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Biochem 2.0 > Lipid Metabolism PPT > Flashcards

Lipid Metabolism PPT Flashcards

1
Q

precursors in synthesis of other compounds

A

Fatty acids

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2
Q

fuels for energy production

A

Fatty acids

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3
Q

substrates for ketone body synthesis.

A

Fatty acids

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4
Q

_________ may be exported to other tissues: used for energy production.

A

Ketone bodies

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5
Q

It’s an enzyme in the mouth, it has no effect on digestion.

A

Saliva

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6
Q

It’s in the stomach, which produces small fat droplets (chyme).

A

Churning action

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7
Q

An enzyme in the stomach which hydrolyzes some (10%) TAGs

A

Gastric lipases

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8
Q

It solubilizes “droplets”

A

Bile

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9
Q

An enzyme in the small intestine which produces monoacylglycerols, which form fatty acid micelles.

A

Pancreatic lipases

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10
Q

“repackaged” into TAGs, which form chylomicrons.

A

Micelles

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11
Q

Digestion in the stomach: causes a large physical change and it will produce this substance.

A

Chyme

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12
Q

Chyme triggers _________ to release bile from gallbladder.

A

Cholecystokinin

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13
Q

It transports micelles into the lymphatic system of the body.

A

Chylomicrons

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14
Q

hydrolyze ester linkages between glycerol and FA units of TAGs

A

Pancreatic lipase

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15
Q

Oil droplets will form spherical ______ shapes. Bile salts aid this process clumping fatty acids and monacylglycerols.

A

micelle

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16
Q

Free fatty acids & monoacylglycerols are reformed into __________.

A

triacylglycerols

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17
Q

TAGs are combined with membrane & water soluble proteins to form a _________, a lipoprotein

A

chylomicron

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18
Q

carry TAGs from intestinal cells into bloodstream via the lymph system.

A

Chylomicrons

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19
Q

________ are specialized cells that contain TAGs

A

Adipocytes

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20
Q

________ contains large number of adipocyte cells

A

Adipose tissue

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21
Q

are found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. st heat loss, Store energy, insulation again shock absorber for organs.

A

Adipocytes

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22
Q

are metabolically very active: triacylglycerol constantly hydrolyzed & re-synthesized.

A

Adipocytes

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23
Q

The breakdown of triglycerides by lipases is under __________

A

hormonal control of lipolysis

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24
Q

Hormones involved in the hormonal control:

A

Epinephrin, glucagon, and insulin

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25
Q

Enzymes that promote breakdown of fat (lipolysis)

A

Epinephrine & glucagon

26
Q

Enzyme that inhibits lipolysis

A

Insulin

27
Q

is the hydrolysis of TAGs stored in adipose tissue, followed by release into the bloodstream of the fatty acids and glycerol so produced.

A

Triacylglycerol mobilization

28
Q

Overall process of tapping the body’s triacylglycerol energy reserves (adipose tissue) for energy is called

A

triacylglycerol mobilization

29
Q

One glycerol formed for each TAG hydrolyzed. Enter bloodstream & go to ______ or ______ for processing

A

liver or kidneys

30
Q

It is the first step in glycerol metabolism.

A

Primary hydroxyl group is phosphorylated.

31
Q

Second step of glycerol metabolism

A

Oxidized to form a ketone

32
Q

Oxidation of fatty acids:

  1. The fatty acid must be _____ by bonding to ______.
A

activated, coenzyme A

33
Q

Oxidation of fatty acids:

  1. The fatty acid must be ______ into the mitochondrial matrix by a ________.
A

transported, shuttle mechanism

34
Q

Oxidation of fatty acids:

  1. The fatty acid must be repeatedly _____, cycling through a series of four reactions, to produce ______, ______, and _____
A

oxidized, acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH

35
Q

The site for fatty acid activation.

A

Mitochondria

36
Q

It converts fatty acids to a high-energy derivative of coenzyme A.

A

Fatty Acid Activation

37
Q

FATTY ACID TRANSPORT:

Fatty acids are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane in the form of _________

A

acyl carnitine

38
Q

A shuttle mechanism involving the molecule ________ effects the transport of acyl coA into the mitochondrial matrix

A

carnitine

39
Q

Repetitive series of four biochemical reactions that degrades acyl CoA to acetyl CoA by removing two carbon atoms at a time

A

BETA OXIDATION PATHWAY

40
Q

Produces FADH2 and NADH

A

BETA OXIDATION PATHWAY

40
Q

Produces FADH2 and NADH

A

BETA OXIDATION PATHWAY

41
Q

Steps in Beta Oxidation Pathway:

A
  1. Oxidation
  2. Hydration
  3. Oxidation
  4. Chain cleavage
42
Q

Beta Oxidation Pathway:

Oxidation: Acyl CoA to ______.

A

trans-Enoyl CoA

43
Q

Beta Oxidation Pathway:

Hydration: trans-Enoyl CoA to ________.

A

L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA

44
Q

Beta Oxidation Pathway:

Oxidation: L-B-Hydroxyacyl CoA to _______.

A

B-Ketoacyl CoA

45
Q

Beta Oxidation Pathway:

Chain cleavage: B-Ketoacyl CoA to _______ and ______

A

Acyl CoA and Acetyl CoA

46
Q

C18 fatty acid produces how many acetyl CoA and repetitive sequence?

A

9 acetyl CoA and 8 repetitive sequences

47
Q

C14 fatty acid produces how many acetyl CoA and repetitive sequence?

A

7 acetyl CoA (6 repetitive sequences)

48
Q

The acetyl CoA produced enters the _______

A

CITRIC ACID CYCLE or KREBS CYCLE

49
Q

B-oxidation of 18:0 FA (stearic acid) produces a net of ___ ATP molecules

A

12

50
Q

2 ATP molecules are needed for activation of FA so net ATP produced is _____ molecules

A

120

51
Q

1 glucose molecule (6 carbon atoms) produces ______ ATP molecules

A

30

52
Q

3 molecules of glucose (18 C) produce _____ ATP

A

90

53
Q

______ produces 2.5 times more energy than glucose.

A

Stearic acid

54
Q

Skeletal muscle uses glucose (from glycogen) when in an ________

A

active state

55
Q

Skeletal muscle uses fatty acids when in a _______.

A

resting state

56
Q

________ depends first on fatty acids and secondarily on ketone bodies glucose, and lactate

A

Cardiac muscle

57
Q

The _______ uses fatty acids as the preferred fuel.

A

liver

58
Q

________ is maintained by glucose and ketone. Fatty acids
cannot cross the blood–brain barrier and thus are unavailable.

A

Brain function

59
Q

The first step of the Krebs cycle involves the reaction between _____ and _______.

A

Oxaloacetate and Acetyl CoA

60
Q

Oxaloacetate concentration depends on _____ produced from glycolysis; pyruvate can be converted to oxaloacetate by pyruvate carboxylase.

A

Pyruvate

61
Q

When oxaloacetate supplies are too low for all acetyl CoA to be processed through the TCA cycle, _____ takes place where excess acetyl CoA is converted to ketone bodies.

A

Ketogenesis

Biochem 2.0 (10 decks)

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