Lipids

Question 1

principal component of carnauba wax (Brazilian wax palm)

Answer 1

myricyl cerotate

Question 2

principal component of
spermaceti

Answer 2

cetyl palmitate

Question 3

Formed when the hydroxyl groups of glycerol react with the carboxyl groups of fatty acids

Answer 3

triglycerides

Question 4

double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids react with H2 in the presence of a Ni or Pt catalyst.

Answer 4

hydrogenation

Question 5

ester bonds are split by water in the presence of an acid, a base, or an enzyme.

Answer 5

hydrolysis

Question 6

Converts double bonds to single bonds.

Answer 6

hydrogenation

Question 7

majority of the unsaturated fatty acids are: cis or trans?

Answer 7

cis

Question 8

formed during hydrogenation when cis double bonds are converted to trans double bonds

Answer 8

trans fatty acids

Question 9

trans fatty acids raise
____ cholesterol
lowers
____ cholesterol

Answer 9

1. LDL or bad cholesterol
2. HDL -gets rid of excess cholester

Question 10

Triacylglycerols split into glycerol and three fatty acids.

Answer 10

hydrolysis

Question 11

The basic hydrolysis of fat and oils produces

Answer 11

soap or in the process of saponification

Question 12

the reaction of a fat with a strong base.

Answer 12

saponification

Question 13

gives softer soaps

Answer 13

KOH

Question 14

A sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid.

Answer 14

soap

Question 15

The most abundant lipids in cell membranes

Answer 15

glycerophospholipids

Question 16

glycerophospholipids are composed of

Answer 16

glycerol
two fatty acids
phosphate amino alcohol

Question 17

Glycerophospholipids Are: polar or non-polar

Answer 17

polar

Question 18

polar amino alcohols

Answer 18

choline
serine
ethanolamine

Question 19

Abundant in brain and nerve tissues

Answer 19

lecithin and cephalin

Question 20

simplest sphingolipids

Answer 20

ceramide

Question 21

cellular signalling

Answer 21

ceramide

Question 22

a sphingolipid found in membrane of nerve cells

Answer 22

sphingomyelinw

Question 23

lipid-rich membrane sheath that surrounds the axons of nerve cells; High content of sphingomyelins

Answer 23

myelin

Question 24

contain monosaccharides bonded to the –OH of sphingosine by a glycosidic bond.

Answer 24

glycosphingolipids

Question 25

glycosphingolipids are composed of

Answer 25

galactose or glucose

Question 26

similar to cerebrosides, but contain two or more monosaccharides.

Answer 26

gangliosides

Question 27

a cerebroside with galactose or glucose.

Answer 27

glycospingolipids

Question 28

Act as receptor for hormones and viruses.

Answer 28

gangliosides

Question 29

GM2 is a ganglioside; accumulates in

Answer 29

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 30

Blockage in the catabolism of ganglioside

Answer 30

Tay Sachs Disease

Question 31

Tay sachs disease is a Lack of the enzyme

Answer 31

hexosaminidase A

Question 32

A steroid nucleus consists of

Answer 32

3 cyclohexane rings. • 1 cyclopentane ring

Question 33

the most abundant steroid in the body

Answer 33

cholesterol

Question 34

highest cholesterol content

Answer 34

liver

Question 35

steroids in plants

Answer 35

phytosterols

Question 36

synthesized in the liver from cholesterol

Answer 36

bile salts

Question 37

Combine lipids with proteins and phospholipids.

Answer 37

lipoproteins

Question 38

chemical messengers in cells. • produced from cholesterol.

Answer 38

steroid hormones

Question 39

steroid hormones include

Answer 39

androgens and estrogens

Question 40

prepares uterus for fertilized egg

Answer 40

progesterone

Question 41

contraceptive

Answer 41

norethindrone

Question 42

produced by the adrenal glands located on the top of each kidney.

Answer 42

adrenal corticosteroids

Question 43

regulates electrolytes and water balance by the kidneys.

Answer 43

aldosterone

Question 44

glucocorticoid, which increases blood glucose level and stimulates the synthesis of glycogen in the liver.

Answer 44

cortisone

Question 45

derivatives of testosterone. • used illegally to increase muscle mass.

Answer 45

anabolic steroids

Question 46

growth and differentiation of tissue and in good vision vitamin

Answer 46

A

Question 47

calcium absorption & retention in bones vitamin

Answer 47

D

Question 48

Serves as antioxidant; may be necessary for reproduction in humans vitamin

Answer 48

Vitamin E tocopherol

Question 49

Regulatory function in blood clotting vitamin

Answer 49

K

Question 50

Deficiency of Vit D

Answer 50

rickets

Question 51

Powerful antioxidant – good reducing agent Remove free radicals (high degree of reactivity); play a part in the devt of cancer & in aging process. • Prevent biomolecules from degradation.

Answer 51

Vitamin E (a-tocopherol)

Question 52

determine the exact form of vitamin K

Answer 52

number of isoprene units

Question 53

examples of anabolic steroids

Answer 53

methandienone oxandrolone nandrolone stanozolol