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Year 2 Revision > Limbs Upper > Flashcards

Limbs Upper Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q

capitulum and trochlea

A

capitulum anterior more lateral

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2
Q

joints of pectoral girdle

A

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
glenohumeral joint
scapulothoracic joint

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3
Q

sternoclavicular joint ligaments

A

sternoclavicular

costoclavicular

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4
Q

acromioclavicular joint ligaments

A

acromioclavicular
coracoclavicular= conoid trapezoid
coracoacromial

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5
Q

how is acromioclavicular joint commonly injured

A

falls onto outstretched hand
acromioclavicular = minor
coracoclavicular = major

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6
Q

subacromial bursa

A

fibrous capsule extends above the humeral head

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7
Q

what tendon goes through the glenohumeral joint

A

long head of biceps

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8
Q

important ligaments in the capsule of glenohumeral

A

2 glenohumeral ligaments
coracohumeral
transverse humeral

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9
Q

inflmmation of glenohumeral ==

A

frozen shoulder

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10
Q

what tendon can get trapped in glenohumeral

A

supraspinatus

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11
Q

2 functions of rotator cuff

A

hold humerus in glenoid cavity

depress humeral head to minimise risk of dislocation

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12
Q

anterior dislocation of humerus…

A

tearing of glenoid labrum

compression of axillary nerve

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13
Q

Pec major**

A

sternum, MEDIAL third clavicle, rectus abdominis, COSTAL CARTILAGES 108-> LATERAL lip of intertubercular groove
Lateral and MEDIAL pectoral nerve (c567)
adduction and medial rotation and FLEXION all at GLENOHUMERAL

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14
Q

pec minor*

A

RIBS 3-5 costochondral joints to coracoid process
PROTRACTION AT SCAPULOTHORACIC
medial pectoral nerve c8t1

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15
Q

serratus anterior **

A 
ribs 1-8
MEDIAL BORDER OF SCAPULA
PROTRACTION AT SCAPULOTHORACIC
ELEVATE GLENOID FOSSA
long thoracic nerve 5,6,7
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16
Q

trapezius **

A 
shrug shoulders
ELEVATION ROTATION RETRACTION DEPRESSION
spinal accessory
LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE AND THORACIC SPINE 
acromion, POST THIRD clavicle, spine of scapula
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17
Q

lat dorsi**

A 
thoracolumbar fascia 
iliac crest
intertubercular groove = FLOOR
thoracodorsal nerve  
ADDUCTION
MEDIAL ROTATION
EXTENSION ***relate to pec major
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18
Q

deltoid **

A

spine of scapula, acromion, POSTERIOR THIRD clavicle to deltoid tuberosity
axillary nerve c56
abduction

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19
Q

teres major **

A

inferior angle of scapula -> MEDIAL LIP INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE
MEDIAL ROTATION, ADDUCTION
INFERIOR SUBSCAPULAR

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20
Q

supraspinatus *

infraspinatus

A

fossae -> greater tubercle
SUPRA = ABDUCTION
INFRA = LATERAL ROTATION
suprascapular nerve

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21
Q

teres minor *

A

lateral inferior border of scapula -> greater tubercle
LATERAL ROTATION
AXILLARY

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22
Q

subscapularis *

A

fossa -> LESSER TUBERCLE
subscapular nerve
MEDIAL ROTATION

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23
Q

biceps brachi *

A

supraglenoid tubercle and coronoid process
radial tuberosity
musculocutaneous
flexion and supination

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24
Q

brachialis *

A

shaft of humerus -> ULNAR TUBEROSITY

FLEXION AT ELBOW

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25
coracobrachialis *
coronoid process -> shaft of humerus | FLEXION WEAK ADDUCTION
26
triceps *
infraglenoid tubercle shaft of humerus above groove and then below groove OLECRANON ULNA
27
when can serratus anterior be damaged
lymph node exploration during mastectomies
28
axilla boundaries
``` clavicle , first rib humerus pec major lat dorsi SUBSCAPULARIS TERES MAJOR rib cage SERRATUS ANTERIOR ```
29
contents of axilla
axillary artery vein lymphatics brachial plexus
30
what does musculocutaneous continue as
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
31
where does the ulnar nerve run
anterior compartment, piercies intermuscular septum distally in posterior compartment posterior to medial epicondyle
32
what does radial nerve divide into
superficial radial nerve | posterior interosseous
33
median nerve path
anterior compartment in upper arm | MEDIAL TO BRACHIAL ARTERY can be damaged in supracondylar fracture
34
where does axillary become brachial artery
inferior border of teres major
35
brachial artery where, branch, nutrient, divides
lateral to median nerve profunda brachii -> runs alongside radial nerve nutrient artery to humerus divides into radial and ulnar
36
profunda brachii supplies
posterior compartment arm
37
where does basilic vein joint brachial vein to form axillary
inf border of teres major
38
lymphatic drainage in the arm
cubital delto pectoral -> axillary (also breast drainage
39
axillary lymph nodes
``` pectoral apical central SUBSCAPULAR HUMERAL CHAPS ```
40
where do axillary lymph nodes drain into and what nerves can be injured
subclavian lymphatic trunk | LONG THORACIC and thoracodorsal
41
elbow joint
hinge trochlea + ulna capitulum + radius
42
proximal radioulnar joint
supination
43
elbow joint ligaments
radial collateral ulnar collateral annular ligament
44
borders of cubital fossa
line between medial epicondyles brachioradialis pronator teres
45
cubital fossa contents
``` median cubital vein median and lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm median nerve radial nerve brachial artery biceps tendon ```
46
distal radioulnar joint ligaments etc
palmar radio-ulnar ligament dorsal radio-ulnar ligament articular disc = triangular fibrocartilage
47
FCR
medial epicondyle of humerus to base of SECOND AND THIRD metacarpal ABDUCTION OF WRIST flexion
48
FCU
medial epicondyle of humerus to pisiform + hamate ADDUCTION OF WRIST extension
49
FDS insertion
middle phalanx
50
FDP
ulna and interosseous membrane | DISTAL phalanges
51
supinator
lateral epicondyle of humerus | proximal 1/3 radius
52
brachioradialis
distal humerus lateral distal radius ELBOW FLEXION
53
ulnar artery
common interosseous -> anterior and posterior anastamose to form dorsal carpal arch into hand over flexor retinaculum
54
radial artery
floor of snuffbox | palmar arches
55
dorsal vs palmar venous arch
dorsal -> cephalic basilic | palmar -> venous comitantes
56
median nerve
damaged at supracondylar elbow fractures or dislocations enters below pronator teres palmar cutaneous branch CARPAL TUNNEl
57
ulnar nerve relations at the wrist
medial to FCU | lateral to ulnar artery
58
how does posterior interosseous get into extensor compartment
head of supinator
59
supracondylar fracture due to and problem
hyperextension of humerus tear/entrap/compress brachial artery COMPARTMENT SYNDROME compress median nerve
60
colles fracture
fall onto outstretched hand wrist pain, swelling distal radius just above the wrist
61
which bones articulate with the radius
scaphoid and lunate
62
hamate hook which side
palmar
63
what passes superficially to flexor retinaculum
palmaris longus | ulnar nerve is medial to ulnar artery
64
scaphoid fracture can lead to
avascular necrosis of the scaphoid
65
distal radio ulnar joint
pivot = pronation and supination
66
intercapal joints
gliding movement | between each row and then joining the rows = midcarpal joint
67
1st carpo metacarpal metacarpal
trapezium and metacarpal I saddle joint osteoarthrtic
68
intermetacarpal joints
deep transverse metacarpal ligaments
69
what are MCP joints reinforced by
palmar ligament | medial and lateral MCP collateral ligaments
70
Palmar fascia is..
flexor retinaculum --> palamar aponeurosis (deep) which is over the long flexor tendons in the common synovial sheaths --> fibrous digital sheaths --> annular and cruciate ligaments
71
osseofibrous tunnels
palamar aspects = fibrous digital sheaths and underlying bone inside = long flexor tendons + digital synovial sheaths
72
path of FD tendons
``` under flexor retinaculum common synovial sheath osseofibrous tunnel within digital synovial sheath FDS splits around FDP FDS middle FDP distal phalanx ```
73
dorsal tendons
extensor tendons under extensor retinaculum connected by intertendinous bands covered by synovial sheaths
74
extensor hoods are
tendons expand over proximal phalanges to form hoods interossie attach to these distal attachment of lumbricals = extensor hood
75
mallet finger
extensor tendon and finger tip is stretched/torn
76
trigger figger
inflammation of tendon/tenosynovium -> nodules so hard to move tendon
77
skier's thumb or gamekeepers thumb
UCL torn or stretched so instability of MCP | helps in grasping and pitching
78
snuffbox
Lateral = EPL Medial = EPB, APL scaphoid radial artery cephalic vein
79
anterior compartment of the hand
``` thenar = 3 FPB, ABpb, OP hypo thenar = 3 lumbricals palmar interossei (3/4) palmaris brevis adductor pollicis ```
80
what does (recurrent) median nerve innervate in the hand
``` LOAF lumbricals 3-4 opponens policis abductor policis brevis flexor policis brevis ```
81
lumbricals
sides of FDP lateral side of extensor hoods flexion at MCP extension at IPJ ulnar deep and median
82
dorsal interossei
sides of 2 metacarpals | sides of extensor hoods
83
palmar interossei
sides of metacarpals | extensor hoods
84
power grip
long forearm flexors intrinsic palm stabilised by extensors
85
precision grip
intrinsic hand (+ flexors and extensors)
86
hook grip
long flexors of digits
87
superficial and deep palmar arch
``` deep = radial superficial = ulnar ```
88
median nerve what branch before tunnel
palmar cutaneous branch
89
median nerve sensation
palmar skin | dorsal nail beds lateral 3 1/2 digits
90
ulnar nerve relations at the wrist
FCU nerve artery (medial to lateral)
91
Erb's palsy
``` C5/6 shoulder dystocia Axillary and MC pronated, medially rotated, elbox extended waiters tip ```
92
klumpke's
``` c8/T1 traction to abducted arm ulnar (and median) possible horners claw hand supinated forearm ```
93
when is musculuocutaneous injured + effect
``` surgery shoulder dislocation weight lifter compression weak elbow flexion and supination no biceps reflex lateral forearm sensory loss ```
94
when is axillary nerve damaged
dislocations of shoulder | humeral neck fractures
95
radial nerve damaged where and effects
axilla/humeral shaft fracture/below elbow in neck of radius fracture wrist drop bc cannot extend wrist, elbow fingers depends sensory loss to post forerarm and dorsum of hand
96
when is median nerve damaged and effect
``` supracondylar humeral fractures wrist laceration carpal tunel syndrome loss of sensation lateral 3.5 loss of wrist flexion elbow pronation benediction sign = cant flex 2/3 MCP ape hand ```
97
where is ulnar nerve damaged and effect
``` elbow fracturs funny bone wrist sensory loss in medial 1.5 ulnar claw = extended 4 5 MCP, flexed 4 5 at IPJ cants adduct, abduct claw worse on extension ```
98
why does damage to long thoracic cause winging of scapula
rhomboids are unpposed so scapula is pished back instead of moving forward anteriorly around ribs when protracted
99
shoulder abduction
c5
100
shoulder adduction
c6/7/8
101
elbox flextion
c5
102
elbox extension
c7
103
wrist flexion extension
c6/7
104
finger flexion
c8
105
finger extension
c7
106
finger abduction
t1
107
abductor pollicis brevis
t1
108
when do you see babinski's signs
UML
109
shoulder impingement
tendons of rotator cuff become inflamed as they pass under acromion leads to weakness, pain reduced movment
110
4 fracturs in arm and forearm
supracondylar = medial humeral mid shaft = radial medial epicondyle = ulnar surgical neck of humerus = axillary

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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