Lipid Classification

Question 1

_____ have no double bonds (carbons have a maximal single bonds)

Answer 1

Saturated Fatty Acids

Question 2

____carbons have 1 or more double bonds (mono-or polyunsaturated)

Answer 2

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 3

In unsaturated fatty acids, the double bonds: (3 things)

Answer 3

1. are in the cis conformation (not trans)
2. cause fatty acid bends “kinks”
3. Are spaced at 3-C intervals

Question 4

What are the effects on melting temperature and fluidity?

Answer 4

a) introduction of double bonds REDUCES Tm and INCREASES fluidity
b) . increasing chain length INCREASES Tm, DECREASES fluidity
c) . Membrane phospholipids typically have LCFAs and thus contain double bonds to IMPROVE fluidity characteristics.

Question 5

What are the 2 essential fatty acids that plants provide that humans cannot synthesize?

Answer 5

Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid

Question 6

____ becomes essential if Linoleic acid is deficient in the diet

Answer 6

Arachidonic acid

Question 7

Why is Linoleic acid considered an essential fatty acid?

Answer 7

It is a precursor for other shorter w-6 FA

Question 8

Arachnoid is considered an essential fatty acid because

Answer 8

it is a substrate for prostaglandin synthesis

Question 9

Why is alpha-linolenic acid considered an essential fatty acid?

Answer 9

It is a precursor for w-3 fatty acids: it is important for growth and development

Question 10

Fatty acids with chain lengths with 4-10 carbons are found in significant quantities in ____

Answer 10

milk

Question 11

Short and Medium chain length fatty acids contain ___ carbons

Answer 11

4-10

Question 12

Long chain fatty acids contain ____

Answer 12

16-22

Question 13

Very long chain Fatty Acids contain

Answer 13

> 22

Question 14

There are two forms of fatty acids:

Answer 14

unesterified and esterified fatty acids

Question 15

The free fatty acids are called

Answer 15

unesterified

Question 16

The fatty acyl esters are called

Answer 16

esterified

Question 17

Free fatty acids are used as structural components of membrane lipids such as

Answer 17

phospholipids; glycolipids and sphingolipids

Question 18

Name the 4 uses for fatty acids:

Answer 18

1. structural components of membrane lipids
2. Conjugation to proteins for membrane anchoring properties
3. Oxidized to provide energy
4. Precursors for hormone-like prostaglandins

Question 19

___ are the precursors used to form more complex molecules (such as TAG)

Answer 19

Fatty acyl esters

Question 20

Fatty acyl esters are stored in

Answer 20

adipose tissue as TAG

Question 21

Fatty acyl esters serve as the

Answer 21

major energy reserve for the body

Question 22

90% of plasma fatty acids are ____ contained in lipoprotein particles.

Answer 22

Fatty acid esters

Question 23

Name the lipoprotein particles

Answer 23

TAG, cholesteryl esters, phospholipids

Question 24

Most tissues can take up ______

Answer 24

Free Fatty Acids

Question 25

Give two examples of point of origin of fatty acids

Answer 25

from TAG in adipose tissue | from circulating lipoproteins

Question 26

______ is important for de novo synthesis

Answer 26

Palmitic acid (16:0)

Question 27

Name the acids that are common in milk.

Answer 27

Butyric Acid and Capric Acid

Question 28

Name the acids that are synthesized within the brain tissue

Answer 28

Lignoceric Acid and Nervonic

Question 29

De Novo synthesis of palmitic acid is produced in the

Answer 29

cytosol

Question 30

______ are predominantly hydrophobic and must be in association with protein for circulation solubility

Answer 30

LCFA