Sound System

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

The abstract categories that organize the sound system of a language.

Question 2

Spectrogram

Answer 2

A graphic representation of the frequency distribution of the complex jumble of sound waves that give the hearing impression of speech sounds.

Question 3

Phone

Answer 3

A physical realization of a speech sound like the voiceless of the voice alveolar approximate.

Question 4

Narrow Transcription

Answer 4

Captures as many aspects of a specific pronunciation as possible and ignores as few details as possible.

Question 5

Distribution

Answer 5

The different positions in which a speech sound can or cannot occur in words of a lanuage.

Question 6

Complimentary Distribution

Answer 6

Two sounds which are distributed in such a way that one can only occur where the other cannot.

Question 7

Minimal Pairs

Answer 7

Is a pair of words which differ in only one sound, but differ in meaning.

Question 8

Phoneme

Answer 8

Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another.

Question 9

Free Variation

Answer 9

Speakers can choose which allophone they use.

Question 10

Neutralization

Answer 10

Refers to the fact that in a particular context, a contrast between phonemes become invisible.

Question 11

Final Devoicing

Answer 11

A systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as German, Dutch, Polish, and Russian, among others.

Question 12

Velarised

Answer 12

Pronounce (a speech sound) with the back of the tongue near the soft palate.

Question 13

T/D Flapping

Answer 13

Stressed and an unstressed vowel.

Question 14

Rhotic

Answer 14

Varieties of English are those in which r-sounds can occur in word-final position.

Question 15

Non-Rhotic

Answer 15

Not pronouncing the written letter “r” unless it is followed by a vowel.

Question 16

Constiuents

Answer 16

All elements of linguistic structure, the elements that make up a syllable.

Question 17

Vowel Epenthesis

Answer 17

The insertion of an extra sound into a word.

Question 18

Syllabification

Answer 18

The division of words into syllables, either in speech or in writing.

Question 19

Maximal Onset Principle

Answer 19

States that intervocalic consonants are maximally assigned to the onsets of syllables in conformity with universal and language-specific condition.

Question 20

Sonority

Answer 20

The relative loudness of a speech sound.

Question 21

Sonority Sequencing Principle

Answer 21

That aims to outline the structure of a syllable in terms of sonority.

Question 22

Allophone

Answer 22

Any of the speech sounds that represent a single phoneme.

Question 23

Phonological Analysis

Answer 23

Involves describing the rules governing pronunciation in a language. This includes finding the phonemes and distinguishing between phonemes and allophones.

Question 24

Cognate

Answer 24

Words that have a common origin (source). They may happen in a language or in a group of languages.

Question 25

Syllabic Consonants

Answer 25

Forms a syllable on its own, like the m, n and l in the English words rhythm.