Lipids

Question 1

O-linked Glycosylation is linked to the

Answer 1

OH group of Ser of Thr side chain

Question 2

N-linked Glycosylation is linked to the

Answer 2

aminde N of asn side chain

Question 3

Glycogen is

Answer 3

storage polysaccharide in animals

Question 4

What type of bonds are in fatty acids

Answer 4

polyunsaturated double bonds

Question 5

Fatty acids are almost never

Answer 5

conjugated

Question 6

In saturated fatty acids the molecular mass

Answer 6

increases and the melting point increases

Question 7

At 20ºC (RT), shorter fatty acids and long fatty acids are in what phase

Answer 7

shorter ones are oils and longer ones are solid fats

Question 8

Single C-C are free to

Answer 8

free to rotate, very flexible, and stackable

Question 9

Single c-c bonds in fatty acids have minimial

Answer 9

minimal steric interference

Question 10

Single C-C bond in fatty acids have stronger

Answer 10

hydrophobic interaction

Question 11

melting point is lower or higher for unsaturated than saturated?

Answer 11

unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids

Question 12

-C=C- bonds introduce kinks at

Answer 12

30 degrees and is rigid and don’t pack well

Question 13

the properties of triacylglycerol’s (TAGs

Answer 13

non-polar, water-insoluble fatty acids of triesters of glycerol

Question 14

triacylglycerol’s (TAGs) are not found

Answer 14

in biological membranes, but are efficient energy resvoirs in animals

Question 15

where are triacylglycerol’s (TAGs) synthesized/stored

Answer 15

synthesized/stored in adipocytes

Question 16

triacylglycerol’s (TAGs) are Triglycerides of

Answer 16

neutral fats

Question 17

how many subunits does the K+ channel have

Answer 17

4 subunits

Question 18

Where is the K+ negatively charged amino acids

Answer 18

negatively charged amino acid at the cytoslic end

Question 19

What does the negatively charged amino acid at the cytosolic end do

Answer 19

attract cations such as K+, Na+, etc

Question 20

whats the purpose of the carbonyl oxygens in K+ channel

Answer 20

key to a precise seperation

Question 21

what are the hydrated ions in the K+ channels

Answer 21

ions with carbonyl oxygens

Question 22

Only K+ fits the diameter of

Answer 22

of the pore ion filter

Question 23

the biological membranes define

Answer 23

the in/outside of cells

Question 24

biological membranes can

Answer 24

compartmentalize and are the surface for certain reactions to occur

Question 25

Biological membranes is an assembly of

Answer 25

lipids, proteins and carbohydrayes

Question 26

What is the permeability of biological membranes

Answer 26

somewhat permamble

Question 27

What kind of molecules does the biological membranes allow diffusion for

Answer 27

hydrophobic membranes

Question 28

uniporter transports only

Answer 28

one type of molecule in one direction

Question 29

symporter transports the 2nd solute

Answer 29

in the same direction

Question 30

antiporter transports 2nd solute

Answer 30

in the opposite direction

Question 31

biological membranes allow flow/exhange of

Answer 31

molecules via gates and pumps

Question 32

membrane proteins have

Answer 32

hydrophobic amino acids outwards

Question 33

In what solution are membrane proteins insoluble in

Answer 33

aqeuous solutions

Question 34

there are fewer what in membrane proteins

Answer 34

fewer hydrophillic amino acids than cytosolic proteins

Question 35

whare are the 3 types of classification of membrane proteins

Answer 35

integral proteins periperal proteins lipid-linked proteins

Question 36

change of voltage acrross the membrane is called

Answer 36

voltage gated channel

Question 37

what are the stimuli for channel proteins to open or close

Answer 37

voltage-gated channel, ligand channel. and mechanically-gated stress-gated channel

Question 38

Ligand binding from either outside or inside is called

Answer 38

ligand-gated channel

Question 39

In the fluid mosiac model integral proteins interact

Answer 39

strongly with bilayers through transmembrane segments

Question 40

In the fluid mosaic model, perpheral proteins are

Answer 40

loosely associated and easily removed

Question 41

Periphersl proteins interact with the surface through

Answer 41

electrostatic and h-bonding

Question 42

In the fluid mosaic model, lipid-linked proteins have

Answer 42

lipd anchors

Question 43

What are the state of proteins?

Answer 43

very dynamic state: constant, fast lateral diffusion

Question 44

facillated passive trasnsport happens

Answer 44

spontaneously, electrochemical or pressure gradient energy

Question 45

Which type of transport requires energy and why

Answer 45

Active transport because solutes are pumped against their electrochemical gradient.

Question 46

facilatated passive transport via

Answer 46

specific proteins (transmembrane intergral proteins) and is highly selective

Question 47

passive transport is senstive to

Answer 47

inibitors that react with protein side chains

Question 48

passive transport can be staurated

Answer 48

the transport rate reaches a max when all the trasnsporters are being used

Question 49

What the 3 main mechanisms of active transport

Answer 49

coupled carrier, ATP-driven pump light-driven pump

Question 50

ATP-driven pump is powered by

Answer 50

ATP hydroylsis

Question 51

Light-driven pump is powered by

Answer 51

photons

Question 52

Couples carrier is

Answer 52

uphill transport compensated by another solute goin downhill

Question 53

What is the epimer of glucose

Answer 53

Mannose

Question 54

starch is a mixture of

Answer 54

a-amylose and amylopectin

Question 55

Boat and chair conformations are found in

Answer 55

pyranose sugars

Question 56

furanose is a sugar that contains a

Answer 56

five-membered ring

Question 57

cellulose purpose as a plant cell walls

Answer 57

rigidity and mechanical strength against osmotic stress

Question 58

Proteoglycans contain

Answer 58

glycosaminoglycans

Question 59

Proteoglycans are the backbone of

Answer 59

hyaluronic acid polymer

Question 60

the transformation of monosaccharide into its anomer occurs

Answer 60

anomer occurs easily doesn't require the assistence of a catalyst

Question 61

what polysaccharide is found in a hellically coiled conformation

Answer 61

a-amylose

Question 62

How many steroisomers are possible for a ketopentose such as ribose

Answer 62

4

Question 63

an example of homopolysaccharide in the liver and muscle is

Answer 63

glycogen

Question 64

Gylcoproteins are responsible for

Answer 64

targeting, sorting,recognition and protection from degradation

Question 65

in higher plants and aminals, for fatty acids

Answer 65

C16 and C18 species predominate.

Question 66

Andipocytes are specialized

Answer 66

cells for the synthesis of triglycerides

Question 67

how many Na+ and K+ are exported and imported

Answer 67

3 Na+ are exported and 2K+ are imported

Question 68

cholesterol are incoperated into the membrane to

Answer 68

to increase rigidity

Question 69

the most common ion channel in animal cells are

Answer 69

K+ channels

Question 70

Proteoglycans is highly

Answer 70

hydrated and has high resilence

Question 71

Modifications of sugars are not

Answer 71

enconded in DNa because of heterogenity of glycoprotein

Question 72

Glycoproteins link sugars to protein via

Answer 72

glycoslyation

Question 73

Chitin

Answer 73

β(1→4) linkages (long linear polymer)

Question 74

chitin has extensive linear chains made up of

Answer 74

N-acetyl-glucosamine