Linux Shell Commands - Command Summary Flashcards
(383 cards)
1
Q
a2p
A
Creates a Perl script from an awk script.
2
Q
ac
A
Prints statistics about user connection time.
3
Q
access
A
A system function which checks real user’s permissions to access a file.
4
Q
addgroup
A
Adds a new group to the system.
5
Q
adduser
A
Adds a new user to the system.
6
Q
agrep
A
Version of the grep utility which also matches approximate patterns.
7
Q
alias
A
Creates another name for a command or command string.
8
Q
apropos
A
Searches the manual pages for a keyword or regular expression.
9
Q
apt-cache
A
Queries the APT software package cache.
10
Q
apt-get
A
Command line tool for working with APT software packages.
11
Q
aptitude
A
Text-based front-end for the APT package management system.
12
Q
ar
A
Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives.
13
Q
arch
A
Displays the architecture of the current host.
14
Q
arp
A
Manipulate the system ARP cache.
15
Q
as
A
An assembler.
16
Q
aspell
A
Interactive spell checker.
17
Q
at
A
Command scheduler.
18
Q
awk
A
Awk script processing program.
19
Q
basename
A
Deletes any specified prefix from a string.
20
Q
bash
A
Command Bourne interpreter
21
Q
bc
A
Calculator.
22
Q
bdiff
A
Compare large files.
23
Q
bfs
A
Editor for large files.
24
Q
bg
A
Continues a program running in the background.
25
biff
Enable and disable incoming mail notifications.
26
break
Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.
27
bs
Battleship game.
28
bye
Alias often used for the exit command.
29
cal
Calendar.
30
calendar
Display appointments and reminders.
31
cancel
Cancels a print job.
32
cat
View or modify a file.
33
cc
C compiler.
34
cd
Change directory.
35
cfdisk
A more user-friendly version of the fdisk disk partitioning utility.
36
chdir
Change directory.
37
checkeq
Language processors to assist in describing equations.
38
checknr
Check nroff and troff files for any errors.
39
chfn
Modify your own information or if superuser or root modify another users information.
40
chgrp
Change a groups access to a file or directory.
41
chkey
Change the secure RPC key pair.
42
chmod
Change the permission of a file.
43
chown
Change the ownership of a file.
44
chroot
Run a command or shell from another directory, and treats that directory as root.
45
chsh
Change login shell.
46
cksum
Display and calculate a CRC for files.
47
clear
Clears screen.
48
cmp
Compare files.
49
col
Reverse line-feeds filter.
50
comm
Compare files and select or reject lines that are common.
51
compress
Compress files on a computer.
52
continue
Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.
53
cp
Copy files.
54
cpio
Creates archived CPIO files.
55
crontab
Create and list files that you want to run on a regular schedule.
56
crypt
Function used to encrypt passwords.
57
csh
Execute the C shell command interpreter
58
csplit
Split files based on context.
59
ctags
Create a tag file for use with ex and vi.
60
cu
Calls or connects to another Unix system, terminal or non-Unix system.
61
curl
Transfer a URL.
62
cut
Cut out selected fields of each line of a file.
63
date
Tells you the date and time in Unix.
64
dc
An arbitrary precision arithmetic package.
65
dd
Convert and copy a file.
66
delgroup
Remove a group from the system.
67
deluser
Remove a user from the system.
68
depmod
Generates a list of kernel module dependences, modules.dep, and associated map files.
69
deroff
Removes nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs.
70
df
Display the available disk space for each mount.
71
dhclient
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client.
72
diff
Displays two files and prints the lines that are different.
73
dig
DNS lookup utility.
74
dircmp
Lists the different files when comparing directories.
75
dirname
Deliver portions of path names.
76
dmesg
Print or control the kernel ring buffer.
77
dos2unix
Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
78
dpkg
Queries, installs, removes, and maintains Debian software packages and their dependencies.
79
dpost
Translates files created by troff into PostScript.
80
du
Tells you how much space a file occupies.
81
echo
Displays text after echo to the terminal.
82
ed
Line oriented file editor.
83
edit
Text editor.
84
egrep
Search a file for a pattern using full regular expressions.
85
eject
Ejects removable media.
86
elm
Program command used to send and receive e-mail.
87
emacs
Text editor.
88
enable
Enables and disables LP printers.
89
env
Displays environment variables.
90
eqn
Language processors to assist in describing equations.
91
ex
Line-editor mode of the vi text editor.
92
exit
Exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
93
expand
Expand copies of files.
94
expr
Evaluate arguments as an expression.
95
fc
Lists, edits, or re-executes commands previously entered.
96
fdisk
A disk partioning utility.
97
fg
Continues a stopped job by running it in the foreground
98
fgrep
Search a file for a fixed-character string.
99
file
Tells you if the object you are looking at is a file or a directory.
100
find
Finds files within a directory hierarchy.
101
findsmb
List info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet.
102
finger
Lists information about the user.
103
fmt
Simple text formatters.
104
fold
Filter for folding lines.
105
for
Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
106
foreach
Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
107
free
Display amount of free and used memory in the system
108
fsck
Check and repair a Linux file system.
109
ftp
Enables ftp access to another terminal.
110
fuser
Identify processes using files or sockets.
111
gawk
Powerful pattern-matching and processing language.
112
getfacl
Display discretionary file information.
113
gethostname
System call to get the hostname of the current processor.
114
gpasswd
Administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow.
115
gprof
The gprof utility produces an execution profile of a program.
116
grep
Finds text within a file.
117
groupadd
Creates a new group account.
118
groupdel
Enables a superuser or root to remove a group.
119
groupmod
Enables a superuser or root to modify a group.
120
gunzip
Expand compressed files.
121
gview
A programmer's text editor.
122
gvim
A programmer's text editor.
123
gzip
Compress files.
124
halt
Stop the computer.
125
hash
Remove internal hash tables.
126
hashstat
Evaluates the effectiveness of internal hash tables.
127
head
Displays the first ten lines of a file, unless otherwise stated.
128
help
Displays help for built-in shell commands.
129
history
Display the command history.
130
host
DNS lookup utility.
131
hostid
Prints the numeric identifier for the current host.
132
hostname
Set or print name of current host system.
133
id
Shows you the numeric user and group ID on BSD.
134
ifconfig
Sets up network interfaces.
135
ifdown
Take a network interface down.
136
ifup
Bring a network interface up.
137
info
Read Info documents.
138
init
Process control initialization.
139
iostat
Reports Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
140
ip
Show and manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.
141
isalist
Display the native instruction sets executable on this platform.
142
iwconfig
Configure a wireless network interface.
143
jobs
List the jobs currently running in the background.
144
join
Joins command forms together.
145
keylogin
Decrypt the user's secret key.
146
kill
Cancels a job.
147
killall
Kills processes by name.
148
ksh
Korn shell command interpreter.
149
last
Displays a listing of the most recently logged-in users.
150
ld
Link-editor for object files.
151
ldd
List dynamic dependencies of executable files or shared objects.
152
less
Opposite of the more command.
153
lex
Generate programs for lexical tasks.
154
link
Calls the link function to create a link to a file.
155
ln
Creates a link to a file.
156
lo
Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
157
locate
List files in databases that match a pattern.
158
login
Signs into a new system.
159
logname
Returns users login name.
160
logout
Logs out of a system.
161
losetup
Sets up and controls loop devices.
162
lp
Prints a file on System V systems.
163
lpadmin
Configure the LP print service.
164
lpc
Line printer control program.
165
lpq
Lists the status of all the available printers.
166
lpr
Submits print requests.
167
lprm
Removes print requests from the print queue.
168
lpstat
Lists status of the LP print services.
169
ls
Lists the contents of a directory.
170
lsof
Lists open files.
171
lzcat
View compressed .lzma files.
172
lzma
Compress files to .lzma file.
173
mach
Display the processor of the current host.
174
mail
One of the ways that allows you to read/send E-Mail.
175
mailcompat
Provide SunOS 4.x compatibility for the Solaris mailbox format.
176
mailx
Mail interactive message processing system.
177
make
Executes a list of shell commands associated with each target.
178
man
Display the documentation (manual page) of a given command.
179
merge
Performs a merge of the contents of three files.
180
mesg
Control if non-root users can send text messages to you.
181
mii-tool
View, manipulate media-independent interface status.
182
mkdir
Create a directory.
183
mkfs
Build a Linux file system, usually a hard disk partition.
184
mkswap
Sets up a Linux swap area.
185
modprobe
Adds and removes modules from the linux kernel.
186
more
Displays text one screen at a time.
187
mount
Creates a file systems and remote resources.
188
mt
Magnetic tape control.
189
mv
Renames a file or moves it from one directory to another directory.
190
myisamchk
Checks, repairs, optimises, or fetches information about a MySQL database.
191
mysql
An open-source relational database management system.
192
mysqldump
A tool for backing up or transferring mysql databases.
193
nc
TCP/IP swiss army knife.
194
neqn
Language processors to assist in describing equations.
195
netstat
Shows network status.
196
newalias
Install new elm aliases for user or system.
197
newform
Change the format of a text file.
198
newgrp
Log into a new group.
199
nice
Invokes a command with an altered scheduling priority.
200
niscat
Display NIS+ tables and objects.
201
nischmod
Change access rights on a NIS+ object.
202
nischown
Change the owner of a NIS+ object on a system running Solaris.
203
nischttl
Change the time to live value of a NIS+ object.
204
nisdefaults
Display NIS+ default values.
205
nisgrep
Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.
206
nismatch
Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.
207
nispasswd
Change NIS+ password information.
208
nistbladm
NIS+ table administration command.
209
nl
Numbers the lines in a file.
210
nmap
Network exploration tool and security port scanner.
211
nohup
Runs a command even if the session is disconnected or the user logs out.
212
nroff
Formats documents for display or line-printer.
213
nslookup
Queries a name server for a host or domain lookup.
214
od
Dump files in octal and other formats.
215
on
Execute a command on a remote system, but with the local environment.
216
onintr
Shell built-in functions to respond to (hardware) signals.
217
optisa
Determine which variant instruction set is optimal to use.
218
pack
Shrinks file into a compressed file.
219
pagesize
Display the size of a page of memory in bytes, as returned by getpagesize.
220
parted
A disk partition manipulation program.
221
partprobe
Informs the operating system about changes to the partition table.
222
passwd
Allows you to change your password.
223
paste
Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files.
224
pax
Read/write and writes lists of the members of archive files and copy directory hierarchies.
225
pcat
Compresses file.
226
perl
Perl is a programming language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files.
227
pg
Files perusal filters for CRTs.
228
pgrep
Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes
229
pico
Simple and very easy to use text editor in the style of the Pine Composer.
230
pine
Command line program for Internet News and Email.
231
ping
Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
232
pkill
Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes
233
poweroff
Stop the computer.
234
pr
Formats a file to make it look better when printed.
235
priocntrl
Displays or sets scheduling parameters of processes.
236
printenv
Prints all or part of environment.
237
printf
Write formatted output.
238
ps
Reports the process status.
239
pstree
Displays processes in tree format.
240
pvs
Display the internal version information of dynamic objects within an ELF file.
241
pwd
Print the current working directory.
242
quit
Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
243
rcp
Copies files from one computer to another computer.
244
readlink
Prints the value of a symbolic link or canonical file name.
245
reboot
Stop the computer.
246
red
The "restricted" version of a line-oriented file editor.
247
rehash
Recomputes the internal hash table of the contents of directories listed in the path.
248
rename
Renames multiple files using a regular expression.
249
renice
Alters the priority of running processes.
250
repeat
Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
251
replace
A string-replacement utility.
252
rgview
A programmer's text editor.
253
rgvim
A programmers text editor.
254
rlogin
Establish a remote connection from your terminal to a remote machine.
255
rm
Deletes a file without confirmation (by default).
256
rmdir
Deletes a directory.
257
rn
Reads newsgroups.
258
route
Show and manipulate the IP routing table.
259
rpcinfo
Report RPC information.
260
rsh
Runs a command on another computer.
261
rsync
Faster, flexible replacement for rcp.
262
rview
A programmers text editor.
263
rvim
A programmers text editor.
264
s2p
Convert a sed script into a Perl script.
265
sag
Graphically displays the system activity data stored in a binary data file by a previous sar run.
266
sar
Displays the activity for the CPU.
267
scp
Transfers files securely over a network connection.
268
screen
Screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation.
269
script
Records everything printed on your screen.
270
sdiff
Compares two files, side-by-side.
271
sed
Allows you to use pre-recorded commands to make changes to text.
272
sendmail
Sends mail over the Internet.
273
service
Runs a System V init script.
274
set
Set the value of an environment variable.
275
setenv
Set the value of an environment variable.
276
setfacl
Modify the Access Control List (ACL) for a file or files.
277
sethostname
System calls or set the hostname of the current processor.
278
sfdisk
A low-level disk partitioning program.
279
sftp
Secure file transfer program.
280
sh
Runs or processes jobs through the Bourne shell.
281
shred
Delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents.
282
shutdown
Turn off the computer immediately or at a specified time.
283
sleep
Waits a x amount of seconds.
284
slogin
OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).
285
smbclient
An ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.
286
sort
Sorts the lines in a text file.
287
spell
Looks through a text file and reports any words that it finds in the text file that are not in the dictionary.
288
split
Split a file into pieces.
289
startx
Starts an X Window System session.
290
stat
Display file or filesystem status.
291
stop
Control process execution.
292
strftime
Formats strings that represent the system date and time.
293
strip
Discard symbols from object files.
294
stty
Sets options for your terminal.
295
su
Become superuser or another user.
296
sudo
Executes any command as the superuser.
297
swapoff
Disables a Linux swap area.
298
swapon
Enables a Linux swap area.
299
sysinfo
Get and set system information strings.
300
sysklogd
Linux system logging utilities.
301
tabs
Set tabs on a terminal.
302
tail
Delivers the last part of the file.
303
talk
Talk with other logged in users.
304
tac
Concatenate and print files in reverse.
305
tar
Create tape archives and add or extract files.
306
tbl
Preprocessor for formatting tables for nroff or troff.
307
tcopy
Copy a magnetic tape.
308
tcpdump
Dump traffic on a network.
309
tcsh
A command-line shell similar to csh, with some additional features.
310
tee
Read from an input and write to a standard output or file.
311
telinit
Process control initialization.
312
telnet
Uses the telnet protocol to connect to another remote computer.
313
test
Check file types and compare values.
314
time
Used to time a simple command.
315
timex
The timex command times a command; reports process data and system activity.
316
todos
Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
317
top
Display Linux tasks.
318
touch
Change file access and modification time.
319
tput
Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database.
320
tr
Translate characters.
321
traceroute
Print the route packets take to network host.
322
trap
A function which "traps" signals and interrupts, and reacts to them.
323
tree
List the contents of a file hierarchy visually in a tree format.
324
troff
Typeset or format documents.
325
tty
Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
326
ul
Reads the named filenames or terminal and does underlining.
327
umask
Get or set the file mode creation mask.
328
unalias
Remove an alias.
329
unhash
Remove internal hash table.
330
uname
Print name of current system.
331
uncompress
Uncompressed compressed files.
332
uniq
Report or filter out repeated lines in a file.
333
unlink
Call the unlink function to remove the specified file.
334
unlzma
Decompress .lzma file.
335
unmount
Disconnects a file systems and remote resources.
336
unpack
Expands a compressed file.
337
until
Execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.
338
unxz
Decompress .xz files.
339
unzip
List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive.
340
uptime
Display information about how long the system has been running.
341
useradd
Create a new user or updates default new user information.
342
userdel
Remove a users account.
343
usermod
Modify a users account.
344
vacation
Reply to mail automatically.
345
vgrind
"Grind" nice program listings
346
vi
Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.
347
vim
A programmer's text editor.
348
view
A programmer's text editor.
349
vipw
A special command to safely edit password files.
350
visudo
A special command to safely edit the "sudoers" file.
351
vmstat
Reports statistics about virtual memory usage.
352
w
Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
353
wait
Await process completion.
354
wall
Send a message to everybody's terminal.
355
wc
Displays a count of lines, words, and characters in a file
356
wget
Downloads files via HTTP or FTP, such as web pages.
357
whatis
Displays short manual page descriptions.
358
whereis
Locate a binary, source, and manual page files for a command.
359
while
Repetitively execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.
360
which
Locate a command.
361
who
Displays who is on the system.
362
whoami
Print effective userid.
363
whois
Internet user name directory service.
364
write
Send a message to another user.
365
X
Execute the X Window System.
366
Xorg
The executable of the X Window System server.
367
xargs
Build and execute complex commands across multiple files.
368
xfd
Display all the characters in an X font.
369
xhost
Server access control program for X.
370
xinit
The initializer of the X Window System.
371
xlsfonts
Server font list displayer for X.
372
xset
User preference utility for X.
373
xterm
Terminal emulator for X.
374
xrdb
X server resource database utility.
375
xz
Compress files to .xz files.
376
xzcat
View compressed .xz files.
377
yacc
Short for yet another compiler-compiler, yacc is a compiler.
378
yes
Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.
379
yppasswd
Changes network password in the NIS database.
380
yum
Interactive rpm based package manager.
381
zcat
Compress files.
382
zip
Compression and file packaging utility.
383
zipinfo
Display technical information about a zip file.
