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Year 2 Revision > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous ligaments

A

sacrum and ischial…

prevent upward tilting

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2
Q

angle of anteversion

A

axis of femoral head andepicondyles of knee = 12 degrees

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3
Q

what is the acetabular labrum completed by

A

transverse acetabular ligament

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4
Q

ligaments of hip

A

ischiofemoral
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ligament of the femoral head

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5
Q

blood supply to femoral head

A

profunda femoris = lateral and medial circumflex

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6
Q

intracapsular fracture

A

femoral head/neck

risk of avascular necorsis due to damage of the circumflex arteries

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7
Q

extracapsular fracture

A

intertrochanteric line

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8
Q

obturator internus and piriformis insertion

A

medial greater trochanter

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9
Q

gluteus maximus

A

posterior ilium -> gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

inf gluteal nerve l5-s2

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10
Q

gluteus minimus and medius

A

posterior ilium -> greater trochanter
abduction
superior gluteal nerve L4-S1

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11
Q

iliopsoas

A

iliac fossa + transverse processes L1+L5 -> lesser trochanter
femoral + L1+L2

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12
Q

sartorius

A

ASIS to medial tibia inferior to tibial tuberosity

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13
Q

quads

A

recuts femoris AIIS -> femoris tendon

Vastus : medial, anterior, lateral femoral shaft - >tendon

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14
Q

Adductors

A

body of pubis and ischiopubic ramus (except obturator externus) -> femoral shaft
also do MEDIAL ROTATION

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15
Q

hamstrings

A

ischial tuberosity ->
fibula (biceps)
Semi m t (tibia)

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16
Q

Femoral nerve =

A

L2-4 posterior division

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17
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-4 anterior division

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18
Q

sciatic nerve =

A

L4-S3

tibial and common peronela

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19
Q

femoral nerve innervates

A

anterior compartment + pectineus in adductor

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20
Q

femoral nerve important sensory

A

saphenous nerve = anteromedial knee

medial leg and foot

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21
Q

what does the common peroneal nerve innervate

A

short head biceps femoris

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22
Q

trendelenburg test which side drops

A

lift foot up if THAT side drops then lesion on other side

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23
Q

what do the short external rotators of the hip do and where do they attach

A

lateral rotation of the hip -> greater trochanter

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24
Q

where does the iliotibial tract attach to

A

lateral condyle of the tibia

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25
where does the iliotibial tract attach to
lateral condyle of the tibia
26
femoral triangle
inguinal ligament sartorius adductor longus
27
femoral triangle
NAVEL | NERVE is outside sheath
28
femoral triangle
NAVEL lateral to medial | NERVE is outside sheath
29
adductor canal contents
femoral artery femoral vein saphenous nerve
30
where does the adductor canal finish and what is the significance of this
adductor hiatus of adductor magnus | femoral -> popliteal and vice versa vein and artery
31
adductor canal borders
sartorius = medially adductor longus and magnus = posteriorly vastus medialis =anterior
32
aorta -> common iliac what level
L4
33
where does common iliac bifurcate
pelvic brim
34
where does external iliac become femoral artery
under inguinal ligament
35
when does femoral become superifical femoral
after it gives off profunda femoris (4cm distal to inguinal ligament )
36
lymphatic drainage
superficial inguinal -> deep inguinal -> external iliac
37
true vs apparent leg length
supine ASIS same level true = medial mallelous and ipsilateral ASIS apparent = medal malleolus and xiphesternum
38
how does the leg become the foot
``` Plantar = tarsal tunnel posteromedial to ankle Dorsal = directly anterior to the ankle (ant tibial artery, peroneal nerves) ```
39
tarsal tunnel relationship to malleoli and contents
``` posterior to medial malleoli tibialis posteror digitorum longus artery (post tibial) vein nnerve hallucis longus ALL POST, COMPARTMENT things ```
40
what muscles start on the distal femur
gastrocnemius | plantaris
41
what inserts medial to the tibial tuberosity
sartorius gracilis semitendinosus
42
what inserts on the proximal fibula
biceps femoris
43
ACL/PCL attachments
lateral femoral intercondylar -> anterior tibial intercondylar medial -> posterior
44
other ligaments in the knee
fibular and tibial collateral
45
what is the medial meniscus attached to
tibial collateral ligament | joint capsule
46
bursae of the knee
suprapatellar prepatellar subpopliteal
47
popliteal fossa contents
M-> L AVN + nodes short saphenous vein -> popliteal vein
48
popliteal fossa boundaries
semimembranosus long head of biceps femoris plantaris + two heads of gastronecmius
49
ACL function
prevent anterior displacemnt of the tibia
50
what tendon is the sesamoid bone of the foot in
Flexor hallucis brevis
51
what is the ball of the foot
head of 1st metatarsal
52
ligaments of the ankle
Medial deltoid = tibiocalcaneal, tibionavicular, ant and post tibiotalar lateral = ant and post talofibular calcaneofibular
53
what is the most common ankle sprain
tear lateral ligaments through over inversion
54
subtalar joint
large poster. calcaneal facet + inf talus | gliding and rotation so inversion and eversion
55
proximal vs distal tibiodibular
synovial vs fibrous
56
post compartment leg innervation
tibial nerve
57
what forms achilles tendon
gastrocnemius soleus plantaris
58
what is tricpes surae
gastrocnemius and soleus
59
what unlocks the knee joint
popliteal
60
fibularis tertius
eversion
61
what are the arches of the foot
medial and lateral longitudinal arch | transverse arch
62
what are the branches of the popliteal artery
2 sural arteries = superficial posterior compartment post tibial = deep posterior ant tibial = anterior post tibial -> peroneal both tibials + peroneal -> dorsalis pedis
63
where is the saphenofemoral junction
inferior to inguinal ligament
64
what innervates foot muscles
tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar ) except EDB
65
what innervates ant compartments
deep common peroneal
66
what does tibial nerve divide into
medial and lateral plantar nerve
67
sural nerve
originates between 2 heads of gastrocnemius formed from tibial + common peroneal supplies skin on lower posterolateral leg + lateral foot/little toe
68
where is common peroneal at risk of damage
neck of fibula -> fibular fracture + knee joint dislocation
69
hip flexion
l2/3
70
hip extension
l45
71
knee extension
l3/4
72
knee flexion
l5s1
73
ankle dorsiflexion
l4/5
74
ankle plantarflexion
s1/2
75
femoral nerve sensory
anterior thigh and medial leg
76
posterior femoral cutaneous
posterior thigh
77
lateral femoral cutaneous
lateral thigh
78
obturator sensory
medial thigh
79
saphenous nerve from femoral
medial leg
80
sural nerve
calf region and lateral foot
81
superficial peroneal sensory
anterio lateral leg and dorsal foot
82
deep peroneal sensory
first toe web
83
tibial nerve sensory
sole of the foot
84
big toe dorsiflexion nerve roots
l5/s1
85
big toe plantar flexion nerve roots
s1/2
86
what type of neurone does afferent reflex
1a
87
effector muscles of calcaneal reflex
gstrocnmeius | soleus plantaris
88
where can common peroneal be damaged
fibular head | hip
89
what innervates extensor digitorum brevis
deep peroneal nerve
90
when can femoral nerve be damaged
iatrogenic - hip replacements, cannulations of femoral vessels, laparoscopic repair inguinal hernies
91
where can the saphenous nerve be damaged
venous cutdown at medial malleolus | ACL surgery
92
where does the capsule of the hip joint insert on the demur
intertroachenteric line
93
what do the sural arteries supply
gastocnemius soleus plantaris
94
what does anterior tibial do to enter foot
dorsum under extensor retinaculus dorsalis pedis
95
what does posterior tibial artery divide into
medial and lateral planter after tarsal tunnel behind medial malleolus
96
great saphenous vein relation to the knee
behind
97
great saphenous vein cut down
incision 2cm anterior and proixmal to medial malleolus = cannula to resuscitate patient
98
deep veins of the foot
dorsal venous arch -. anterior tibial plantar venous arch -> post tibial x 2 venae comitantes of peroneal artery -> post tibial
99
acute limb ischaemia
``` suddent occlusion of blood supply = thrombosis/embolism pain pallor pulseless paraesthesia paralysis perishly cold ```
100
intermittent claudication
gradual occlusion noticeable during exercise | distal muscles deprives of oxygen
101
compaartment syndrome
25 -> 50/60 | needs emergency fasciotomy
102
varicose veins
dilated and tortuous superficial veins
103
inc pressure in varicose veins can cause
venous ulcers | lipodermatosclerosis
104
what is more dangerous proximal or distal dvt
proximal bc pe

Year 2 Revision (22 decks)

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