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Linux_Glossary_ Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the symbol ‘/’ refer to in file management?

A

It refers to the root of the file system and separates directories in a path listing.

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2
Q

What does the symbol ‘~’ refer to in file management?

A

It refers to a user’s home directory.

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3
Q

What does the symbol ‘#’ indicate in the command prompt?

A

It usually indicates the user is currently logged in as root.

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4
Q

What does the symbol ‘$’ indicate in the command prompt?

A

It usually indicates the user is currently logged in as an ordinary user.

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5
Q

What is an administrator in Linux?

A

Another word for either the root user or one who has adopted that user’s powers temporarily.

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6
Q

What is an applet in the context of Linux?

A

A small program that runs as part of a larger program and offers functions that complement the main program.

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7
Q

What does APT stand for and what is its purpose?

A

Advanced Packaging Tool. It is used for managing and installing software on Ubuntu and Debian Linux systems.

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8
Q

What is closed source software?

A

Software in which the source code is not available for others to see, share, or modify. Also known as proprietary.

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9
Q

What is a command in the context of Linux?

A

Input typed at the shell that performs a specific task, usually related to system administration or file manipulation.

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10
Q

What is the Linux community?

A

The general term for the millions of Linux users worldwide, regardless of their individual backgrounds.

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11
Q

What is copyleft?

A

The legal principle of protecting the right to share a creative work using a legally binding license, ensuring future iterations are similarly protected.

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12
Q

What is CUPS?

A

Common Unix Printing System. A set of programs that handle printing under Unix and Linux.

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13
Q

What is Debian?

A

A voluntary organization that produces distributions of Free Software operating systems, including Linux, known for its ethical approach and reliability.

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14
Q

What is a dependency in the context of Linux?

A

System files that a program requires in order to run. If not present, a program might refuse to install.

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15
Q

What is a directory in Linux?

A

Another word for what is commonly referred to as a folder.

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16
Q

What is a Linux distribution?

A

A collection of software making up the Linux operating system, designed to be easy to install, administer, and use.

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17
Q

What does ‘distro’ refer to in Linux?

A

Shorthand for distribution.

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18
Q

What is Firefox in the context of Linux?

A

A web browser program used under Ubuntu, produced by the Mozilla Foundation.

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19
Q

What does FLOSS stand for?

A

Free, Libre, and Open Source Software. It describes all software or technology adhering to open source and free software ethical guidelines.

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20
Q

What does FOSS stand for?

A

Free and Open Source Software. An alternative term for FLOSS.

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21
Q

What does ‘free’ indicate when describing software?

A

It indicates that the project abides by the ethical guidelines laid down by The GNU Project, not necessarily that the software is free in a monetary sense.

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22
Q

What is Free Software?

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A

Software in which the source code is available for all to see, share, study, and adapt, with modifications guaranteed by the GNU General Public License.

23
Q

What is Freeware?

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A

Software that is distributed at no cost to the end user, typically without providing the source code.

24
Q

What is GIMP?

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A

GNU Image Manipulation Program. A high-powered image-editing program that runs on multiple operating systems.

25
What is GNOME?
GNU Network Object Model Environment. A GUI-based desktop environment used by Ubuntu and other distributions.
26
What does GNU stand for?
GNU’s Not Unix.
27
What is GNU/Linux?
Another name for the Linux operating system, emphasizing the GNU software included in the distribution.
28
What is the GNU Project?
An organization created by Richard Stallman to further the aims of Free Software and create the GNU operating system.
29
What is the GNU General Public License?
A software license created by Richard Stallman to protect software source code against proprietary interests, ensuring it remains shareable.
30
What is a GUI?
Graphical User Interface. Software that provides a graphical system for displaying data and controlling the computer.
31
What is KDE?
K Desktop Environment. A GUI and set of programs used on various Linux distributions.
32
What is the kernel in Linux?
The essential set of programs that run the computer’s hardware and provide a platform for running software.
33
What does it mean to mount in Linux?
To add a file system so it is integrated and accessible within the main file system.
34
What is the Mozilla Foundation?
An organization founded by Netscape to create open-source Internet software, including web browsers and e-mail clients.
35
What is open source?
A method of developing software where the source code is available for all to see, often implying it can be shared and used by others.
36
What is a partition in Linux?
A subdivision of a hard disk into which a file system can be installed.
37
What does proprietary software mean?
Software for which a license must be acquired, usually for a fee, often with restricted access to the source code.
38
What is Red Hat?
A company that produces Linux distributions, acquired by IBM in 2019, now functioning as its independent subsidiary.
39
What is root in Linux?
The bottom of the file system directory structure, or the user with control over all aspects of hardware, software, and the file system.
40
What is RPM?
Red Hat Package Manager, used to install and administer programs under Red Hat, SUSE Linux, and other distributions.
41
What does RTFM stand for?
Read the freaking manual/man page, an exclamation used when someone asks for help without basic research.
42
What is a server in Linux?
A computer or software designed to share data with other computers or programs over a network.
43
What is a shell in Linux?
A program that creates an operating environment where users can control the system using commands entered at the keyboard.
44
What is source code?
The original program listing created by a programmer, which can be compiled into binary executables.
45
What is sudo?
A program that temporarily affords ordinary users administrator rights, used exclusively for system administration in Ubuntu.
46
What is swap in Linux?
An area of the hard disk used as temporary memory storage, usually requiring a separate partition.
47
Who is Linus Torvalds?
The Finnish programmer who created the initial versions of the Linux kernel in 1991 and oversees its development.
48
Who or what is Tux?
The penguin character that is the Linux mascot, originally drawn by Larry Ewing.
49
What is Ubuntu?
A Linux distribution designed primarily for desktop use, known for its strong language support and backed by the Ubuntu Foundation.
50
What is the Ubuntu Foundation?
An organization set up by Mark Shuttleworth and Canonical Ltd. to support the Ubuntu distribution of Linux.
51
What is Unix?
A seminal operating system created in 1969, which has since diversified into various versions, including open-source and proprietary renditions.
52
What is a user in Linux?
Anyone who accesses the operating system’s resources, typically with a user account providing private space on the system.
53
What is WINE?
Wine Is Not an Emulator. Software that allows Windows programs to run on Linux by recreating the Windows API layer.

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