Proteins Flashcards
(28 cards)
Contain peptide chains on hydrolysis yield only amino acids. (Classification of Proteins)
Simple Proteins
Proteins are synthesized in the liver and secreted by hepatocytes into circulation except:
Immunoglobulins
*secreted by plasma cells
Comprise of a protein and a non-protein moeity/ prosthetic grp. (Classification of Proteins)
Conjugated proteins
Also known as transthyretin.
Half-life of 2 days.
Used as landmark to confirm if specimen is really CSF.
Prealbumin
*rich in tryptophan, contain 0.5% carbohydrate
Prealbumin
Increased in:
Decreased in:
Increased:
Alcoholism
Chronic Renal Failure
Steroid treatment
Decreased:
POOR NUTRITION
Why is it in Cirrhosis we find patients with normal Total Protein?
Increased Globin, decreased albumin
Makes total protein NORMAL.
A1-anti-trypsin deficiency is seen in:
Emphysema
Juvenile hepatic cirrhosis
Increased in:
Inflamation
Pregnancy
Contraceptive use
A glycoprotein that migrates between albumin and a-1 globulin band.
Alpha-feto protein
- AFP screening is done between 15-20 weeks of gestational age when the maternal level increases gradually.
Decreased levels of alpha-feto protein.
Down’s syndrome
*increased in: Hepatoma >1000ng/ml Spina bifida Nueral tube defects GIT atresia Ataxia telangiectasia Tyrosinosis HDN Anencephaly
Protein that contains high percentage of CHO and sialic acid ( 45% and 11-12% respectively)
Also known as OROSMUCOID.
a1-Acid Glycoprotein
*greatest affinity for PROGESTERONE; binds with quinidine
Protein / serine protease with CATHEPSIN G.
Migrates between the a1 and a2 zones
a1-Antichymotrypsin
- binds and inactivates PSA (prostate specific Antigen)
- seen in Alzheimer’s disease
Binds heme released by degradation of hemoglobin; has the strongest affinity with heme.
Helps in the diagnosis of EARLY HEMOLYSIS
Hemopexin
*migrates in the Beta region
Protein that exhibits affinity with vitamin D and Actin.
Group-specific component (Gc)-Globulin
*migrates between a1 and a2
Indicator of Wilson’s disease. (Decreased)
Ceruloplasmin
*features of Wilson’s disease:
Deposition of copper in the skin, brain and cornea (Kayser-Fleisher ring)
Largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in plasma.
a2-Macroglobulin /AMG
*increase 10x in nephrosis
Light chain component of the major human leukocyte antigen.
Found on ths surface of most nucleated cells.
Needed in the production of CD8 cells.
B2-Microglobulin
Increased in: Renal Failure Multiple Myeloma RA SLE HIV
Also known as SIDEROPHILIN.
Major component of the b2-globulin fraction.
Transferrin
- also a negative acute phase reactant LIKE ALBUMIN
- elevated levels appear as “paraprotein”
A member of pentraxin protein family.
Gamma-migrating protein.
C-reactive protein.
Highly specific for AMI.
Troponin I
Overload proteinuria includes conditions:
Hemoglobinuria
Myoglobinuria
Bence-Jones proteinuria
Most common and serious type of abnormal proteinuria.
Often called as albuminuria.
Glomerular proteinuria
Is an early indicator of glomerular dysfunction.
Microalbuminuria
An ultra-filtrate of plasma formed in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain.
CSF
Is the presence in CSF of 2 or more IgG bands in the gamma region.
Seen in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
CSF OlIgoclonal banding.
