Linguistics

Question 1

Linguistic Competence

Answer 1

A speaker’s subconscious. Intuitive knowledge of the rules of their language.

Question 2

Linguistic Performance

Answer 2

An individual’s use of a language. What a speaker actually says. This includes hesitations, false starts, and errors.

Question 3

Performance Error

Answer 3

A significant distinction is generally made between errors (systematic deviations) and mistakes (speech performance errors). “Misspeaking”

Question 4

Speech Communication Chain

Answer 4

The connection/connections between a talker and a listener via an auditory, a visual and/or an electric channel.

Question 5

Speech Communication Chain Steps

Answer 5

The stages in speech communication where a message moves between the mind of the speaker and the mind of the listener. The information which is communicated linguistically to achieve some goal. It is encoded by the speaker into a sequence, which generate sound. That sound is communicated to the listener. Who is processing a neural signal that is interpreted to extract the meaning of what the speaker said.

Question 6

Noise

Answer 6

A series or combination of sounds, especially when causing disturbance.

Question 7

Lexicon

Answer 7

The vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.

Question 8

Mental Grammar

Answer 8

The generative grammar stored in the brain, that allows a speaker to produce language that listeners can understand.

Question 9

Language Variation

Answer 9

Refers to regional, social, or contextual differences in the ways that a particular language is used.

Question 10

Descriptive Grammar

Answer 10

How you DO speak.

Question 11

Evidence that writing and language are not the same

Answer 11

Levels of structure
Standardization
Change
Acquisition

Question 12

Prescriptive Grammar

Answer 12

How you OUGHT to speak.

Question 13

Prescribe

Answer 13

The attempt to establish rules defining preferred or “correct” use of language.

Question 14

Charles Hockett’s nine design features

Answer 14

Means of transmitting a message
Semanticity
Pragmatic Function
Interchangeability
Cultural transmission
Arbitrariness
Discreteness 
Displacement
Productivity

Question 15

Charles Hockett’s nine design features

Answer 15

Means of transmitting a message
Semanticity
Pragmatic Function
Interchangeability
Cultural transmission
Arbitrariness
Discreteness 
Displacement
Productivity

Question 16

mode of communication

Answer 16

There are three modes of communication interpersonal, interpretive, and presentation. The way communication is expressed.

Question 17

Semanticity

Answer 17

Able to convey meanings

Question 18

Pragmatic Function

Answer 18

Is the meaning a speaker wishes to convey to the person they are speaking to.

Question 19

Interchangeability

Answer 19

Refers to the idea that humans can give and receive identical linguistic signals.

Question 20

cultural Transmission

Answer 20

Is the process through which elements, in the form of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behavioral scripts, are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups.

Question 21

Arbitrariness

Answer 21

The absence of any natural or necessary connection between a word’s meaning and its sound or form.

Question 22

Linguistic sign

Answer 22

Consisting of a signifiers, made up of speech sounds.

Question 23

Convention

Answer 23

A principle or norm that has been adopted by a person or linguistic community about how to use a specific term.

Question 24

Non-Arbitrariness

Answer 24

Set down as a rule or guide.

Question 25

Iconic

Answer 25

The conceived similarity or analogy between the form of a sign.

Question 26

Onomatopoeia

Answer 26

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named.

Question 27

Conventionalized

Answer 27

Represent in a traditional or conventional way.

Question 28

Sound Symbolism

Answer 28

The partial representation of the sense of a word by its sound.

Question 29

Discreteness

Answer 29

can be broken down into small, discrete units that can then recombine with other small, discrete units to create representation.

Question 30

Displacement

Answer 30

Distinguish human language from animal language.

Question 31

Productivity

Answer 31

The degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process.

Question 32

Modality

Answer 32

That allows for expressing a speaker's general intentions.

Question 33

Myths about signed languages

Answer 33

There is only one sign language. Sign language is not a real language. All deaf people sign. Signing hinder learning speech.

Question 34

Differences between codes and languages

Answer 34

Code is getting specific inputs or outputs. Language is a social activity. Codes have rules, while language does not. Codes is schematic.