Limitations

Question 1

GLF with higher wing loading

Answer 1

GLF increases

Question 2

ULL of a jet transport a/c

Answer 2

3.75

Question 3

CS 25- LF limit for a normal transport a/c

Answer 3

2.5g to -1.0g

Question 4

CS 23 - LF limit for a utility a/c

Answer 4

4.4g - 1.75g

E.g heavy transport a/c

Question 5

CS 23 - LF limit of a aerobatic a/c

Answer 5

6g to -3G - not economical

Question 6

Graph for LF against IAS

Answer 6

V-N diagram

Question 7

What happens to GLF with an increase in wing loading

Answer 7

GLF increases

Question 8

What happens if you pass the curve lines on the v-n diagram

Answer 8

You will stall

Question 9

What happens if you pass the NLL

Answer 9

You will overstress the a/c

Question 10

What happens if you pass the ULL

Answer 10

You will cause structural failure

Question 11

Relationship between VA and ULL

Answer 11

ULL will always be 22% higher than VA speed

Question 12

Formulas for working out VA

Answer 12

Va= Vs1g x square root of the LF

Va = Vaold x square root of Wnew/Wold

% change in va = 50% change in weight

Question 13

What happens to va with altitude

Answer 13

Va is higher at altitude

Question 14

Vb vertical gust requirement

Answer 14

20,000 - 66ft/s

50,000 - 38ft/s - linear decrease

However this speed is too slow to fly at

Question 15

Vc and vd gust requirement

Answer 15

Vc - 55ft/s

Vd - 25ft/s

Question 16

Formula for working out change in LF with a gust

Answer 16

Use the usual LF formula but add the additional CL created to the lift part of the formula

Question 17

Change in LF at high altitude

Answer 17

Due TAS increasing at altitude, the change in AoA is reduced due to the bigger speed vector

Question 18

To work out LF at the stall speed

Answer 18

Square of the stall speed e.g 1.3vs=30%faster than vs

So LF = (1.3)2 = 1.69

Question 19

Effect of aspect ratio on the change in LF with a gust

Answer 19

Increases LF change with an increase in aspect ratio

Question 20

Effect on mass on the GLF

Answer 20

Lighter the a/c is the bigger the effect of the gust

Question 21

The effect on wing loading on the GLF

Answer 21

The harder the wing has to work, the effect of the gust is decreased

Question 22

The effect of wing area n GLF

Answer 22

Increasing the wing area, increases the GLF

Question 23

The effect of GLF on increasing IAS

Answer 23

GLF will increase

Question 24

Effect on increasing altitude on GLF

Answer 24

GLF will decrease

Question 25

1.3g altitude

Answer 25

Height at which a 0.3g change in LF will not cause a buffet

Question 26

Effect of wing loading on the change of lift in a gust

Answer 26

High wing loading = small change | Low wing loading = big change

Question 27

Relationship between CL to AoA curve on the change in CL with a gust

Answer 27

``` Steep curve = big increase in CL Shallow curve (swept wing) = lower change in CL ```

Question 28

What should be taken into account during the determination of VA

Answer 28

Limit load factor

Question 29

What does VMCA depend on

Answer 29

Airport density altitude, location of engines on the a/c

Question 30

What happens to the GLF when the wing area decreases

Answer 30

GLF decreases

Question 31

What happens to GLF when the EAS decreases

Answer 31

GLF decreases