LIPID Determination

Question 1

LABORATORY TEST FOR
LIPOPROTEIN AND LIPID DISORDER

Answer 1

• The patient should remain on a regular diet for at least 3 weeks prior to the blood sample
  being taken.
• There should be no significant weight gain or loss.
• No consumption of alcohol for at least 2 days

-The sample must be collected after a fast of atleast 12 hour

Question 2

Triglyceride Determination methods

Answer 2

Zilversmith and Van Handel

Enzymatic Method

Question 3

Zilversmith and Van Handel
◦ 1st step: extract using organic
solvents like

Answer 3

Ether and alcohol

Question 4

Reagent used 1st step in Zilversmith and Van Handel

Answer 4

Bloor’s reagent

Question 5

What added in 2nd step in Zilversmith and Van Handel

Answer 5

KOH (potassium hydroxide)

Question 6

In 3rd step what does it measure in Zilversmith and Van Handel

Answer 6

Glycerol

Question 7

In 3rd step in zilversmith and van handel the Oxidize glycerol by periodate solution of

Answer 7

Formaldehyde

Question 8

4th step in zilversmith and van handel the color reaction of formaldehyde is

Answer 8

Pink chromopore

Question 9

Steps of zilversmith and van handel

Answer 9

Step 1: extracting using organic solvent
Step 2: add KOH
Step 3: measurement of glycerol
Step 4: color reaction of formaldehyde (pink chromopore)

Question 10

It is a method Uses Lipase – no extraction needed

Answer 10

Enzymatic method

Question 11

Triglyceride + 3 H2O → Glycerol + 3 F.A. What enzyme is used

Answer 11

Lipase

Question 12

Glycerol + ATP → Glycerophosphate + ADP what enzyme used

Answer 12

Glycerokinase

Question 13

1. A) Glycerophosphate + O2 → Dihydroxyacetone + H2O2 what enzymes used

Answer 13

Glycerophosphate oxidase

Question 14

1. B) Glycerophosphate + NAD → Dihydroxyacetone + NADH + H
   what are the enzymes used

Answer 14

Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

Question 15

NADH + Tetrazolium dye → Formazan + NAD what are the enzymes used

Answer 15

Diaphorase

Question 16

ADP + Phosphoenol pyruvate →ATP + Pyruvate what enzymes is used

Answer 16

Pyvurate kinase

Question 17

Pyruvate + NADH + H → Lactate + NAD
What enzymes is used

Answer 17

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 18

DETERMINATION
OF PLASMA
TRIGLYCERIDES

Answer 18

Hydrolysis of triglyceride to form glycerol and free fatty acids

Measurement of glycerol present (either as glycerol or after conversion to another product)

Measure spectrophotometrically, fluorometrically or colorimetrically

Question 19

Method used fluorometry

Answer 19

Hantzsch method

Question 20

Hantzsch method end color

Answer 20

Yellow

Question 21

Wavelength used in hantzsch method

Answer 21

400-485nm

Question 22

ATP III Classification for TAG Values

Answer 22

Normal
Borderline high
High
Very high

Question 23

Normal triglycerides result/reference value

Answer 23

<150mg/dl

Question 24

Borderline high of triglyceride result/reference value

Answer 24

150-199mg/dl

Question 25

High of triglycerides reference value/ result

Answer 25

200-499 mg/dl

Question 26

Very high of triglyceride result/reference value

Answer 26

>500mg/dl

Question 27

Reference value of mild elevation

Answer 27

<250mg/dl or 2.8 mmol/L

Question 28

Reference value for hyperlipoproteinemia

Answer 28

250-500mg/dl or 2.8-5.7mmol/L

Question 29

Reference value of increase risk pancreatitis

Answer 29

>500mg/dl or > 5.7mmol/L

Question 30

Clinical significance triglycerides increase

Answer 30

◦ Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, IIb, III and IV and V ◦ Alcoholism ◦ Nephrotic Syndrome ◦ Hypothyroidism ◦ Pancreatitis

Question 31

Clinical significance triglycerides decrease

Answer 31

◦ Malabsorption Syndrome ◦ Hyperthyroidism ◦ Malnutrition ◦ Brain Infarction

Question 32

DETERMINATION OF Total Cholesterol

Answer 32

Enzymatic method

Question 33

Faster to perform determination of cholesterol

Answer 33

Enzymatic method

Question 34

Use less corrosive chemicals while determining cholesterol

Answer 34

Enzymatic method

Question 35

To diminish the problems associated with esters and other sterols

Answer 35

Enzymatic method

Question 36

Hydrolysis of cholesterol e

Answer 36

Enzymatic method

Question 37

PRINCIPLE of determination cholesterol

Answer 37

◦ Hydrolysis; Cholesterol esters - cholesterol esterase – cholesterol + fatty acics ◦ Oxidation: Cholesterol + O2 cholesterol oxidase – cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2 ◦ 2 H2O2 + 4-aminophenazone – peroxidase – quinoneimine dye ◦ Measure absorbance at 500 nm

Question 38

Reference value of cholesterol

Answer 38

125mg/dl or 3.2 mmol/L

Question 39

Conversion of cholesterol mg/dl to mmol/l

Answer 39

0.0259

Question 40

CHEMICAL METHODS

Answer 40

Lieberman-burchard (L-B) procedure Salkowski reaction

Question 41

one step direct method (simplest approach)

Answer 41

Lieberman-burchard procedure

Question 42

Measurement/wavelength of lieberman-burchard procedure

Answer 42

410nm

Question 43

Lieberman- burchard Other serum constituents such as

Answer 43

Hemoglobin and bilirubin

Question 44

End product of salkowski reaction

Answer 44

Cholestadienyldisulfonic acid

Question 45

End color of salkowski reaction

Answer 45

Red

Question 46

Abell- Kendall Method has 3 method step

Answer 46

Saponification Extraction Colorimetry

Question 47

Precipitation of cholesterol esters after extractiuon separate esterified from free cholesterol, permitting measurement of only the free fraction

Answer 47

Abell-kendall method

Question 48

Methods for total cholesterol determination

Answer 48

Bloor’s method Abell-kendall method Enzymatic method

Question 49

2 enzymes involved cholesterol determination

Answer 49

Cholesterol esterase Cholesterol oxidase

Question 50

Enzymes that converts esterified cholesterol into free cholesterol

Answer 50

Cholesterol esterase

Question 51

Enzymes that oxidize into H2O2

Answer 51

Cholesterol oxidase

Question 52

Enzymes that oxidize into H2O2

Answer 52

Cholesterol oxidase

Question 53

Abell, Levy and Brodie Method

Answer 53

CDC Reference Method Hydrolysis → Alcoholic KOH Extraction → Hexane Leibermann-Burchard Reaction Current Reference Method – GC-MS

Question 54

Interference competes with oxidation or reacts with peroxide

Answer 54

Enzymatic

Question 55

Linearity of cholesterol interference

Answer 55

600-700 mg/dl

Question 56

Interference specimen for bilirubin

Answer 56

Icteric and lipemic specimen

Question 57

Icteric and lipemic specimen – bilirubin absorbs light at ______ nm

Answer 57

500 nm

Question 58

falsely increased cholesterol

Answer 58

Hemolysis

Question 59

Summary of Clinical Significance increases cholesterol

Answer 59

◦ Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, III and IV ◦ Biliary Cirrhosis ◦ Alcoholism ◦ Nephrotic Syndrome ◦ Primary Hypothyroidism ◦ DM – poorly controlled

Question 60

Summary of Clinical Significance decreased cholesterol

Answer 60

◦ Severe hepatocellular disease ◦ Malabsorption Syndrome ◦ Hyperthyroidism ◦ Malnutrition ◦ Severe Burns

Question 61

Conversion factor of cholesterol mmol/L in LDL

Answer 61

0.026

Question 62

Conversion factor of triglyceride mmol/L in LDL

Answer 62

0.0113