Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy (Neuro) > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

the four functions of the limbic system

A

HOME: homeostasis, olfactory processing, memory processing, emotional content of memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the cingulate gyrus above the corpus collosum, the parahippocampal gyrus on the medial aspect of the temporal lobes, and the orbitofrontal gyri above the orbits are related in that they are all a part of the….

A

limbic lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

buried deep inside the parahippocampal gyri on the medial aspect of each temporal lobe are an array of structures associated with the ___

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the most medial part of the temporal lobe is known as the

A

uncus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

underneath the uncus (the most medial part of the temporal lobe) is the ____, which lies anterior to the hippocampal formation

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the subcortical structures on the medial aspect of each hemisphere but on the most inferior parts of each frontal lobe are the ____ nuclei

A

septal nuclei, involved in emotional response and reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the olfactory mucosa contain what type of neurons?

A

bipolar neurons, which give rise to olfactory receptors embedded in mucosal lining of nasal cavity, and also to central processes that pass through the cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the bipolar neurons pass through this sieve-like bone found between the superior aspect of the nasal cavity and the anterior cranial fossa. what is the?

A

cribriform plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: the olfactory nerve (CN I) is not a single nerve

A

TRUE: simply a bunch of bipolar neurons that send their central processes through the cribriform plate to synapse on 2nd neuron in overlying olfactory bulb (containing mitral cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cribriform plate fracture results in this symptom

A

CSF rhinorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the ___ cells in the olfactory bulb send their axons through the olfactory tract to the primary olfactory cortex

A

mitral cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the olfactory bulb (mitral cells) and tract axons project to the ____ in the olfactory cortex, the ____ in the medial temporal lobe, and the ____ in the hippocampal formation in the parahippocampal gyrus

A

the olfactory bulb (mitral cells) and tract axons project to the PIRIFORM CORTEX in the olfactory cortex, the AMYGDALA in the medial temporal lobe, and the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation in the parahippocampal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the only sensory system that reaches cortical area without relaying through the thalamus

A

olfactory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the neurons in the olfactory pathway?

A
  1. bipolar neurons in nasal mucosa
  2. mitral cells in olfactory bulb
  3. piriform cortex in olfactory cortex, amygdala, entorhinal cortex in hippocampal formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

major location for developing emotional content memories

A

amygdala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three components of the hippocampus, forming the shape of a seahorse?

A

hippocampus proper (Ammon’s horn)
dentate gyrus
subiculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lying adjacent to the hippocampus (proper, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) is the ____ cortex of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

entorhinal cortex

18
Q

the ____ cortex in the parahippocampal gyrus provides virtually all daily input that is arriving and being processed by hippocampus

A

entorhinal cortex

19
Q

besides the entorhinal cortex (parahippocampal gyrus), the hippocampus proper also receives some input from these two places:

A 
septal nuclei (medial and most inferior of temporal lobe)
amygdala
20
Q

these nuclei are a major location in the brain of cholinergic neurons that project their axons via the fornix into the hippocampal formation, and they play a role in enhancing memory consolidation. what are?

A

septal nuclei (including within the basal nucleus of Meynert)

21
Q

the axons leaving the entorhinal cortex headed to the hippocampus proper exit via the ____

A 
perforant path (perforates the hippocampal formation)
these synapse with granule cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus
22
Q

the axons of the entorhinal cortex exit via the perforant path and synapse on the ___ in the ___

A

granule cells in the dentate gyrus. granule cells then project to cornu ammonis region 3 (CA3) pyramidal cells in hippocampal formation

23
Q

after receiving input from entorhinal cortex, the granule cells of the dentate gyrus (hippocampus) synapse on the cornu ammonis region 3 (CA3) pyramidal cells in the hippocampal formation, which then synapse on ____ (also in hippocampal formation)

A

pyramidal cells

24
Q

where are the 3 levels that long-term potentiation occurs in the hippocampus?

A
  1. granule cells (receiving input from entorhinal cortex)
  2. CA3 pyramidal cells
  3. CA1 pyramidal cells
25
Q

the outflow of newly-consolidated memories within the hippocampus project to the ____

A

subiculum- major destination of hippocampal formation outflow

26
Q

major destination of hippocampal formation outflow

A

subiculum (Latin for “support”)

27
Q

the axons that leave the subiculum (major destination of hippocampal formation outflow) do what?

A

coalesce on the surface to form the alveus (located on the lateral ventricle surface of the hippocampal formation)
alveus axons then coalesce to form fimbria, and ultimately fornix

28
Q

major efferent pathway of the hippocampal formation?

A

fornix

29
Q

what are the neurons of the Papez circuit?

A
  1. memories consolidated in hippocampal formation (granule cells, CA3, CA1), input from entorhinal cortex
  2. axon outflow via fornix (subiculum)
  3. post-commissural fornix axons project to mammillary body (diencephalon)
    [pre-commissural fornix project to septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens, but not main projection]
  4. mammillary body projects to anterior nucleus (thalamus)
  5. cingulate gyrus (limbic associated cortex), which closes circuit by projecting back to entorhinal cortex (parahippocampal gyrus)
30
Q

the pre-commissural axonal projections of the fornix project where?

A

septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens

post-commissural fornix is major output, going to mammillary body

31
Q

on the medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes above the corpus collosum is the end destination of the Papez circuit. what is the?

A

cingulate gyrus

32
Q

a chronic abuser of alcohol or someone deficient in thiamine (Vit B1) develops selective degeneration of what set of neurons? what is this condition called?

A

mammillary body in hypothalamus (diencephalon)

–> Korsakoff psychosis

33
Q

irreversible degenerative loss of mammillary neurons bilaterally

A

Korsakoff psychosis

alcoholism or vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

34
Q

a person who develops Korsakoff syndrome may develop long-term gait problems (gait ataxia) due to neural changes in what area?

A

anterior vermis of cerebellum

35
Q

where does Alzheimer’s dementia develop initially?

A 
entorhinal cortex (subiculum of hippocampus) 
neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques here
36
Q

over time, a patient with Alzheimer’s may develop what kind of preferential aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s (fluent) aphasia

37
Q

what are the two regions of the amygdala? what inputs do they receive?

A

basolateral region- external stimuli

corticomedial region- visceral input

38
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

bilateral lesion of amygdala, usually includes nearby hippocampus–>
profound amnesia (anterograde and retrograde)
placid or docile- lacking appropriate emotional responses (esp. fear)
oral tendencies (putting things in mouth), hypersexuality
possible visual agnosia

39
Q

a patient presents with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, a placid disposition, hypersexual comments, and prosopagnosia (inability to recognize familiar faces). where is the lesion?

A

bilateral lesion of amygdala, and lesion of nearby hippocampus
Kluver-Bucy syndrome

40
Q

near the septal nuclei of the anterior basal part of the forebrain, right near the juncture between the putamen and the caudate nucleus, just underneath the anterior limb of the internal capsule is the….

A

nucleus accumbens

41
Q

what are the 3 sources of input to the mesolimbic projection in the basal ganglia as part of the reward circuit?

A

amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex

Anatomy (Neuro) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions