ligament
Thicker and stronger than ACL
Main knee stabiliser
Resists posterior translation of the tibia from the femur
Prevents excessive rotation of the tibia during flexion

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of a PCL tear?

A

Swelling not a lot
Pain
Pain on Palpation
Instability
Stiffness

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19
Q

How does a PCL sprain occur?

Study These Flashcards
A

Excessive external trauma - dashboard injury
Direct blow to the anterior tibia
Falling into a flexed knee

20
Q

How would you test for a PCL tear)

Study These Flashcards
A

Posterior sag
Posterior draw

21
Q

What is involved in an MCL sprain?

Study These Flashcards
A

MCL
Attaches to medial meniscus
Stabilises the knee during external rotation at 30 flexion
Resists valgus force
Provides knee stability
Stabilises the knee when moving from extension to flexion

22
Q

What are the symptoms of MCL sprain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Medial knee pain
Instability
Stiffness
Pain
Pain on Palpation

23
Q

How does an MCL tear occur?

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A

Direct blow to the lateral knee when foot is planted
Can occur with ACL and meniscus injury

24
Q

How would you test for MCL sprain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Valgus stress test

25
What is involved in an LCL sprain?
LCL Thinner than MCL Popliteus seperate the lateral meniscus and LCL Stabilises the knee Resists Varus force Steps in for acl and PCL when torn Stretched during extension
26
What are the symptoms of LCL sprain?
Swelling Pain Locking and catching Instability Pain on lateral knee
27
How does an LCL occur?
Direct blow to anyerior medial knee Sudden twisting of the knee Sudden hyper extension of the knee
28
How do you test for LCL sprain?
Varus stress test
29
What’s involved in radial ligament sprain?
Radial lateral ligament of elbow Blends with the ulna ligament Inserts into the annular ligament of radius Stabilised the elbow Resists Varus forces
30
How does a radial ligament sprain occur?
Following dislocation Forceful Varus Elbow instability allowing the proximal radius and ulna to externally rotate away from the humerus during supination
31
What test would you use for radial ligament sprain?
Varus stress test
32
What is involved in an ulna medialigament sprain?
Medial ulna collateral elbow ligament Fan shaped Stabilises the ulna and radial humeral joints Resists valgus force Anterior resists extension Posterior resists flexion
33
What are the symptoms of a medial ulna ligament sprain?
Medial elbow pain Instability Pain when throwing
34
How does a medial elbow sprain occur?
Overhead throwing Valgus on elbow during late cocking and early acceleration FOOSH Forced twisting of the arm with palm planted
35
How would you test for medial ulna ligament sprain?
Vagus stress test
36
What is involved in posterior ankle impingement?
Flexor hallucis longus Posterior talo fibula ligament Posterior tibiotaler ligament Ankle stability Eversion prevention Tow flexion
37
What are the symptoms of posterior ankle impingement?
Pain at posterior medial ankle Pain with inversion and pf Posterior lateral ankle locking
38
How does posterior ankle impingement occur?
Thickening of FHL tendon - can be impinged between calcaneus and tibia during PF Swelling of tibiotaler ligament due to acute injury - can impinge between medial talus and medial melleolus
39
How would you test for posterior ankle impingement?
Limited DF Palpation if FHL
40
What is involved in posteriolateral corner injury?
LCL Popliteus tendon Popliteofibula ligament Faifibular ligament Bicep femoris tendon ITB Prevents hyper extension of knee Prevents tibial external rotation Prevents Varus force Provides stability to posterior and lateral knee
41
What symptoms would you see with a postlat corner injury?
Knee instability Bruising and swelling peroneal nerve symptoms
42
How does a postlat corner Injury occur?
External tibial rotation and hyper extension Accompanies ACL and PCL tear Ligament and tendon damage Peroneal nerve damage Fibula head avulsion
43
How would you test for POSat corner Injury?
Dial test
44
What are the structures involved in posterolateral rotatory instability?
Radial and medial lateral collateral ligament Radial head Coronoid process Lateral epicondyle Prevents posterolateral laxity of elbow Coronoid process prevents posterior displacement of the ulna from humerus Brachialis biceps and triceps stabilise elbow
45
What are the symptoms of posteriolateral rotatory instability?
Lateral elbow pain Instability with load
46
Why does the rotatory instability occur?
Trauma to any anatomical structures involved FOOSH elbow dislocation Lateral epicondylitis can lead to laxity of LCL Steroid injections
47
How to test for rotatory instability
Chair push up test

MSK Pathophysiology (6 decks)

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