Lipids

Question 1

lipids have a low solubility in ??? and are relatively hydrophobic

Answer 1

water

Question 2

phospholipids are structural elements of membranes or energy storage?

Answer 2

structural elements

Question 3

fats/oils/triacylglycerides are structural elements of membranes or energy storage?

Answer 3

energy storage

Question 4

Fatty acid general structure is CH3–(CH2)n—COOH with COO- at a pH of ???

Answer 4

7

Question 5

saturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds between carbons?

Answer 5

no double bonds

Question 6

monounsaturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds between carbons?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

polyunsaturated fatty acids contain how many double bonds between carbons?

Answer 7

more than 1 in the alkyl chain

Question 8

saturated fatty acids pack in a fairly ??? way due to extensive favourable interactions

Answer 8

orderly way

Question 9

unsaturated FAs don’t pack very well because they are ??? by the double bond = less favourable interactions

Answer 9

kinked

Question 10

TRUE or FALSE: less energy is required to disrupt the order of unsaturated FAs

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

TRANS-fatty acids form by partial ??? of unsaturated FAs

Answer 11

dehydration

Question 12

trans FAs can pack more regularly and have higher ??? than CIS form

Answer 12

melting point

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE: solubility decreases as chain length increases

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Melting point decreases as chain length ??? and as number of double bond increases

Answer 14

decreases

Question 15

Branched-chain FAs increase the fluidity of membranes because they ??? extent of membrane-lipid packing

Answer 15

decrease

Question 16

cis double bond decreases the melting point- yes or no

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

Triacylglycerols are a derivative of ??? where the carboxylic acid group from a FA esterifies with each OH group on glycerol

Answer 17

glycerol

Question 18

Phospholipids:
glycerophospholipid (phosphoglycerides) have a ??? backbone and comprise about 2/3 of membrane phospholipids

Answer 18

glycerol backbone

Question 19

Glycerophospholipid: 2 FAs esterify with the 1st and 2nd OH group of ??? whilst the phosphate group is attracted to the 3rd Carbon

Answer 19

glycerol

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE: the highly polar phosphate group on a glycerophospholipid can be further esterified by an alcohol head group eg phosphatidylcholine

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Phsopholipid:
Sphingolipids have a ??? backbone, are less abundant with only 1/3

Answer 21

sphingosine

Question 22

sphingolipids:
sphingosine ??? has a cis-hydrocarbon chain side group at C3 and an amide-linked fatty acid

Answer 22

backbone

Question 23

sphingomyelin is an example of a ??? in membrane phospholipids

Answer 23

sphingolipid

Question 24

Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids) have a sphingosine ??? and a direct glycosidic linkage between the head (the sugar/mono/oligosaccharide) and backbone. the sugar group increases ???

Answer 24

backbone
polarity

Question 25

What distinguishes the blood groups? this is due to the type of sugars located on head groups in the ??? of the RBC membranes

Answer 25

Glycosphingolipids

Question 26

TRUE or FALSE: the structure of the sugars located on the head groups of glycosphingolipids in RBC membranes is determined by an expression of specific glycosyltransferases

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

what blood type has no active glycosyltransferase?

Answer 27

blood type O

Question 28

what blood group has a glycosyltransferase that transers N-acetylgalactosamine group?

Answer 28

Blood type A

Question 29

what blood group has a glycosyltransferase that transers a galactose group?

Answer 29

Blood type B

Question 30

sterols such as cholesterol have a ??? tail

Answer 30

hydrophobic

Question 31

phospholipid derivatives can be ??? signallers

Answer 31

intracellular

Question 32

cholesterol is a precursor for other sterols such as ??? and ???

Answer 32

cortisol and aldosterone