Lipids

Question 1

What are lipids?

Answer 1

compound that is soluble in an organic solvent, but INSOLVENT IN WATER (hydrophobic)

Question 2

What are the functions of lipids?

Answer 2

provision of energy - provides calories
structure and cell signaling
source of essential fatty acids
provide insulation, and maintain body temperature
absorb fat-soluble vitamins ADEK

Question 3

What are phospholipids essential for?

Answer 3

structure of cell membrane
form membrane of lipoproteins (to transport lipids in the blood)

Question 4

What are essential fatty acids needed for?

Answer 4

cell membranes
skin
cardiovascular & brain health

Question 5

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 5

ADEK

Question 6

What is the site of fat storage in the body?

Answer 6

Adipose tissue

Question 7

What does cholesterol produce?

Answer 7

Steroid hormones (oestrogen & androgens)
Bile acids
Vitamin D
Glucocorticoids

Question 8

What are the most relevant lipids in food and nutrition?

Answer 8

Triglycerides (sat/unsaturated fat, trans fat)
Phospholipids (lecithin)
Sterols (cholesterol)

Question 9

What are triglycerides composed of?

Answer 9

three fatty acids esterified to a glycerol backbone

Question 10

What is a fatty acid?

Answer 10

a chain of carbons with a methyl (CH3-) and a carboxyl (-COOH) end

Question 11

What are the characteristics of fatty acids?

Answer 11

their degree of saturation and length of carbon chain(that influence how the fat affects the body)

Question 12

How many carbons does a short-chain fatty acid have?

Answer 12

2-6 carbons

Question 13

How many carbons does a medium-chain fatty acid have?

Answer 13

8-14 carbons

Question 14

How many carbons does a long-chain fatty acid have?

Answer 14

14-20 carbons

Question 15

How many carbons does a longer-chain fatty acid have?

Answer 15

over 20 carbons

Question 16

What is the most common form of cis- trans fatty acids?

Answer 16

in nature, cis, H on the opposite form of the double bonds

Question 17

Hos is trans formed?

Answer 17

my ruminants (cows, sheep), by bacterial fermentation, and during partial hydrogenation of fats (used to harden fats in food)

Question 18

How does cis look?

Answer 18

Smiling :), bent (lower melting point)

Question 19

How does trans look?

Answer 19

Straight (higher melting point)

Question 20

What are essential fatty acids?

Answer 20

those that cannot be produced in the body must be consumed in the diet

Question 21

What is Linoleic acid (18:2; w-6) important for?

Answer 21

For cell signaling

Question 22

What is a-linolenic acid (18:3; w-3) important for?

Answer 22

structural membrane lipids

Question 23

What is best, omega 3 or omega 6?

Answer 23

omega 3

Question 24

What do omega 6 do?

Answer 24

support normal growth (structural lipids)
reproduction
maintenance of skin
haemostasis and immune function
eicosanoid formation (n-6 derived)

Question 25

What do omega 3 do?

Answer 25

vision brain function cardiac function anti-inflammatory function eicosanoid formation (n-3 derived)