Linkers (preposition vs conjunction) Flashcards

Determine the part of speech of the word given and come up with an example of using it in a sentence

1
Q

In spite of

A

Preposition.

In spite of the traffic we were able to come on time.

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2
Q

Although

A

Conjunction. Introduces the clause.

Although the traffic was terrible, we were able to come on time.

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3
Q

(even) Though

A

Conjunction. Can be used after the clause.
We were able to come on time. The traffic was terrible, though./Though the traffic was terrible, we were able to come on time.

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4
Q

While/whilst/whereas

A

Conjunction. Used to contrast clauses.

While nowadays English is obviously the most popular language internationally, the history knew other lingua francas.

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5
Q

Despite

A

Preposition.

Despite having spent almost 10 years studying English, I still make spelling mistakes.

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6
Q

However (1)

A

Conjunction, =but

I`ve spent almost 10 years studying English. However, I still make spelling mistakes.

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7
Q

However (2)

A

Conjunction, =no matter how

However hard I`ve tried, I still make spelling mistakes.

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8
Q

In case

A

Conjunction. =less likely than if
Let me write it down, in case I (should) forget.
CONDITIONAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!

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9
Q

As if

A

Conjunction. Hypothetical condition.

He presented the news so proudly, as if it was true. (but it wasn`t)

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10
Q

Like

A

Preposition. Comparison.

This flat is huge like a castle. (but the flat is not a castle)

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11
Q

As

A

Preposition.

She works as a waitress in a bar. (she is a waitress)

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12
Q

While

A

Conjunction. Temporal clauses, always Cont tenses.

While we were driving, it was snowing all the time.

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13
Q

During

A

Preposition.

During his visit to London he was planning to meet old friends.

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14
Q

Because/since/for/as

A

Conjunction. Reasoning.

I didnt want to do anything that day because/since/for/as I hadnt slept enough.

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15
Q

Because of

A

Preposition.

I didn`t want to do anything that day because of not having slept enough.

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16
Q

Since

A

Can be both preposition and conjunction. Time.

Since childhood Ive been able to play the guitar./Since I was a child Ive been able to play the guitar.

17
Q

Unless

A

Conjunction. =if not
Unless you do your homework regularly, you can`t succeed.
CONDITIONAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!

18
Q

Until

A

Conjunction. Temporal clause.
I`ll be working on this deck until I mention every difficult linker.
TEMPORAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!

19
Q

Till

A

Can be both preposition and conjunction. Time.
Youll have to wait till tomorrow./Youll have to wait till I`m done.
TEMPORAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!

20
Q

Before

A

Can be both preposition and conjunction. Time.
Before teaching I used to do business./Before I started teaching I used to do business.
TEMPORAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!

21
Q

If (1)

A

Conjunction. Conditional clauses.
If I were you, I`d be more careful.
CONDITIONAL clause, so NO FUTURE forms!!!

22
Q

If (2)

A

Conjunction. Relative clause.

I have no idea if he will show up tonight.

23
Q

Whether

A

Conjunction. Relative clause. Unlike if, can be used after prepositions.
You have different chances of getting hired depending ON WHETHER you live in a city of in a countryside.

24
Q

That

A

Conjunction. Relative clause. Can be excluded from the clause.
I am absolutely sure (that) he will show up.

25
Q

What

A

Conjunction. Relative clause. Cannot be excluded from the clause (coz is either subject ot object)
I have no idea what you were thinking about./I have no idea what came to your mind.

26
Q

Without

A

Preposition.

I won`t come without her.

27
Q

Due to

A

Preposition. Reasoning.

Due to being tired I wasn`t very successful with my homework.

28
Q

Therefore

A

Conjunction. Reasoning. (=so)

I was tired, therefore wasn`t very successful with my homework.

29
Q

Besides

A

Can be both preposition and conjunction. Adding.
Besides being able to play the guitar pretty well, he also was very sporty./He could play the guitar pretty well, Besides, he was very sporty.

30
Q

Beside

A

Preposition. Space. (=next to)

They were sitting beside me in the bus.

31
Q

Except for

A

Preposition. Excluding.

I liked everythhing except for the cake. (The cake I didn`t like)

32
Q

Except

A

Can be both preposition and conjunction. Excluding.

They work every day except Sunday./I didn`t tell him anything except that I needed money.

33
Q

In order to

A

Adverb. Verb follows. Purpose.

I wake up early in order to be on time for work./in order not to be late for work.

34
Q

So that

A

Conjunction. Purpose.

I wake up early so that I`m not late for work.