Lipids

Question 0

3-hydroxy-5, 6-cholestene

Answer 0

Cholesterol

Question 1

is the only PHOSPHOLIPID in membranes that is not derived from glycerol.

Answer 1

Sphingomyelin

-derived from amino alcohol SPHINGOSINE

Question 2

Activator of LCAT?

Function of LCAT?

Answer 2

• Apo-A1
• esterification of cholesterol

*Re esterification of excess cholesterol by ACAT

Question 3

FORMS of cholesterol.

Answer 3

Cholesterol Ester -70% bound to fatty acid.

Free Cholesterol -30%

Question 4

Cholesterol increases with age, women has lower values than men except in the age of 50, increased by?

Answer 4

2mg/dl/year 50 to 60 years of age

Question 5

Principle of chemical methods in cholesterol determination.

Answer 5

Dehydration and Oxidation of cholesterol to form a colored compound.

Question 6

Cholesterol:

Liebermann Burchardt reaction:

Answer 6

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic Acid - GREEN COLOR

*Salkowski Reaction- Disulfonic-RED COLOR

Question 7

Color developer mixture of Leibermann Burchardt reagent. (3)

Answer 7

1. Glacial Acetic Acid
2. Acetic anhydride
3. Concentrated H2SO4

Question 8

The breakdown of TAG are facilitated by:

Answer 8

Lipoprotein Lipase
Epinephrine
Cortisol

Question 9

Conditions with DECREASE TAG.

Answer 9

Malabsorption syndrome
Malnutrition
Hyperthyroidism
Brain Infarction

Question 10

Conditions with DECREASED cholesterol.

Answer 10

Severe hepatocellular disease
Malnutrition
Severe burns
Malabsorption syndrome
Hyperthyroidism

Question 11

Conditions with INCREASED cholesterol.

Answer 11

Hyperlipoproteinemia type 235
Billiary cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Poorly controlled DM
Alcoholism
Primary hypothyroidism

Question 12

Conditions with INCREASED TAG.

Answer 12

Hyperlipiproteinemia type 12b345
Alcoholism
Nephrotic syndrome
Hypothyrodism
Pancreatitis

Question 13

Deficiency of this protein will lead to large cholesterol-laden HDL.
This connects forward and reverse cholesterol transport pathways.

Answer 13

Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP)

Question 14

Largest and least dense LPP
<0.95 kg/L
Transports EXOGENOUS TAG

Answer 14

Chylomicrons

ApoB48
with Apo A-1, C and E

Question 15

90% TAG, + 1-2% protein

Answer 15

CHYLOMICRONS

Question 16

65% TAG + 16% CE + 6-10% protein

Answer 16

VLDL/ pre-beta lipoprotein

Question 17

30% PHOSPHOLIPID + 20% CE + 45-50% protein

Answer 17

HDL / alpha LPP

Question 18

50% CE + 18% protein phospholipid

Answer 18

LDL/ beta LPP

Question 19

Nascent disk shaped particles

Answer 19

HDL / alpha LPP

Question 20

Better marker for CHD risk.

Answer 20

LDL

Question 21

It is the product of VLDL catabolsim.

Migrates either in the pre B or B region

Answer 21

IDL

Question 22

Known as the ‘sinking pre beta LPP’.

Answer 22

Lipoprotein a

Due to electrophoretic mobility same as VLDL but density like LDL

Question 23

Abnormal lipoprotein found in ovstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency. A specific and sensitive indicator of CHOLESTASIS.

Answer 23

Lipoprotein x

Protein portion : Apo C and albumin

Question 24

Known as: | "Floating B Lipoprotein"

Answer 24

B-VLDL Density same as VLDL migration same as LDL in beta region.

Question 25

Lipoprotein found in type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia and dysbetalipoproteinemia.

Answer 25

B-VLDL No conversion of VLDL to LDL, does IDL also accumulate.

Question 26

Preffered anticoagulant for ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic methods in LPP.

Answer 26

EDTA *Even though Chole and TAG conc are about 3% lower than serum.

Question 27

Fasting in LIPOPROTEIN determinations.

Answer 27

12 to 14 hours.--> mandatory for LDL and TAG If non fasting TC and HDL-C can be measured.

Question 28

Levels of LDL and HDL after eating.

Answer 28

Decreased

Question 29

Reference method for quantitation of LPP.

Answer 29

Ultracentrifugation. *expressed in svedverg units (s)

Question 30

Electrophoretic pattern of LPPs.

Answer 30

HDL , VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons VLDL Migrates on a-2 globulin (pre-B)

Question 31

Most popular method in measuring HDL-C.

Answer 31

Homogenous assay

Question 32

Formula for LDL-c.

Answer 32

TC - HDL-c - VLDL *VLDL= TAG/2.175 (friedwald) or 2.825 (de long) --> mmol/ L If mg/dl --> 5.0 or 6.5 respectively

Question 33

Apolipoprotein from chromosome 11. (*three)

Answer 33

A-1 A-4 C-3

Question 34

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 1 (*one)

Answer 34

A-2

Question 35

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 6.

Answer 35

Lipoprotein a

Question 36

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 2.

Answer 36

B-100 | B-48

Question 37

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 19 (*three)

Answer 37

C-1 C-2 E

Question 38

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 3.

Answer 38

D

Question 39

Regulates CETP function.

Answer 39

Apo F

Question 40

Apolipoprotein associated with CHD, Alzheimer's dx and hyperlipoprotenemia type 3.

Answer 40

Apo E E-4 isoforms CHD and Alzheimer E-2 isoforms hyperlipoproteinemia type 3

Question 41

Apolipoprotein found in HDL CM LDL VLDL and associated with HDL remodelling.

Answer 41

Apo M

Question 42

Apolipoprotein homologous to plasminogen, may be prothrombotic; bound to apoB-100 by disulfide linkages

Answer 42

Apo (a)

Question 43

An autosomal dominant disorder caused by defective or deficient LDL receptors.

Answer 43

Familial hypercholesterolemia (type2a) *(+) with xanthelasma and planar xanthomas

Question 44

Involves accumulation of VLDL rich in Chole and chylomicron remnants. Associated with apo E2. Involves both the endogenous and exogenous pathway. Creates a broad beta band electrophoretic pattern. "B-VLDL"--> PATHOGNOMONIC FEATURE.

Answer 44

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia/ Type 3 hyperLPPemia

Question 45

An autosomal recessive disorder; defective apo B synthesis. VLDL LDL CM--> absent Chole and TAG--> low Deficient Fat soluble vitamins ADEK CHARACTERIZED by cerebullar ataxia, acanthocytosis, fat malabsorption.

Answer 45

Abetalipoproteinemia/ Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome * vit D not require CM for absorption and therefore typically not deficient. * vit A and vit K have independent transport systems. Clinical deficiency not severe as seen with vit E. * vit E relies upon CM for absorption and relies on VLDL /LDL for delivery to tissues. MOST DEFICIENT VITAMIN.

Question 46

It is an inherited disorder of lipid met. accumulation of sphingomyelin in the BM spleen LNs

Answer 46

Niemann-Pick disease

Question 47

Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by complete absence of HDL due to mutation in the ABCA1 gene on chromosome 9.

Answer 47

Tangier's disease. *clinical findings: orange- yellow discoloration of the tonsils and pharynx.

Question 48

A rare autosomal recessive disorder that presents abdominal pain and pancreatitis. It results to inability to clear chylomicron particles, creating the classic "Type 1 chylomicronemia"

Answer 48

Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency *deficiency in Apo-C-2 also causes chylomicronemia

Question 49

It is due to mutation in the LCAT gene. Fish-eye disease is milder form of this.

Answer 49

LCAT deficiency

Question 50

Deficiency of hexosaminidase A which results in the accumulation of spingolipids in the brain.

Answer 50

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 51

Distinct from abetalipoproteinemia as only Apo-B48 appears to be affected.

Answer 51

Chylomicron Retention Disease / Anderson's disease. *characterized by hypocholesterolemia, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive and def of ADEK, vit E in particular.