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Biochem > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipids?

A

compound that is soluble in an organic solvent, but INSOLVENT IN WATER (hydrophobic)

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2
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A

provision of energy - provides calories
structure and cell signaling
source of essential fatty acids
provide insulation, and maintain body temperature
absorb fat-soluble vitamins ADEK

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3
Q

What are phospholipids essential for?

A

structure of cell membrane
form membrane of lipoproteins (to transport lipids in the blood)

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4
Q

What are essential fatty acids needed for?

A

cell membranes
skin
cardiovascular & brain health

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5
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

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6
Q

What is the site of fat storage in the body?

A

Adipose tissue

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7
Q

What does cholesterol produce?

A

Steroid hormones (oestrogen & androgens)
Bile acids
Vitamin D
Glucocorticoids

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8
Q

What are the most relevant lipids in food and nutrition?

A

Triglycerides (sat/unsaturated fat, trans fat)
Phospholipids (lecithin)
Sterols (cholesterol)

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9
Q

What are triglycerides composed of?

A

three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone

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10
Q

What is a fatty acid?

A

a chain of carbons with a methyl (CH3-) and a carboxyl (-COOH) end

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of fatty acids?

A

their degree of saturation and length of carbon chain(that influence how the fat affects the body)

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12
Q

How many carbons does a short-chain fatty acid have?

A

2-6 carbons

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13
Q

How many carbons does a medium-chain fatty acid have?

A

8-14 carbons

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14
Q

How many carbons does a long-chain fatty acid have?

A

14-20 carbons

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15
Q

How many carbons does a longer-chain fatty acid have?

A

over 20 carbons

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16
Q

What is the most common form of cis- trans fatty acids?

A

in nature, cis, H on the opposite form of the double bonds

17
Q

Hos is trans formed?

A

my ruminants (cows, sheep), by bacterial fermentation, and during partial hydrogenation of fats (used to harden fats in food)

18
Q

How does cis look?

A

Smiling :), bent (lower melting point)

19
Q

How does trans look?

A

Straight (higher melting point)

20
Q

What are essential fatty acids?

A

those that cannot be produced in the body must be consumed in the diet

21
Q

What is Linoleic acid (18:2; w-6) important for?

A

For cell signaling

22
Q

What is a-linolenic acid (18:3; w-3) important for?

A

structural membrane lipids

23
Q

What is best, omega 3 or omega 6?

A

omega 3

24
Q

What do omega 6 do?

A

support normal growth (structural lipids)
reproduction
maintenance of skin
haemostasis and immune function
eicosanoid formation (n-6 derived)

25
Q

What do omega 3 do?

A

vision
brain function
cardiac function
anti-inflammatory function
eicosanoid formation (n-3 derived)

Biochem (3 decks)

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