Limbs 2

Question 1

What two bones form the forearm

Answer 1

Radius and ulna
Connected by interosseous membrane which connects the bones to stabilize them. Allows vessels to pierce from anterior to posterior aspect of forearm

Question 2

Elbow joint

Answer 2

Synovial hinge joint allows flexion and extension of forearm
Formed between three joints which are humeroradial humeroulnar and proximal radiulnar joint
The first two form the hinge joint

Question 3

Full flexion of elbow

Answer 3

About 150 degrees
The coronoid fossa accommodates the coronoid process of ulna
Radial fossa accommodates for radial head

Question 4

Ligaments of elbow

Answer 4

Radial collateral ligament which attaches to lateral epicondyle of humerus and anular ligament laterally
Ulnar collateral ligament which attaches to medial epicondyle of humerus and proximal head of ulnar. It has three fibres anterior posterior and inferior
They stabilize during hinge movement

Question 5

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 5

Is a pivot joint
Formed between radial head radial notch of ulnar and annular ligament laterally
Allows for supination and pronation

Question 6

Annular ligament

Answer 6

Forms a loop that holds the radial head against the ulna
Stabilizes radioulnar joint

Question 7

What muscles make up the anterior arm

Answer 7

BBC
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

Question 8

Proximal attachment and distal attachment of biceps brachii

Answer 8

Long head
Origin from supraglenoid tubercle insterion into radial tuberoscity

Shirt head
Origin from coracoid process inserts into radial tuberosity

Question 9

Action of biceps brachii

Answer 9

Flexes the arm and forearm

Question 10

Innervation of biceps brachii

Answer 10

Musculocutneous nerve

Question 11

Brachialis proximal and distal attachment

Answer 11

From mid shaft of humerus to ulna tuberosity

Question 12

Action of brachialis

Answer 12

Flexes forearm

Question 13

Innervation of brachialis

Answer 13

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 14

Coracobrachialis proximal and distal attachment

Answer 14

From coracoid process to mid shaft of humerus

Question 15

Action of Coracobrachialis and Innervation

Answer 15

Flexes forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 16

Triceps brachi origin insection action Innervation

Answer 16

Long head
Origin from infraglenoid tubercle of scapula insertion into olecranon process of ulna

Medial head
Origim from inferior to radial groove insertion into olecranon process of ulna

Lateral head
Origin from humerus superior to radial groove inserts into olecranon process of ulna

All extend the forearm and are Innervated by radial nerve

Question 17

Brachiradialis

Answer 17

Only muscle in posterior forearm that flexes instead of extends

Question 18

Retinaculum

Answer 18

Thick fascia bound close to a joint holding tendons down during muscle contraction to prevent bow stringing

Question 19

What muscles make up the anterior forearm

Answer 19

Pronator Teres
Flexor digitorium superficialis
Flexor digitorium profundus

Question 20

Proximal attachment of muscles of forearm

Answer 20

Medial epicondyle
(Common flexor)

Question 21

Pronator teres distal attachment

Answer 21

Midshaft of radius

Question 22

Pronator teres action and Innervation

Answer 22

Pronates forearm and flexes it
Innervated by median nerve

Question 23

Flexor digitorium superficialis digital attachment

Answer 23

Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 24

Action of flexor digitorium superficialis

Answer 24

Flexes hand and flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2x5
Flexes proximal phalanges at metacarphophalngeal joint

Question 25

Innervation of flexor digitorium superficialis

Answer 25

Median nerve

Question 26

Flexor digitorium profundus distal attachment

Answer 26

Distal phalanges of 2-5

Question 27

Action of flexor digitorium profundus

Answer 27

Flexes digital phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of digits at digits 2-5 Assists in hand flexion

Question 28

Innervation of flexor digitorium profundus

Answer 28

Lateral part median nerve Medial part ulnar nerve

Question 29

Brachioradialis attachments

Answer 29

Origin from Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus To Lateral surface of distal end of radius

Question 30

Action of brachioradialis

Answer 30

Flexes forearm

Question 31

Innervation of brachioradialis

Answer 31

Radial nerve

Question 32

Supinator origin and Insertion

Answer 32

Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior surface of ulna Posterior, lateral and anterior surface of proximal radius

Question 33

Action and Innervation of supinator

Answer 33

Supinates forearm Innervated by radial nerve (deep branch)

Question 34

Abductor policis longus attachments

Answer 34

Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane inserts into Base of 1st metacarpal

Question 35

Action of abductor policis longus and Innervation

Answer 35

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)

Question 36

Extensor policis brevis attachment

Answer 36

Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane and inserts into Proximal phalanx of thumb

Question 37

Extensor pollicis brevis action and Innervation

Answer 37

Extends proximal phalanx of the thumb at carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints Blood supply via Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)

Question 38

Extensor pollicis longus attachments

Answer 38

Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane until Distal phalanx of thumb

Question 39

Action of extensor policis longus and Innervation

Answer 39

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints Innervation Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)

Question 40

Musculocutaneous nerve c5-c7

Answer 40

Terminal branch of lateral chord Pierces Coracobrachialis to reach biceps and brachialis Muscular Innervation to anterior arm muscles Cutaneous innervation to lateral forearm

Question 41

Axillary nerve c5-c6

Answer 41

From the posterior cord Motor Innervation to deltoid and teres minor Sensory Innervation to upper lateral aspect of arm

Question 42

Radial nerve c5xT1

Answer 42

Branch of posterior cord Passes through the triangular space and descends within the radial groove Gives muscular branches to head of triceps and aconeus Innervates all posterior arm and forearm muscles Cutaneous branch in arm and forearm

Question 43

What does radial nerve divide into

Answer 43

In elbow it divides to give Deep branch-motor supply to posterior muscles of the forearm Distal to the supinator the deep branch is known as the posterior interosseus nerve Superficialis branch-cutaneous to the dorsolateral hand

Question 44

Radial nerve injury

Answer 44

Radial nerve travels down the radial groove of the posterior humerus Susceptible to injury from a fracture of the humeral shaft thus causing weakness or paralysis of the extensors of the wrist because of loss of Innervation this wrist droop

Question 45

Ulnar nerve

Answer 45

Terminal branch of medial cord Passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus and it’s easily damaged here Muscular branches to medial half of flexor digitorium profundus and flexor carpi u,naris

Question 46

Median nerve

Answer 46

From lateral and medial cords Innervates most of the anterior forearm Commonly damaged at the distal arm In cubital fossa the median nerve lies medial to the brachial artery It descedunds into forearm anterior to FDP In the forearm it gives off the anterior interssoeas nerve

Question 47

Arterial supply to muscles of arm

Answer 47

The arm is supplied by the brachial artery which is a continuation of the Axillary artery The brachial artery gives rise to the deep brachial artery which supplies triceps

Question 48

What does the brachial artery bifurcate into

Answer 48

Radial and ulnar artery in the cubital fossa Ulnar artery gives rise to the common interosseus artery

Question 49

What does the common interosseus artery bifurcate into

Answer 49

Anterior and posterior interosseus arteries

Question 50

Venous drainage superficial

Answer 50

Cephalic veins ascends the anterolateral, aspect of forearm and drains into Axillary vein Basilic vein ascends into forearm and receives the median cubital vein at the cubital fossa

Question 51

Deep veins of forearm and arm

Answer 51

The radial and ulnar veins unite in the cubital fossa to form the brachial veins The basilic vein continues and unites with the brachial vein in the arm to form the Axillary vein

Question 52

Cubital fossa boundaries

Answer 52

Superior-horizontal line between epicondyle of humerus Medial-Pronator teres Lateral-brochiradialis Floor-brachialis and supinator Roof-bicipital aponeurosis fascia

Question 53

Contents of cubital fossa

Answer 53

Bicipital tendon Median nerve Brachial artery (bifurcates into radial and ulnar artery) Superficialis veins Clinical revel ace is venepuncture intravenous access