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1.1 Cell Biology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

In general, are lipids soluble in aqueous solution?

A

No

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2
Q

Why are lipids suitable for energy storage?

A

They are reduced compounds & have a lot of available energy & their hydrophobic nature

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3
Q

What makes lipids suitable for insulation?

A

High heat capacity, low thermal conductivity, & absorbs shock

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4
Q

What allows lipids to act as water repellants for birds & dessert plants?

A

Their hydrophobic nature

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5
Q

Where do lipids insulate electrical impulses?

A

Lipids are found in the myelin sheaths

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6
Q

Where in the cell are lipids found?

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

What 2 lipids are major components of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids & cholesterol

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8
Q

What action does vitamin K aid with?

A

Blood clotting

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9
Q

What does coenzyme Q aid with?

A

ATP synthesis in mitochondria

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10
Q

What hormones act locally?

A

Paracrine hormones

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11
Q

What hormones act body-wide?

A

Steroid hormones

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12
Q

What affects the colour of certain organisms?

A

Pigments

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13
Q

Give an example of an antioxidant

A

Vitamin E

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14
Q

What type of bonds are found in lipids

A

Nonpolar carbon-hydrogen

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15
Q

Does the hydrogen atoms in lipids form bonds with water?

A

No

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16
Q

What 2 units make up fats?

A

Fatty acids & glycerol

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17
Q

What structure do fatty acids typically have

A

Long chained hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group at the end?

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18
Q

What feature does the carboxyl group give to fats?

A

Slight solubility in water

19
Q

What is another name for fats?

A

Triglycerides

20
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid with no c-c double bonds

21
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid with at least one c-c double bond

22
Q

What is glycerol?

A

3 carbon compound with 3 hydroxyl groups

23
Q

Is glycerol water soluble?

A

Yes

24
Q

What gives glycerol its water solubility?

A

The polarity of the hydroxyl groups

25
Q

What type of reaction is involved in the formation of a triglyceride?

A

Condensation dehydration

26
Q

What functional groups are involved in the formation of a triglyceride?

A

The carboxyl group of 3 fatty acids & the 3 hydroxyl groups of a glycerol molecule

27
Q

What type of fat are animal fats?

A

Saturated

28
Q

What type of fat are plant fats?

A

Unsaturated

29
Q

What 2 components make up waxes?

A

Long chain fatty acid & long chain alcohol

30
Q

What 2 features of waxes make them suitable for protective functions?

A

Insolubility & high melting point

31
Q

What are waxes function in plankton?

A

Metabolic fuel

32
Q

What are waxes function in vertebrates?

A

Protection & pliability of hair & skeleton

33
Q

What are waxes function in plants?

A

Waxy cuticles prevent water loss

34
Q

What are waxes function in the economy?

A

Lotions & polishes

35
Q

What makes up a phospholipid?

A

Glycerol, 2 fatty acids & at least 1 phosphate group

36
Q

Are fatty acids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

37
Q

Are phosphate groups hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophilic

38
Q

What happens to phospholipids in aqueous solution?

A

They self arrange into a phospholipid bilayer

39
Q

What do properties of the phosphate group determine in phospholipids?

A

The surface properties of the cell membrane

40
Q

What do all steroids have?

A

A backbone of 4 fused carbon rings

41
Q

What differs between different steroids?

A

The functional groups attached to the rings

42
Q

What are 2 roles of cholesterol?

A

Component of cell membrane & precursor to other hormones e.g. sex hormones

43
Q

What is the difference between testosterone & oestrogen?

A

Testosterone has a carbonyl group attached to it whilst oestrogen has a hydroxyl group attached to it

1.1 Cell Biology (7 decks)

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