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Clinical Chemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

0
Q

3-hydroxy-5, 6-cholestene

A

Cholesterol

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1
Q

is the only PHOSPHOLIPID in membranes that is not derived from glycerol.

A

Sphingomyelin

-derived from amino alcohol SPHINGOSINE

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2
Q

Activator of LCAT?

Function of LCAT?

A
  • Apo-A1
  • esterification of cholesterol

*Re esterification of excess cholesterol by ACAT

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3
Q

FORMS of cholesterol.

A

Cholesterol Ester -70% bound to fatty acid.

Free Cholesterol -30%

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4
Q

Cholesterol increases with age, women has lower values than men except in the age of 50, increased by?

A

2mg/dl/year 50 to 60 years of age

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5
Q

Principle of chemical methods in cholesterol determination.

A

Dehydration and Oxidation of cholesterol to form a colored compound.

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6
Q

Cholesterol:

Liebermann Burchardt reaction:

A

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic Acid - GREEN COLOR

*Salkowski Reaction- Disulfonic-RED COLOR

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7
Q

Color developer mixture of Leibermann Burchardt reagent. (3)

A
  1. Glacial Acetic Acid
  2. Acetic anhydride
  3. Concentrated H2SO4
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8
Q

The breakdown of TAG are facilitated by:

A

Lipoprotein Lipase
Epinephrine
Cortisol

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9
Q

Conditions with DECREASE TAG.

A

Malabsorption syndrome
Malnutrition
Hyperthyroidism
Brain Infarction

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10
Q

Conditions with DECREASED cholesterol.

A 
Severe hepatocellular disease
Malnutrition
Severe burns
Malabsorption syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
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11
Q

Conditions with INCREASED cholesterol.

A 
Hyperlipoproteinemia type 235
Billiary cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Poorly controlled DM
Alcoholism
Primary hypothyroidism
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12
Q

Conditions with INCREASED TAG.

A 
Hyperlipiproteinemia type 12b345
Alcoholism
Nephrotic syndrome
Hypothyrodism
Pancreatitis
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13
Q

Deficiency of this protein will lead to large cholesterol-laden HDL.
This connects forward and reverse cholesterol transport pathways.

A

Cholesterol Ester Transfer Protein (CETP)

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14
Q

Largest and least dense LPP
<0.95 kg/L
Transports EXOGENOUS TAG

A

Chylomicrons

ApoB48
with Apo A-1, C and E

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15
Q

90% TAG, + 1-2% protein

A

CHYLOMICRONS

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16
Q

65% TAG + 16% CE + 6-10% protein

A

VLDL/ pre-beta lipoprotein

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17
Q

30% PHOSPHOLIPID + 20% CE + 45-50% protein

A

HDL / alpha LPP

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18
Q

50% CE + 18% protein phospholipid

A

LDL/ beta LPP

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19
Q

Nascent disk shaped particles

A

HDL / alpha LPP

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20
Q

Better marker for CHD risk.

A

LDL

21
Q

It is the product of VLDL catabolsim.

Migrates either in the pre B or B region

A

IDL

22
Q

Known as the ‘sinking pre beta LPP’.

A

Lipoprotein a

Due to electrophoretic mobility same as VLDL but density like LDL

23
Q

Abnormal lipoprotein found in ovstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency. A specific and sensitive indicator of CHOLESTASIS.

A

Lipoprotein x

Protein portion : Apo C and albumin

24
Q

Known as:

“Floating B Lipoprotein”

A

B-VLDL

Density same as VLDL
migration same as LDL in beta region.

25
Q

Lipoprotein found in type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia and dysbetalipoproteinemia.

A

B-VLDL

No conversion of VLDL to LDL, does IDL also accumulate.

26
Q

Preffered anticoagulant for ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic methods in LPP.

A

EDTA

*Even though Chole and TAG conc are about 3% lower than serum.

27
Q

Fasting in LIPOPROTEIN determinations.

A

12 to 14 hours.–> mandatory for LDL and TAG

If non fasting TC and HDL-C can be measured.

28
Q

Levels of LDL and HDL after eating.

A

Decreased

29
Q

Reference method for quantitation of LPP.

A

Ultracentrifugation.

*expressed in svedverg units (s)

30
Q

Electrophoretic pattern of LPPs.

A

HDL , VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons

VLDL Migrates on a-2 globulin (pre-B)

31
Q

Most popular method in measuring HDL-C.

A

Homogenous assay

32
Q

Formula for LDL-c.

A

TC - HDL-c - VLDL

*VLDL= TAG/2.175 (friedwald) or 2.825 (de long) –> mmol/ L
If mg/dl –> 5.0 or 6.5 respectively

33
Q

Apolipoprotein from chromosome 11. (*three)

A

A-1
A-4
C-3

34
Q

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 1 (*one)

A

A-2

35
Q

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 6.

A

Lipoprotein a

36
Q

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 2.

A

B-100

B-48

37
Q

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 19 (*three)

A

C-1
C-2
E

38
Q

ApoLipoprotein from chromosome 3.

A

D

39
Q

Regulates CETP function.

A

Apo F

40
Q

Apolipoprotein associated with CHD, Alzheimer’s dx and hyperlipoprotenemia type 3.

A

Apo E

E-4 isoforms CHD and Alzheimer
E-2 isoforms hyperlipoproteinemia type 3

41
Q

Apolipoprotein found in HDL CM LDL VLDL and associated with HDL remodelling.

A

Apo M

42
Q

Apolipoprotein homologous to plasminogen, may be prothrombotic; bound to apoB-100 by disulfide linkages

A

Apo (a)

43
Q

An autosomal dominant disorder caused by defective or deficient LDL receptors.

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (type2a)

*(+) with xanthelasma and planar xanthomas

44
Q

Involves accumulation of VLDL rich in Chole and chylomicron remnants.
Associated with apo E2.
Involves both the endogenous and exogenous pathway.
Creates a broad beta band electrophoretic pattern. “B-VLDL”–> PATHOGNOMONIC FEATURE.

A

Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia/ Type 3 hyperLPPemia

45
Q

An autosomal recessive disorder; defective apo B synthesis.
VLDL LDL CM–> absent
Chole and TAG–> low
Deficient Fat soluble vitamins ADEK

CHARACTERIZED by cerebullar ataxia, acanthocytosis, fat malabsorption.

A

Abetalipoproteinemia/ Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome

  • vit D not require CM for absorption and therefore typically not deficient.
  • vit A and vit K have independent transport systems. Clinical deficiency not severe as seen with vit E.
  • vit E relies upon CM for absorption and relies on VLDL /LDL for delivery to tissues. MOST DEFICIENT VITAMIN.
46
Q

It is an inherited disorder of lipid met. accumulation of sphingomyelin in the BM spleen LNs

A

Niemann-Pick disease

47
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder characterized by complete absence of HDL due to mutation in the ABCA1 gene on chromosome 9.

A

Tangier’s disease.

*clinical findings: orange- yellow discoloration of the tonsils and pharynx.

48
Q

A rare autosomal recessive disorder that presents abdominal pain and pancreatitis.

It results to inability to clear chylomicron particles, creating the classic “Type 1 chylomicronemia”

A

Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency

*deficiency in Apo-C-2 also causes chylomicronemia

49
Q

It is due to mutation in the LCAT gene.

Fish-eye disease is milder form of this.

A

LCAT deficiency

50
Q

Deficiency of hexosaminidase A which results in the accumulation of spingolipids in the brain.

A

Tay-Sachs disease

51
Q

Distinct from abetalipoproteinemia as only Apo-B48 appears to be affected.

A

Chylomicron Retention Disease / Anderson’s disease.

*characterized by hypocholesterolemia, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive and def of ADEK, vit E in particular.

Clinical Chemistry (4 decks)

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